Wound Diameter Research Articles

Penyembuhan Luka Bakar Gel Enzim Bromelin Secara In Vivo

Bromelain is a proteolytic enzyme or natural protease found in tissues, including the stem, fruit, and leaves of pineapple (Ananas comosus var. comosus) and other plant species of the Bromeliaceae family. Bromelain is known as an efficient debdriding agent because it is beneficial in burn healing and tissue regeneration. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of bromelain enzyme for burns wounds in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). This research began with the optimization of carbopol 940 base preparations with variations in concentration, namely Formula 1 (F1) for 0,5%, Formula 2 (F2) for 1%, and Formula 3 (F3) for 1,5%. The evaluation of the gel formulation includes an organoleptic test, homogeneity test, pH test, viscosity test, adhesive force test, and spreadability test. The evaluation result indicates the base concentration in Formula 1 (F1) at 0,5% has met the requirements for a gel preparation. Formula 1 (F1) for 0,5, then combined with varying concentration of bromelain, namely Formula 1A (0,1%), Formula 1B (0,5%), and Formula 1C (1%). The gel formulation wa re-evaluated, including an organoleptic test, homogeneity test, pH test, viscosity test, adhesion test, spreadability test, irritation test, and in vivo test. In vivo effectiveness testing and irritation testing were conducted on five treatment groups, namely a positive control group (Bioplacenton®), Formula 1A (0,1%), Formula 1B (0,5%), Formula 1C (1%), and a group without treatment, then observed for 15 days. The observation data were processed using the One Way ANOVA test. Based on the results of the irritation test, Formula 1A (0,1%). Formula 1B (0,5%) and Formula 1C (1%) did not cause skin irritation. In the in vivo test, Formula 1C (1%) indicated the fastest recovery compared to other treatment groups, as evidenced by the decrease in wound diameter and visual observation, where the wound had started to close completely on day 15 of observation.

Clock gene Per2 modulates epidermal tissue repair in vivo.

Wound healing can be influenced by genes that control the circadian cycle, including Per2and BMAL1, which coordinate the functions of several organs, including the skin. The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of PER2 during experimental skin wound healing. Two groups (control and Per2-KO), consisting of 14 male mice each, were anesthetized by inhalation, and two 6 mm wounds were created on their dorsal skin using a punch biopsy. A silicone ring was sutured around the wound perimeter to restrict contraction. The wound healing process was clinically measured daily (closure index) until complete wound repair. On Day 6, histomorphometric analysis was performed using the length and thickness of the epithelial migration tongue, in addition to counting vessels underlying the lesion by immunofluorescence assay and maturation of collagen fibers through picrosirius staining. Bromodeoxyuridine(BrdU) incorporation and quantification were performed using the subcutaneous injection technique 2 h before euthanasia and through immunohistochemical analysis of the proliferative index. In addition, the qualitative analysis of myofibroblasts and periostin distribution in connective tissue was performed by immunofluorescence. Statistically significant differences were observed in the healing time between the experimental groups (means: 15.5 days for control mice and 13.5 days for Per2-KO; p = 0.001). The accelerated healing observed in the Per2-KO group (p < 0.05) was accompanied by statistical differences in wound diameter and length of the migrating epithelial tongue (p = 0.01) compared to the control group. Regarding BrdU immunoreactivity, higher expression was observed in the intact epithelium of Per2-KO animals (p = 0.01), and this difference compared to control was also present, to a lesser extent, at the wound site (p = 0.03). Immunofluorescence in the connective tissue underlying the wound showed a higher angiogenic potential in the Per2-KO group in the intact tissue area and the wound region (p < 0.01), where increased expression of myofibroblasts was also observed. Qualitative analysis revealed the distribution of periostin protein and collagen fibers in the connective tissue underlying the wound, with greater organization and maturation during the analyzed period. Our research showed that the absence of the Per2 gene positively impacts the healing time of the skin in vivo.This acceleration depends on the increase of epithelial proliferative and angiogenic capacity of cells carrying the Per2 deletion.

Phytochemical Profiling and Wound Healing Activity of Gigantochloa apus Liquid Smoke in Mus Musculus.

