Wound Healing Bandages Research Articles

Antimicrobial Potential of Chitosan Films Incorporated with Alcoholic Extract from Mimosa tenuiflora Leaves.

Antimicrobial films were prepared with chitosan containing the methanolic extract of M. tenuiflora leaves (FECT20%, FECT30%, and FECT40%), and their antimicrobial activities were evaluated by agar diffusion. The films were characterized by IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and TG/DTG curves. TG/DTG curves showed thermal stability of chitosan-extract films up to 166 ºC. Micrographs of chitosan-extract films revealed an increase in porosity with the addition of extract. The FECT40% film showed inhibition zone diameters (IZ) againstMicrococcus luteus,Staphylococcus aureus,Bacillus subtilis, andB. cereus, ranging from1.0 ± 0.02 to 0.72 ± 0.09 cm. Only FECT30% and FECT40% inhibitedtheP. aeruginosawith IZs of 0.68 ± 0.02 and 0.77 ± 0.06 cm, respectively. In turn, the extract showed inhibition againstB. subtilisandB. cereus, with IZs values of 0.92 ± 0.2 cm and 0.72 ± 0.05 cm, respectively. Additionally, the crude extract presented antioxidant potential with inhibition percentages of 32.74% ± 0.90 for ABTS and 27.04% ± 1.36 for DPPH.The antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the crude extract, as well as the antimicrobial property of chitosan-extract films, suggests the potential of these biopolymers for the development of wound healing bandages and new food packaging alternatives.

Doxycycline Drug Release Property of Glutaraldehyde Crosslinked Hydrogel.

Delayed wound healing is one of the most common problems associated with diabetic patients. There are several factors associated with delayed wound healing. It has been observed that if not cured the wound healing takes a long time. This is the reason that researchers are engaged in developing sustainable, biodegradable, biocompatible, and effective wound-healing dressings. However, it has been observed that the traditional wound-healing bandages have drawbacks such as allergies and less efficiency in the absorption of wound exudate. To fill the gap, hydrogels have been developed recently which have higher absorption capacity. In addition, they pose slow drug release properties. Therefore, the present study was conducted to prepare an effective and promising hydrogel that has high drug absorption and release properties.

Curcumin loaded as prepared electrospun titania nanofibers for post breast cancer surgeries

In the present study, curcumin-loaded titania nanofibers were synthesized by the conventional sol-gel method via the electrospinning technique using polyvinyl pyrrolidone and characterized via SEM, FTIR, and XRD. Moreover, their contact angle measurement, degradability, water uptake, and mechanical strength were investigated, besides their antibacterial activity, antioxidant activity, sustained drug release, and cytotoxicity against normal cells and breast cancer cell lines. It can be observed that as the concentration of curcumin increased, the mechanical characteristics of the samples were enhanced. The antibacterial results declared that the increase in curcumin concentration enhanced the inhibitory effect against the different pathogens. Moreover, the viability of cells of the normal cell line, seeded on the samples was in the range from 61.4 to 86.5% which indicated its safety on normal cells. However, the cell viability on the cancerous cell line was found to be 33.8, 19.7, 17.9 and 0% for 0, 1, 3, and 5% loaded TiO2/PVP respectively. This lethal effect of the prepared mats on breast cancer cells with nearly no cytotoxic effect on normal cells, favors the usage of the prepared 5% curcumin-loaded TiO2/PVP mat as anticancerous wound healing bandages for postoperative breast cancer surgeries.Graphical

Synthesis, Properties, and Applications of Nanocomposite Materials Based on Bacterial Cellulose and MXene.

MXene exhibits impressive characteristics, including flexibility, mechanical robustness, the capacity to cleanse liquids like water through MXene membranes, water-attracting nature, and effectiveness against bacteria. Additionally, bacterial cellulose (BC) exhibits remarkable qualities, including mechanical strength, water absorption, porosity, and biodegradability. The central hypothesis posits that the incorporation of both MXene and bacterial cellulose into the material will result in a remarkable synthesis of the attributes inherent to MXene and BC. In layered MXene/BC coatings, the presence of BC serves to separate the MXene layers and enhance the material's integrity through hydrogen bond interactions. This interaction contributes to achieving a high mechanical strength of this film. Introducing cellulose into one layer of multilayer MXene can increase the interlayer space and more efficient use of MXene. Composite materials utilizing MXene and BC have gained significant traction in sensor electronics due to the heightened sensitivity exhibited by these sensors compared to usual ones. Hydrogel wound healing bandages are also fabricated using composite materials based on MXene/BC. It is worth mentioning that MXene/BC composites are used to store energy in supercapacitors. And finally, MXene/BC-based composites have demonstrated high electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding efficiency.

