Surface Wind Research Articles

A Novel Sea State Classification Scheme of the Global CFOSAT Wind and Wave Observations

AbstractOcean waves are essential elements across the air‐sea interface, regulating momentum and energy transfer. The mixture of wind sea and ocean swell coupled with surface winds results in diverse sea state conditions that modify the local air‐sea interaction. Previous classifications of wind waves and swells are mostly binary that are insufficient to represent the complexity of sea states. In this study, we utilize wind and wave measurements from the China‐France Oceanography Satellite (CFOSAT) to construct an observational wind‐wave ensemble. Four key parameters: wind speed, significant wave height, inverse wave age, and spectral width are selected out of six variables based on their correlations. Employing the unsupervised learning of k‐means clustering, global sea states are categorized into six distinct classes. These classes, characterized by unique centroids and separated in the feature space, represent specific wind regimes and degrees of wave development. Global occurrence highlights that each sea state is region‐specific, bridging the spatial gap of swell and wind sea dominated areas, respectively. This new grouping scheme complements the traditional wind sea and/or swell classification by resolving the diversity of wave regimes. The six‐class classification enables us to identify transitional states and hybrid conditions that may have been overlooked in the binary classification scheme, which shall help investigate the impact of ocean waves on the air‐sea interaction under varying sea states.

Serotonin-functionalized starch-based hemostatic sponges enhance platelet activation in the management of non-compressible hemorrhage

Massive hemorrhage poses a serious threat to human health and even life. Access to rapid and potent hemostatic materials is crucial for lowering mortality rates. Starch-based materials exhibit good biocompatibility and are extensively utilized in hemostatic. However, existing starch-based hemostatic products suffer from limited hemostatic efficacy. Serotonin, an indoleamine naturally occurring in the human body, is recognized for its potent platelet-activating properties. Therefore, this study focused on enhancing the procoagulant activity of starch by incorporating serotonin into the starch backbone via esterification and amidation reactions, yielding a novel serotonin-loaded starch-based hemostatic sponge (SLS sponge). The SLS sponges featured exceptional porosity (≥80 %) and water absorption capacity (≥2000 %), which rapidly initiated the coagulation cascade reaction, promoted the adhesion and aggregation of red blood cells and platelets, and intensified platelet activation. This multifaceted approach synergistically enhanced hemostasis via both active and passive coagulation mechanisms. Notably, the SLS sponges adhered firmly to the wound surfaces without pressure. Compared with gelatin sponges, the SLS sponges significantly reduced blood loss by approximately 40.5 % and shortened the time to achieve hemostasis by approximately 28.9 %. These findings indicate that the newly developed SLS sponges are a promising active hemostatic material, particularly effective in managing non-compressible hemorrhages.

The spatiotemporal and dependency analysis of selected meteorological parameters and normalized difference vegetation index with aerosol optical depth over east Africa

The unprecedented rise in atmospheric aerosols, coupled with their intricate interactions with the environment through a wide array of physical, chemical, and biological processes, has profoundly impacted global climate. Their presence in the atmosphere scatters and absorbs solar radiation, thus altering the amount of sunlight reaching the Earth's surface. These direct effects, along with the indirect effects of aerosols, have significantly altered atmospheric temperatures, land surface processes, global surface temperature, hydrological cycle, and ecosystems. Understanding the complex interplay between aerosols and climatic variables necessitates a multidisciplinary approach, such as dependency modeling. Addressing these challenges, the current study conducts a spatiotemporal correlational analysis of selected key meteorological parameters with aerosol optical depth over East Africa (EA) using multisensory data from Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Application (MERRA-2) model, and Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM). Employing a weighted least squares regression (WLS) model, the study quantifies trends in the time series of climatic variables and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), further utilizing a statistical dependency modeling technique for correlational analysis. The trend analysis reveals a significant decreasing trend in surface wind speed (SWS) in most months, with sporadic positive trends attributed to anthropogenic activities, notably biomass burning, observed in January. Spatial trend analysis of Precipitation Rate (PR) displays heterogeneity, with significant negative trends in January and March, and positive trends in February, April, November, and December. Negative trends during May to August are attributed to increased anthropogenic activities, while enhanced positive trends in May correlate with low aerosol optical depth (AOD) during this period. Surface air temperature (SAT) exhibits diverse variations across the region, with dry months recording higher averages and trends than wet months. The study notes heterogeneous correlations in NDVI over the study area, with positive and negative correlations observed in different regions. Specifically, positive correlations are noted along the coastal and Lake Victoria regions, attributed to improved PR enhancing vegetation cover in these areas.