Rope bamboo (Gigantochloa apus) is traditionally used for medicinal purposes, and extracts from stem leaves and shoots have been shown to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Thus, this study looked at the potential compounds present in and the usefulness of Rope bamboo liquid smoke preparations in the wound healing process in mice. The fingerprinting of the liquid smoke was done by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. In-vivo experiments were conducted to observe the diameter and percentage of wound healing in mice for 14 days using topical formulations containing liquid smoke concentrations of 100%, 50%, 25%, positive control and negative control. Statistical analyses were conducted using the Kruskal-Wallis test and Spearman correlation. The phytochemical fingerprint showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, vitamins, phenols, and lipids. The 100% undiluted liquid smoke accelerated wound healing faster compared to 50% and 25% dilutions. The differences in wound diameters were statistically significant across treatments having a p-value of 0.020 and dose-dependent (p = 0.029). Liquid smoke acceleration of the wound healing process was dose-dependent compared to controls. This dose-dependency indicates that the wound healing effects were probably due to the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities of the elucidated constituents of Rope bamboo liquid smoke.

Effects of Salvia Tomentosa Ointment on Dermal Wound Healing in a Rabbit Model

This study aimed to evaluate the wound healing activity of an ointment containing the hydroethanolic extract of Salvia Tomentosa (S. tomentosa) in a dermal wound model using rabbits. Ointments with concentrations of 2.5% (w/v) and 5% (w/v) were prepared using the hydroethanolic extracts of S. tomentosa. An in vivo excisional wound model was embloyed with New Zealand rabbits (n = 35) to assess the wound healing activity of these ointments. Rabbits were randomly divided into five experimental groups: negative (received no treatment), vehicle (received only the ointment vehicle), positive control (treated with Fitokrem®), and those treated with 2.5% (w/v) and 5% (w/v) S. tomentosa ointments. Wound diameters were measured using calipers on the 4th, 8th, and 14th days, and histopathological examinations were conducted on the 3rd, 7th, and 14th days of treatment. The total phenolic content of the S. tomentosa hydroethanolic extract was determined to be 61.52 ± 2.33 μg of Gallic Acid Equivalents per mg of dry plant material. The total phenolic content and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity of the hydroethanolic extract of Salvia tomentosa were determined spectrophotometrically. In terms of wound closure, both 2.5% and 5% S. tomentosa ointments demonstrated wound healing activity comparable to that of Fitokrem®. In conclusion, S. tomentosa exibits a positive effect on dermal wound healing in rabbits.

UJI AKTIVITAS EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN BIDARA LAUT (Strychnos ligustrina Biume) TERHADAP PENYEMBUHAN LUKA BAKAR PADA KELINCI (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

Burns are damage or loss of skin tissue caused by contact with heat sources such as hot water, fire, chemicals, electricity, friction and radiation. Sea lotus (Strychnos ligustrina Blume) is known to contain compounds that have the potential to heal burns such as flavonoids, saponins and tannins. This study aims to determine the activity of ethanol extract of bidara de mer leaves on burn healing as a function of reduction in burn diameter, wound discoloration, edema and crust formation. This study used 5 Oryctolagus cuniculus that received 4 types of treatment after being induced by hot plate, namely wound I (bioplacenton® gel positive control), wound 2 (HPMC 5% negative control), wound 3 (extract concentration 10%) and wound 4 (concentration of extract 10%) 25%). Apply the test sample to the burns twice a day and observe the condition of the wound daily. Burn healing as a function of wound diameter was determined based on the AUC (Area Under Curve) value and statistically analyzed using SPSS 21.0. The test results showed that the mean AUC value at 10% and 25% concentrations was 0.495 cm/day and 0.532 cm/day, respectively. The results of the statistical analysis showed that the ethanol extract of bidara sea leaves gave significant results compared to the negative control. treatment (HPMC). The conclusion obtained is that the ethanolic extract of sea bidara leaves accelerates the healing process of burns in Oryctolagus cuniculus.

FORMULASI DAN UJI EFEKTIVITAS SEDIAAN GEL EKSTRAK DAUN BAJAKAH KALALAWIT (Uncaria gambir Roxb.) TERHADAP PROSES PENYEMBUHAN LUKA BAKAR PADA MENCIT PUTIH

Burns are tissue loss caused by contact with heat sources. Burns will not only cause skin damage, but also affect the entire body system. Bajakah kalalawit contains polyphenolic compounds. This research aims to design a gel preparation formulation that is effective in the healing process of burn wounds in white mice. The preparation was also tested for its physicochemical characteristics including organoleptic test, homogeneity test, pH test, spreadability and stickiness test and irritation test. The results showed that all formulas were homogeneous and no organoleptic changes occurred after 14 days. The pH range of Bajakah gel is 6.16 – 7.46 which meets the skin's pH requirements. The diameter range of spreading power is between 5-7 cm. The adhesion power of formulas 2 and 3 meets the requirements (&lt;4 seconds). The four formulas did not show irritation in the irritation test. The conclusion of this research is that Bajakah kalalawite extract gel with the composition of Formulas 2 and 3 meets the requirements for physical quality characteristic tests including organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, spreadability, adhesive power and irritation test. The diameter of the burn wound showed that there was a significant difference in treatment compared to the negative control group (p&lt;5%).