EFFECT OF THE HYDRODYNAMIC CONDITIONS FOR SODIUM ALGINATE–PAPAIN COLLOIDAL SYSTEM SYNTHESIS ON THE SORPTION PROPERTIES OF THE BIOCOMPOSITE

The regularities have been studied for the formation of molecular associates upon the introduction of papain into a sodium alginate colloidal solution in the laminar low-speed, transient, and turbulent stirring regimes. The relationship between variations in the sorption capacity of the biopolymer composition and the kinetic regularities of the interphase transfer has been studied during the sorption binding of albumin, which is one of the protein-based components of wound exudates, with such components being subject to ensimatic cleavage. The state of the dispersed phase of the colloidal solutions has been estimated by the dynamic light scattering method. The properties of the formed biopolymer films have been studied using the methods of scanning electron microscopy, low-temperature nitrogen adsorption, and static albumin sorption from solutions of limited volumes. The data of the sorption experiments have been analyzed using the Boyd, Morris–Weber, and gel diffusion models, as well as the Lagergren pseudo-first-order and Ho–McKay pseudo-second-order kinetic models. The data have been obtained for substantiating the dosages of the biopolymermatrix used on wound-healing bandages and for the efficient binding of wound necrotic contamination during the time preset according to the technical requirements.

Polyacrylamide Hydrogel Containing Calendula Extract as a Wound Healing Bandage: In Vivo Test.

Hydrogel is a biomaterial widely used in several areas of industry due to its great biocompatibility and adaptability to biological tissues. In Brazil, the Calendula plant is approved by the Ministry of Health as a medicinal herb. It was chosen to be incorporated in the hydrogel formulation because of its anti-inflammatory, antiseptic and healing effects. This study synthesized polyacrylamide hydrogel containing calendula extract and evaluated its efficiency as a bandage for wound healing. The hydrogels were prepared using free radical polymerization and characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy, swelling analysis and mechanical properties by texturometer. The morphology of the matrices showed large pores and foliaceous structure. In vivo testing, as well as the evaluation of acute dermal toxicity, was conducted using male Wistar rats. The tests indicated efficient collagen fiber production, improved skin repair and no signs of dermal toxicity. Thus, the hydrogel presents compatible properties for the controlled release of calendula extract used as a bandage to promote cicatrization.

Cellulose-based hydrogels towards an antibacterial wound dressing.

Hydrogels are promising candidates for wound healing bandages because they can mimic the native skin microenvironment. Additionally, there is increasing growth in the use of naturally derived materials and plant-based biomaterials to produce healthcare products with healing purposes because of their biocompatibility and biodegradation properties. In this study, cellulose extracted from biodiverse sources in Ecuador was used as the raw material for the fabrication of hydrogels with enhanced antifouling properties. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the cellulose and hydrogels. In vitro and ex vivo tests were performed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of hydrogels against Gram-negative bacteria as a model. Finally, the hydrogel synthesized with cellulose extracted from pitahaya showed improved antibacterial activity when applied over pigskin as a proof of concept for wound dressing. Therefore, the present results suggest that cellulose-based hydrogels are good candidates for application as wound dressings.

Antimicrobial Fibrous Bandage-like Scaffolds Using Clove Bud Oil.

Wounds are characterised by an anatomical disruption of the skin; this leaves the body exposed to opportunistic pathogens which contribute to infections. Current wound healing bandages do little to protect against this and when they do, they can often utilise harmful additions. Historically, plant-based constituents have been extensively used for wound treatment and are proven beneficial in such environments. In this work, the essential oil of clove bud (Syzygium aromaticum) was incorporated in a polycaprolactone (PCL) solution, and 44.4% (v/v) oil-containing fibres were produced through pressurised gyration. The antimicrobial activity of these bandage-like fibres was analysed using in vitro disk diffusion and the physical fibre properties were also assessed. The work showed that advantageous fibre morphologies were achieved with diameters of 10.90 ± 4.99 μm. The clove bud oil fibres demonstrated good antimicrobial properties. They exhibited inhibition zone diameters of 30, 18, 11, and 20 mm against microbial colonies of C. albicans, E. coli, S. aureus, and S. pyogenes, respectively. These microbial species are commonly problematic in environments where the skin barrier is compromised. The outcomes of this study are thus very promising and suggest that clove bud oil is highly suitable to be applied as a natural sustainable alternative to modern medicine.