Mapping the sources and strands of marine debris via particle modelling and In-situ sampling approaches in archipelagic countries

Marine debris (MD) is a global issue that remains unresolved in Indonesia where the accumulation of this kind of pollution poses a significant threat to the marine ecosystem and health of the ocean. Understanding the sources and locations of stranded debris is crucial in identifying the required regulations and mitigation strategies. This study used the hypothetical sources to identify the stranded debris along the coastline of Selayar Island and its surrounding seas. Using a combination of simulation and in-situ sampling methods, the simulation considered 13 hypothetical sources based on external factors such as river locations and surface ocean currents. This simulation result was then validated the simulation against beach litter observations and interview results with people. The results successfully mapped the sources and stranded MD in Selayar Island, indicating that the majority of MD originates from the island itself and the surrounding areas, influenced by oceanographic factors. The most frequently encountered locations of stranded MD are in the western coastal region including tourism areas and coastal ecosystem. Due to the oceanographic conditions, the stranded debris has varied quantities over the months, and higher in December represent the northwest monsoon (NWM) season, exceeding levels observed during the southeast monsoon (SEM). The study also identified that the main sources of debris are from Selayar Island and rivers from surrounding islands. This study also confirmed that oceanographic conditions such as surface ocean currents and wind pattern influenced the spreading of MD in Selayar Island. Due to the different ocean characteristics in different regions, a more detailed understanding and stranded of marine debris source which might provide more information for the explanation of the mechanism of marine debris pathways in Archipelagic Countries.

Next-generation public health surveillance: extreme heat event prediction and monitoring system

Abstract Background Extreme Heat Events (EHEs) are a growing threat to public health. The increase in the frequency of occurrence of once rarer EHEs and the rise in their average temperatures are dangerously drastic for public health outcomes. Despite this, existing public health surveillance (PHS) systems fail to leverage IoT and AI technologies to facilitate real-time, continuous monitoring of EHE indicators and its associated health risks. This study closes this gap by proposing a comprehensive PHS system that can, in real-time monitor and predict EHE indicators to provide timely alerts to public health authorities. Methods The EHE PHS system collects EHE detection metrics, including indoor temperature and humidity levels, from IoT sensors and thermostats to map them across Canada, primarily focusing on low-income communities. The system also integrates historical climate data (surface temperature, humidity, wind speed and direction, and air quality indicators) from Environment Canada. The system uses the data to train initial prediction models including CNN, LSTM and GNN. The validated model will be integrated into the system, enabling real-time EHE prediction. The output will be displayed in user-friendly visualizations on the EHE PHS system’s dashboard capabilities. Results The system allows for the analysis of real-time data through dashboards and provides alerts when certain indicators (e.g. excessive or prolonged heat) detrimental to public health outcomes are detected. The alerts enable valuable lead time for public health authorities to implement proactive measures, such as issuing heat advisories and deploying resources to vulnerable areas. Conclusions The EHE PHS system will serve as a blueprint for global public health researchers, utilizing IoT and AI technologies for proactive crisis prevention. This knowledge will inform the development of heat-resilient policies and set a precedent for global public health crisis prevention. Key messages • The proposed EHE PHS system uses AI and IoT technologies, to enhance EHE prediction, risk identification, and real-time monitoring for effective public health interventions. • By integrating advanced predictive models and environmental data, the system facilitates early detection of EHE risk, which can significantly mitigate the health impact on vulnerable populations.

Assessing the Influence of Hyaluronan Dressing on Wound Healing on Split-Thickness Skin Graft Donor Sites Using a Three-Dimensional Scanner.

Objectives: The topical application of hyaluronic acid after injury may accelerate the wound healing process. We aimed to retrospectively investigate whether the topical application of hyaluronic acid on standardized wounds after split-thickness skin graft removal on the thigh would accelerate wound healing and improve scarring outcomes. Additionally, we aimed to evaluate the usefulness of three-dimensional (3D) scanning to assess scars. Methods: The wound healing process of a hyaluronan group (n = 20) and a control (n = 21) were analyzed and evaluated using 3D scans at 7 and 14 days and 1, 3, and 6 months post-operatively. Scar evaluations by the patients were conducted 6 months post-operatively using the patient and observer scar assessment scale and the Manchester scar scale. Experts evaluated the scars after 6 months using a modified version of both scales. Results: On days 7 and 14, significantly larger areas of the wound surface were closed in the hyaluronan group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). After 1 month, significantly more crusted areas remained in the control group than in the hyaluronan group (p < 0.05). At the 6-month self-assessments, the hyaluronan group evaluated their scars as being significantly better compared to the control group. Conclusions: The topical application of hyaluronic acid in combination with polyurethane foam as a wound dressing after split skin removal accelerated the wound healing rate and positively influenced scar appearance after 6 months. Three-dimensional scanning is useful for evaluating and documenting the wound healing process.

Characterizing surface pressure and wind fields of typhoons approaching Hong Kong

In this paper, 17 severe typhoons that have affected Hong Kong are simulated using an advanced numerical atmospheric simulation system - Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF). The simulated surface pressure and wind fields of these typhoons are validated against a wide range of field observations. Then azimuth-dependent models for the radius of maximum winds and the Holland parameter are established statistically at the surface level. It is observed that the shape parameter of the Holland pressure model is smaller at the surface than that at the gradient level. And the Holland wind field model cannot well reproduce the simulated radial wind profiles due to the complexities of nonuniform surface conditions and typhoon dynamics. It is found that the modified Rankine model provides satisfactory estimates of typhoon wind speeds in Hong Kong. Additionally, wind field asymmetries of typhoons approaching Hong Kong are highly correlated with the typhoon track velocity, vertical wind shear and the angle between them. The proposed statistical models and identified characteristics of wind field asymmetries of typhoons will provide useful information for rapidly assessing typhoon wind hazards.

Biodegradable exosome-engineered hydrogels for the prevention of peritoneal adhesions via anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation

Peritoneal adhesions (PA) are a common and severe complication after abdominal surgery, impacting millions of patients worldwide. The use of anti-adhesion materials as physical barriers is an effective strategy to prevent postoperative adhesions. However, the local inflammatory microenvironment exerts a significant impact on the efficacy of anti-adhesion therapies. In this study, an injectable hydrogel based on oxidized dextran/carboxymethyl chitosan (DCC) is designed and prepared. Furthermore, the DCC hydrogel is specifically engineered to load the adipose mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs)-derived exosomes (Exos) for the treatment of PA. The prepared DCC hydrogel can act as the physical barrier via covering the irregular wound surface effectively. Moreover, it shows controlled degradation property, enabling the regulated release of Exos. The DCC hydrogel loaded Exos (DCC/Exo) system has high antioxidant capacity, and can effectively modulate the inflammatory microenvironments and diminish apoptosis. Notably, it promotes a polarization shift towards the M2-like phenotype in macrophages. The RNA-seq analysis confirms that the DCC/Exo system exhibits significant anti-inflammatory properties and promotes a reduction in collagen deposition. Consequently, the DCC/Exo system can inhibit peritoneal adhesions significantly in a mouse cecum-abdominal wall injury model. These results demonstrate the DCC/Exo is an ideal material for preventing postoperative adhesions.