Optimised release of tetracycline hydrochloride from core-sheath fibres produced by pressurised gyration

In recent years, there has been a surge of interest in the design, processing, and use of core-sheath fibres, especially in the production of wound healing bandages and drug delivery. In this research, a novel core-sheath pressurised gyration technique was utilised to create antibacterial fibre patches (tetracycline hydrochloride, TEHCL) using polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and polycaprolactone (PCL). Antibiotic patches showed uniform fibres with a porous surface giving rise to a biphasic delivery system, which provided an initial burst of 30–48% drug release in the first 24 h followed by a constant rate of release throughout the course of 168 h, suitable for wound-dressings application. The effect of operating parameters on fibre morphology, the influence of the core-sheath structure and drug loading as well as a mathematical modelling was investigated and analysed. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry results demonstrated successful TEHCL encapsulation as well as the presence of both polymers in the core-sheath fibres. The surface morphology of the fibres was studied using scanning electron microscopy and the core-sheath structure was verified using confocal scanning microscopy. Therefore, the core-sheath pressurised gyration method offers an exciting chance to customise fibre patches in a hybrid polymeric system. These advancements are crucial in the world of healthcare to meet demands where antibacterial dressings cannot be produced rapidly or when a personalised approach is necessary.

Bacterial biopolymers: From production to applications in biomedicine

Bacterial polymers obtained tremendous attention over the decades owing to its widespread use in biomedical applications. A better understanding on metabolic pathways and development of improved production strategies through metabolic engineering tools to synthesize tailor made polymer materials to meet their applicability in biomedicine. This review focuses on wide range of these biocompatible polymeric materials include polysaccharides, polyesters, polyamides and polyphosphates with wound healing, antioxidant, antitumor, antimicrobial activities. This review focuses on the advantages of various biomaterials to obtain controlled/sustained drug release and tissue engineering applications in biomedical field and the applications of microbial polysaccharides as drugs in pharmaceutical industry. This review describes the most prominent biomedical applications of bacterial biopolymer material as wound healing bandages, drug delivery, tissue engineering, ortho-dental applications and hydrogels. Reviews the future aspects based on economic feasibility and challenges in mass production and downstream processing of biopolymers and its tailor made synthesis to accomplish diverse applications.

Incorporation of Alginate/Chitosan Nano capsules Loaded with Sesame Oil or Omega-3 Oil in Cellulose Fabrics for Wound Healing Bandage

The present study focused on using the encapsulation technique to obtain functional fabric as a wound-healing bandage. First, the capsules are formed by using Emulsion solvent evaporation method using alginate and chitosan as shell materials and natural oils (Sesame oil and fish oil (OMEGA 3) as a core material. The effects of process parameters such as alginate: chitosan ratio, the effect of surfactant concentration, and the effect of oil concentration were investigated. The formed capsules have been characterized using a particle size analyzer, Transmission Electronic Microscopy (TEM), oil release study to determine their structure, and the optimal parameters were achieved by using alginate: chitosan (5:1), 2% surfactant concentration, and 10% oil concentration. The cellulosic fabric was then treated with capsules solution in the presence and absence of crosslinkers in three different ways. The treated cotton samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), oil release study, antimicrobial activity, and cytotoxicity assessment. It was found that the pad-dry-cure treatment gives the best homogeneous coated layer from capsules on the surface of the fabric and the presence of crosslinkers makes the oil release less than their absence.

Development of chitosan-based bio-composited materials as a potential wound healing bandage in nursing care of caesarean section: In vivo evaluations

Now-a-days wound healing is a complex biological process without suitable natural biomaterials. Majority of wound dressing scaffolds were made of synthetic biomaterials which has least tendency to mimic natural tissues. In addition, the biocompatibility, biodegradation and mechanical strength of a many bio-composite doesn't possess antibacterial property. To overcome this notable properties and performance, we fabricated a unique multifunctional chitosan/gelatin/ZnO based scaffold bio-composite using freeze drying method. The newly developed scaffolds were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscopy. Further, the biological and mechanical properties of porous scaffold had good biocompatibility and tensile strength. As shown in cell viability, cell proliferation and cell adhesion were capable of rapid tissue regeneration process. Also antibacterial, invitro and invivo results revealed the scaffolds had a strong barrier protection. In results, our scaffold bio-composite showed good microporous structure, enhance tissue regeneration and enhance oxygen permeability at wound site.

Yerba Mate Extract in Microfibrillated Cellulose and Corn Starch Films as a Potential Wound Healing Bandage.