Experimental and numerical study of wind effect on an ultra‐thin concrete triangular plan shell structure

AbstractSelf‐supporting concrete shell structures are highly efficient in distributing loads, which can result in very reduced thicknesses (ultra‐thin), giving them remarkable slenderness. Due to their geometric complexity, it is difficult to predict how they interact with wind action. The main aim of the present study is to assess the mean surface pressure coefficient distribution in a shell with a triangular plan shape and three supports for different angles of wind incidence. To determine the distribution of surface pressure coefficients and lift and drag force coefficients, an experimental study was carried out in a wind tunnel, and a numerical simulation study was performed through computational fluid dynamics. The experimental and numerical results were analyzed and compared, and making it possible to identify the most critical surface zones and wind incidences when the shell is under the wind action.

Convectively Induced Secondary Circulations and Wind‐Driven Heat Fluxes in the Surface Energy Balance Over Land

AbstractIncreased resolution has enabled kilometer‐scale weather and climate models to partially resolve secondary circulations, including horizontal convective rolls (HCRs) and cold pool gust fronts. Although these circulations are ubiquitous in convective boundary layers over land, their impacts on the surface energy balance are largely unknown. Doppler lidar and surface observations were combined with DOE E3SM land model experiments, revealing increased surface winds (5 m/s) and heat fluxes (50 W/m2) in convergent branches of HCRs. Larger wind‐driven flux responses (up to 150 W/m2) were found along gust fronts. Surface energy balance shifts to accommodate wind‐driven fluxes, reducing ground heat conduction and longwave cooling. Our findings from the US Southern Great Plains are broadly relevant to modeling convective boundary layers. In particular, widely used subgrid wind gust parameterizations were found to be physically inconsistent with resolved secondary circulations and could worsen climate prediction biases at kilometer‐scales.

A Programmable Handheld Extrusion-Based Bioprinting Platform for In Situ Skin Wounds Dressing: Balance Mobility and Customizability.

Bioprinting technology plays a crucial role for constructing tissue substitutes. However, the mismatched scaffold shapes and the poor treatment timeliness limit its clinical translational application. In situ printing technology that prints bioregenerants directly inside patient's body can meet the needs of specific tissue repair. This study develops a smartphone controlled handheld bioprinter for in situ skin wounds dressing. The mini bioprinter can be handheld and placed on any printing surface to create strips, complex patterns, and 3D structures, and can be equipped with microchannel needles to expand functionality. The size of the strips as well as the printing path can be programmed and controlled by the smartphone to ensure the precision of the printed product quality. Furthermore, the device not only allows for smooth switching between different bioinks for printing heterogeneous structure, but also allows for fast and uniform coverage of large wound surfaces. When dealing with complex wounds in vitro & vivo, the printer can effectively fill and precisely close wounds, promoting wound healing. The programmable handheld bioprinter can balance mobility and customizability in the management of skin wounds and is expected to realize its potential for emergency medical treatment in condition-constrained scenarios, such as battlefields or disaster areas.

A Novel Method for the Estimation of Sea Surface Wind Speed from SAR Imagery

Wind is one of the important environmental factors influencing marine target detection as it is the source of sea clutter and also affects target motion and drift. The accurate estimation of wind speed is crucial for developing an efficient machine learning (ML) model for target detection. For example, high wind speeds make it more likely to mistakenly detect clutter as a marine target. This paper presents a novel approach for the estimation of sea surface wind speed (SSWS) and direction utilizing satellite imagery through innovative ML algorithms. Unlike existing methods, our proposed technique does not require wind direction information and normalized radar cross-section (NRCS) values and therefore can be used for a wide range of satellite images when the initial calibrated data are not available. In the proposed method, we extract features from co-polarized (HH) and cross-polarized (HV) satellite images and then fuse advanced regression techniques with SSWS estimation. The comparison between the proposed model and three well-known C-band models (CMODs)—CMOD-IFR2, CMOD5N, and CMOD7—further indicates the superior performance of the proposed model. The proposed model achieved the lowest Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE), with values of 0.97 m/s and 0.62 m/s for calibrated images, and 1.37 and 0.97 for uncalibrated images, respectively, on the RCM dataset.

TREATMENT OF TROPHIC COMPLICATIONS IN DECOMPENSATED FORMS OF IMPAIRED ARTERIAL BLOOD CIRCULATION OF THE LOWER EXTREMITIES

Summary. The aim of the study was to study the clinical effectiveness of using the developed method of cryopreservation on wound surfaces using a cryopreservation device. Materials and methods. 87 patients with ulcerative-necrotic defects of the lower legs and feet were selected for the study. The condition for inclusion in the study was Phase I of the wound process. Patients were divided into the main and comparison groups. The main group included 41 patients who had their wounds cleaned according to the proposed method, and the comparison group consisted of 46 patients who underwent surgical treatment. Results. The use of cryodestruction of the surface of trophic ulcers of arterial etiology led to rapid cleaning of necrotic masses, fibrin, a decrease in exudation and pain intensity, and the disappearance of unpleasant odors. The effectiveness of the methods lies in the fact that not only necrotic components of the wound surface, fibrin films, as well as the surface layers of ulcer surface cells are destroyed, that is, phenotypically altered cells of the wound edge and base are removed, leading to a violation of regeneration processes. Conclusions. Debridment methods based on the use of controlled cryodestruction of pathological tissues on the surface of trophic ulcers accelerate the transition of the wound process to phase II by 25% in patients with trophic ulcers with critical ischemia of the lower extremities.

POSSIBILITIES OF NON-STANDARD METHODS FOR TREATING INFECTED WOUNDS

Summary. Introduction. Some representatives of the microcosm can secrete a variety of biologically active substances that have a detrimental effect on other groups of microorganisms. The geniuses of humanity noticed this, and today medicine has about 1600 antibacterial drugs. However, the struggle for survival at all levels continues. Many bacteria have become resistant to existing antibiotics. Taking this into account, the treatment of purulent-inflammatory diseases faces insurmountable difficulties. Contaminated ulcerative processes and various wounds of the legs are accompanied by suppuration, the treatment of which is extended by weeks and months. The above justifies the relevance of the problem. Aim: to study the possibilities of using non-standard methods for treating purulent and infected wounds and ulcers. Materials and methods. In experimental conditions (patent), we studied and tested the treatment of purulent ulcers (S=2.0–42.0 cm2) and wounds (S=22.0–48.0 cm2) in 21 patients without the use of antibiotics. Apatite polymer drainage bandages (APDB) were applied under compression conditions. Results and discussion. The dressing was changed after 12–24–48 hours, depending on the exudation level. The clinical effect was observed from the 4th day. Epithelization of wound surfaces was observed on days 14–21, of ulcerative defects – on days 18–32. Conclusions. APDB based on zinc oxide may be an alternative to existing standard treatment methods for purulent diseases. Funding. This study was carried out with grant support from the National Research Foundation of Ukraine (project No. 2023.04/0109).

Periodically asymmetric responses of deep chlorophyll maximum to light and thermocline in a clear monomictic lake: Insights from monthly and diel scale observations

Deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM), a chlorophyll peak in the water column, has important implications for biogeochemical cycles, energy flow and water surface algal blooms in deep lakes. However, how an observed periodically asymmetric DCM response to environmental variables remains unclear, limiting our in-depth understanding and effective eco-environmental management of deep lakes. Based on both monthly field investigations in 2021 and diel continuous observations in 2021–2023 in clear, monomictic Lake Fuxian, Southwest China, the temporal dynamics and drivers of DCM were examined and periodic features of DCM were found, with a formation period (FP, February–July) and a weakening period (WP, August–December). On the monthly scale, although DCM dynamics were partly attributed to thermocline structures, the role of light penetration depths varied with period. In the FP, the influence of light on DCM was direct, i.e., increased depth and thickness but decreased magnitude. Differently, the influence of light mainly occurred by affecting thermocline structures in the WP, where water quality was another important driver. On the diel scale, light was a major reason for a thicker and lower (magnitude) DCM during day than at night, and the response of DCM to environmental factors between the FP and WP differed also more during day. This periodically asymmetric response of daytime DCM not only being caused by light but possibly also related to other physical factors such as lake surface water temperature, wind speed and precipitation. Bayesian network modelling suggested that water darkening and stratification intensification may promote a shallower, thinner and larger (magnitude) DCM in both FP and WP, but achieving such changes in DCM requires different light and thermocline thresholds. Our findings provide new information valuable for modelling DCM and for predicting the related surface algal blooms in deep lakes under climate change and eutrophication.