Microfibrillated cellulose films have been gathering considerable attention due to their high mechanical properties and cheap cost. Additionally, it is possible to include compounds within the fibrillated structure in order to confer desirable properties. Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil, yerba mate leaf extract has been reported to possess a high quantity of caffeoylquinic acids that may be beneficial for other applications instead of its conventional use as a hot beverage. Therefore, we investigate the effect of blending yerba mate extract during and after defibrillation of Eucalyptus sp. bleached kraft paper by ultrafine grinding. Blending the extract during defibrillation increased the mechanical and thermal properties, besides being able to use the whole extract. Afterwards, this material was also investigated with high content loadings of starch and glycerine. The results present that yerba mate extract increases film resistance, and the defibrillated cellulose is able to protect the bioactive compounds from the extract. Additionally, the films present antibacterial activity against two known pathogens S. aureus and E. coli, with high antioxidant activity and increased cell proliferation. This was attributed to the bioactive compounds that presented faster in vitro wound healing, suggesting that microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) films containing extract of yerba mate can be a potential alternative as wound healing bandages.

Antibacterial properties of a bacterial cellulose CQD-TiO2 nanocomposite

Antibacterial dressing can prevent the occurrence of many infections of wounds. Bacterial cellulose (BC) has the ability to carry and transfer the medicine to achieve a wound healing bandage. In this study, Carbon Quantum Dots-Titanium dioxide (CQD-TiO2) nanoparticles (NP) were added to BC as antibacterial agents. FTIR Spectroscopy illuminated that NPs were well-bonded to BC. Interestingly, MIC test proved that BC/CQD-TiO2 nanostructure (NS) has anti-bacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus. The findings indicated that, CQD-TiO2 NPs have stronger antibacterial properties with better tensile strength compared to CQD NPs, in a concentration-dependent manner. Toxicity of CQD-TiO2 NPs on human L929 fibroblast cells was also evaluated. Most importantly, the results of the scratch test indicated that the NS was effective in wound healing in L929 cells. The approach in this study may provide an alternative to make an antibacterial wound dressing to achieve an effective drug-based bandage.

Natural rubber latex membranes incorporated with three different types of propolis: Physical-chemistry and antimicrobial behaviours

Natural Rubber Latex (NRL) is a biocompatible material with demonstrated capacity to induce vascularisation and tissue regeneration. Propolis is a complex resinous product prepared by Apis mellifera with the aim of protecting beehives against infectious microorganisms. It is flora-dependent and its antimicrobial activity can vary according to its geographical origin. This study compares the incorporation of three different types of propolis into an NRL membrane aiming at optimal controlled release of propolis potential antimicrobial compounds towards Candida albicans whilst keeping NRL mechanical characteristics desirable for wound healing bandage purposes. The propolis samples were classified as red, green and poplar propolis according to their chemical composition determined by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled in series with both UV spectrophotometry and high-resolution mass spectrometry. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) towards C. albicans were determined before their incorporation into NRL membranes. The release of NRL-propolis components in Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) was monitored by UV–Vis spectroscopy. The antimicrobial activity and the effects of the materials released on mouse fibroblasts were assessed. FTIR analyses were carried out in order to verify the formation of new chemical bonds that might prevent the release of propolis components from the NRL membrane. The mechanical characteristics of the NRL membranes remained adequate after the incorporation of the three types of propolis investigated whilst allowing the release of the red, and poplar propolis most active compounds against C. albicans. At 30 and 50% the released materials (eluates) from the NRL membranes incorporated with red and poplar propolis types were not toxic to fibroblast cells. These results suggest that red and poplar propolis can be incorporated into NRL membranes for the preparation of wound healing dressing.

Applications of green synthesized Ag, ZnO and Ag/ZnO nanoparticles for making clinical antimicrobial wound-healing bandages

An expeditious, environmentally-friendly and affordable synthesis of silver (Ag) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles was attained using Prosophis fracta and coffee; ensuing Ag and ZnO nanoparticles were physicochemically characterized by UV–visible spectroscopic, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The green synthesized Ag and ZnO nanoparticles comprise of an average size of about 16 and 26 nm, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of these Ag and ZnO nanoparticles and mixture thereof, Ag/ZnO, were determined on Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa cultures. Cotton wound bandages were impregnated with nanoparticles of Ag and ZnO and mixed Ag/ZnO nanoparticles in the neighborhood of calculated MIC and their antimicrobial activity was studied in vitro; both types of nanoparticles showed a high antibacterial activity of bandages. Antimicrobial effect of bandages impregnated with liquid solution of Ag nanoparticles was more than that observed for ZnO and mixed Ag/ZnO nanoparticles; however, this difference was not very significant. These antibacterial bandages can potentially be used for treating and covering infection-sensitive wounds namely diabetic or burns wounds.