Clinical study of matrix vascular component gel combined with vacuum sealing drainage technique in chronic wounds

This study investigates the efficacy of the combination of extracellular matrix/stromal vascular fraction gel (ECM/SVF-gel) and vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) on chronic wounds. From February 2021 to February 2022, 20 patients with chronic wounds were recruited and were divided into experimental and control groups, with 10 patients in each group. Following debridement, we applied various treatments to all cases for 2 weeks. Subsequently, we observed the changes in the wound area and calculated the rate of wound healing. Simultaneously, the wound margin tissues were collected for histological analysis, and the inflammatory cell infiltration within the wound was assessed using HE staining. Masson staining was used to observe the collagen deposition on the wound surface, and CD31 immunohistochemistry was used to count the number of microvessels to evaluate the angiogenesis (Clinical trial registration number: ChiCTR-INR-17013540). The therapeutic outcomes for all cases included in this study were favorable after a 2-week treatment period, and the wound area was smaller than before. The experimental group exhibited a significantly higher rate of wound healing compared to the control group. In the experimental group as revealed by HE staining, there was a marked reduction in the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the dermis. Masson staining demonstrated that the deposition of collagen fibers in the experimental group was more than the control group. CD31 immunohistochemistry showed an increased number of new blood vessels in the experimental group compared to the control group. Additionally, ECM/SVF-gel extract significantly enhanced the fibroblast proliferation and migration in vitro. The application of ECM/SVF gel combined with VSD in chronic wounds can accelerate wound healing by reducing inflammatory reaction, increasing collagen fiber deposition, and promoting angiogenesis. Therefore, the combination of ECM/SVF gel and VSD can be used as a simple, safe, and effective therapeutic method for chronic wounds.

Application of Modified Skin Stretching for Soft Tissue Defect Reconstruction in the Ankle and Foot: A Retrospective Report.

The failure rate of foot and ankle soft tissue defect reconstruction with flap is relatively high, often posing a significant burden on patients. The aim of this study is to explore the effectiveness of repeated stretch sutures in repairing skin and soft tissue defects of the ankle and foot. Twenty-three patients with ankle and foot skin and soft tissue defects were retrospectively analyzed between February 2016 and February 2019. Sutures were repeatedly stretched every 3-5 days. Local skin grafting was performed if necessary after wound surfaces disappeared or exposed tendons and bones were covered by soft tissue. Wound healing time, postoperative healing area, Vancouver Scar Assessment Scale, sensation, and function of the new skin were evaluated. Healing time was 17-35 (24.43 ± 5.29) days. Ten patients wholly healed, and 13 healed by approximately 70.08% ± 6.59%. The Vancouver Scar Assessment Scale average score was 2.83 ± 1.19 points, of which 15 cases were excellent (0-3 points) and 8 cases were good (4-7 points). The sensation and function of the new skin after repair were equivalent to those of normal skin after the last follow-up. Applying repeated tension sutures on the skin and soft defects of the ankle and foot reduced the skin graft area and decreased complex high-risk surgical flaps' use and transplantation area.