Development of Superhydrophobic Microfibers for Bandage Coatings

In this research work, a fabricated composite fiber is proposed to protect wound surfaces from infectious organisms present in water. The composite fiber comprising PMMA, ZnO, and zinc stearate was developed using an electrospinning technique. The fiber surface was scientifically studied using scanning electron microscope, Energy dispersive analysis of X-rays, powder X-ray diffraction analysis and Fourier transform Infra-Red analysis. The pores present in between perpendicularly aligned fibers serves as an excellent medium for vapor transport to a wound surface. The maximum water contact angle of the developed fiber surface was approximately 151 degrees. A commercial cotton bandage after coated with this composite layer behaves as a perfect barrier to the entry of infectious water towards the wound. The pores in the fiber surface support rich supply of environmental oxygen and transport of exudate vapor from the wound. This fiber when coated over a cotton bandage cloth on one side served as an excellent wound protecting bandage against the penetration of external microbial water and also it admits the air, water vapor etc., towards the interior. Water penetration ability of hydrophilic cotton bandage and the water arresting ability of superhydrophobic fiber coated bandage were evaluated using a facile technique. Furthermore, antimicrobial activity of test samples was evaluated against gram positive and gram negative microorganism. Also, a bacterial infiltration test supports the blocking capability of superhydrophobic fiber to water-borne bacteria. The results obtained through this experiment may be used in future as wound healing bandages in an efficient manner.

Preparation and characterization of bioactive and breathable polyvinyl alcohol nanowebs using a combinational approach

Electrospun polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanowebs treated with a mixture of honey and polyhexamethylene biguanides (PHMBs, commercially available as Reputex 20) were prepared and characterized to evaluate their applicability in wound dressing applications. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to confirm the incorporation of functional moieties from honey and Reputex 20 into electrospun PVA nanowebs. Functionalized PVA nanowebs were characterized by evaluating their antimicrobial properties, moisture vapor transport characteristics (breathability), and tensile properties. PVA nanowebs treated with a mixture of honey and PHMBs have shown good antimicrobial activity. Additionally, functionalized PVA nanowebs have shown adequate breathability characteristics, a much needed attribute in textile materials used in wound dressing applications. Nanowebs fabricated from biocompatible polymers such as PVA, and functionalized in a combinational fashion, could be used in many different biomedical applications, including wound healing bandages and cell or tissue culture scaffolds.

Bioinspired materials for regenerative medicine: going beyond the human archetypes.

The evolution of life has given rise to innumerable biomaterials with high levels of functional sophistication and performance among many thousands of different environments. The inexhaustible range of strategies and the intrinsic good design they possess can be readily included in the design of biomedical devices and materials, such as wound healing bandages and antibacterial surface coating implants. We highlight topical examples where various ingenious design strategies from biological models, originating more broadly from zoology and botany, have been appropriated into novel synthetic materials and structures for regenerative and material-based tissue engineering. Bioinspired materials engineering informed and enriched by the vast array of adaptations and strategies in nature, beyond human biology, will be instrumental in the future evolution of new more clinically acceptable pan-functional materials and structures with a broad range of uses in the regenerative sciences.

Thermal-Responsive Behavior of a Cell Compatible Chitosan/Pectin Hydrogel.

Biopolymer hydrogels are important materials for wound healing and cell culture applications. While current synthetic polymer hydrogels have excellent biocompatibility and are nontoxic, they typically function as a passive matrix that does not supply any additional bioactivity. Chitosan (CS) and pectin (Pec) are natural polymers with active properties that are desirable for wound healing. Unfortunately, the synthesis of CS/Pec materials have previously been limited by harsh acidic synthesis conditions, which further restricted their use in biomedical applications. In this study, a zero-acid hydrogel has been synthesized from a mixture of chitosan and pectin at biologically compatible conditions. For the first time, we demonstrated that salt could be used to suppress long-range electrostatic interactions to generate a thermoreversible biopolymer hydrogel that has temperature-sensitive gelation. Both the hydrogel and the solution phases are highly elastic, with a power law index of close to -1. When dried hydrogels were placed into phosphate buffered saline solution, they rapidly rehydrated and swelled to incorporate 2.7× their weight. As a proof of concept, we removed the salt from our CS/Pec hydrogels, thus, creating thick and easy to cast polyelectrolyte complex hydrogels, which proved to be compatible with human marrow-derived stem cells. We suggest that our development of an acid-free CS/Pec hydrogel system that has excellent exudate uptake, holds potential for wound healing bandages.