Copper‐infused zinc porphyrin supramolecular polymersomes for triple synergistic combat against wound bacterial biofilm infections

AbstractBacterial biofilm infections (BBI) on wound surfaces and implants pose a significant clinical challenge due to the impermeable nature of biofilms and obstacles in tissue repair. Traditional photothermal therapy (PTT) or chemodynamic therapy (CDT), whether used alone or in combination, often causes damage to surrounding normal tissues from high operating temperatures or elevated levels of reactive oxygen species, leading to unsatisfactory anti‐biofilm effects. This study introduces a novel copper ions loaded zinc porphyrin polymer vesicle (Cu‐PPS) that employs a triple synergistic approach involving PTT, CDT, and bacterial cuproptosis‐like death (BCD). Cu‐PPS exhibits exceptional photothermal efficiency of 51.06%, promoting the release of copper ions under photothermal stimulation, enhancing CDT and BCD effectiveness, and facilitating mature biofilm clearance and tissue repair. This approach achieves a bactericidal rate exceeding 99% and an anti‐biofilm rate of 93.32% in vitro and also excellent efficacy in treating BBI in vivo. This study presents an innovative therapeutic strategy for combating biofilm infections, addressing the challenges encountered in the clinical management of BBI.

Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Healing Properties of the Hydroethanolic Extract of Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam) Pers of the Togolese Flora

Natural herbal remedies have always been important in the management of skin disorders and the treatment of skin infections due to limited access to pharmaceuticals and the affordable cost of herbal products. K. Pinnata is a plant used as a medicinal herb by almost all traditional medicines in tropical Africa. The aim of the present work is to evaluate the antioxidant and healing properties of K. pinnata (Lam) pers extract from Togolese flora. The hydroethanol extract of K. pinnata (Lam) pers was subjected to in vitro antioxidant activity screening models, such as molybdate reduction, iron reduction assay (FRAP) and DPPH radical scavenging assay. A 1.5 cm diameter excision wound model was also used to assess the plant's healing activity. Wistar rats were treated after excision by topical application of vaseline, vaseline supplemented with 3% (EHKP 3%) and 10% (EHKP 10%) hydroethanol extract of K. pinnata (Lam) pers leaves, sulfadiazine (reference), or no treatment (negative control). Total antioxidant activity by the molybdate reduction method was 0.12 ± 0.01 µg EAA/mg EL, while the iron reduction assay (FRAP) showed an antioxidant capacity of 4.21 ± 0.04 mol Eq FeS04/ g extract and 10.17 ± 0.03 mol Eq FeS04/ g extract respectively for extract concentrations of 100 µg/ml and 200 µg/ml. In addition, the extract showed a dose-dependent ability to trap the DPPH radical. Results showed a significant reduction in wound surface area in animals treated with 10% EHKP. The hydroxyproline assay showed a significant difference in collagen production in animals treated with 10% EHKP, compared with the control group (P &lt; 0.001) and the vaseline group (P &lt; 0.01) on the last day. Histological analysis showed rapid re-epithelialization in animals treated with the extracts. Keywords: K. pinnata, Antioxidant activity, Healing activity, Hydroxyproline

Validation and Analysis of the ICESat-2 ATL11 Product: A Case Study of Lake Vostok

Elevation changes are crucial input data for mass balance assessment based on satellite altimetry. However, due to the accuracy limitations of altimetry data and mass conversion models, a significant uncertainty remains in estimating the mass balance of the Antarctic ice sheet, especially in East Antarctica. The ICESat-2 photon altimetry satellite enhances the precision of ice sheet surface elevation measurements to an accuracy of 2–4 cm. This improvement is particularly beneficial for detecting subtle elevation changes in East Antarctica. The ATL11 product from ICESat-2 offers a time series of ice surface elevations across Antarctica, enabling direct calculation of elevation change rates. To evaluate the capability of the ATL11 product in accurately depicting detailed elevation changes within the local terrain, we selected the Vostok Subglacial Lake as the validation region. Our research involves comparing fitted surface elevation change rates with in-situ data, while also considering surface mass balance, wind, and surface elevation to analyze the factors contributing to small differences in elevation changes within the local lake area. This analysis aims to identify the factors contributing to the minor variations in elevation changes within the local lake area. According to our analysis, the Vostok Lake surface elevation change rate is 2.00 ± 0.77 cm yr−1 from April 2019 to June 2023, with an average period of 356 ± 81 days. The results demonstrate that the ATL11 elevation product sequence has the potential to accurately characterize subtle elevation changes and seasonal variations in the Antarctic ice sheet.