Adipose Derived Stem Cell‐Conditioned Media As Alternative of Stem Cell Therapy for Diabetic Wound Healing

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a set of metabolic disorder primarily characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia state, which is linked with several complications including retinopathy, neuropathy, and delayed wound healing. Adipose derived stem cells conditioned media (ADSCs-CM) contains several cytokines, and growth factors that can be used for treatment of diabetes-associated wounds. This study was conducted to explore the therapeutic potential of ADSCs- CM in excisional wound model in diabetic mice. Diabetes was induced in mice through Streptozotocin (STZ). Then, excisional wound splinting model in diabetic mice was developed. Subcutaneous injections of ADSC-CM (pure) and ADSC-CM conjugated with zinc sulphate were applied on the mice wound bed. Wound diameter, weight, and blood glucose levels of all the mice groups were measured at the start and end of the experiment. Additionally, qPCR was performed to analyse the expression level of some crucial genes (MMP-2, NANOG and OCT4) associated with wound healing. Overall, the results showed reduced wound size, blood glucose level, and weight restoration in ADSCs-CM treated mice as compared with control groups. Furthermore, ADSCs-CM also modulated the gene expression of MMP-2, NANOG, and OCT4, contributing to the enhanced wound healing observed in diabetic mice. This suggests ADSC-CM’s potential as an alternative therapeutic option for achieving improved wound healing outcomes in diabetic patients.

In vitro and in vivo studies of Dragon's blood plant (D. cinnabari)-loaded electrospun chitosan/PCL nanofibers: Cytotoxicity, antibacterial, and wound healing activities

The D. cinnabari plant was loaded into the chitosan (Chn)/polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers in two forms: resin (D. cinnabari) and its ethyl acetate fraction. The Chn/PCL, Chn/PCL/D. cinnabari (CPD, 1, 3, and 5 %), and Chn/PCL/ethyl acetate extract D. cinnabari (CPED, 1, 3, and 5 %) showed no toxicity against human dermal fibroblast cells. The lactate dehydrogenase assay results indicated that the toxicity of pour, coated D. cinnabari, and CPED nanofibers were lower than 10 and 15 % after 1 and 3 days, respectively. The antibacterial results showed the inhibition zone for ethyl acetate extract D. cinnabari (ED-3 %), the Chn/PCL-2, and CPED3% nanofibers was 8.1, 7.4, 4.2, 5.1 mm, 12.8, 12.4, 21.7, 17.2 mm, and 24.7, 22.9, 37.1, 30.2 mm against S. aureus, B. subtilis, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa, respectively. The antibacterial activity results showed synergistic effect between the Chn/PCL and ethyl acetate extract D. cinnabari occurred. The diameter of wounds (1.50 × 1.50 cm diameter) made on the dorsal surface of rabbits reduced to 1.50 × 0.70, 0.50 × 0.30, 1.00 × 1.00, 0.60 × 0.50, 0.20 × 0.05, and 0.00 × 0.00 cm in the presence of ordinary gauze dressing, silver sulfadiazine, ED-3 %, Chn/PCL-2, CPD3%, and CPED3%nanofibers, respectively, after 14 days.

Ozonated saline intradermal injection: promising therapy for accelerated cutaneous wound healing in diabetic rats.

The use of ozonized water is gaining importance in medicine due to its effects on hyperglycemia and wound healing mechanisms. This experiment was conducted to assess the impacts of intradermal administration of ozonated water on acute skin wound healing in a diabetic rat model. Sixty-four adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups: an ozonated water group (O3W) and a control group (CG). Experimental diabetes was chemically induced in the rats by the intraperitoneal administration of 60 mg/kg streptozotocin. One week later, full-thickness skin surgical wounds (1 cm2) were created between the two shoulders of the rats under general anesthesia. The wounds were then daily irrigated with normal saline (CG) or intradermally injected with 1 mL of ozonated water at 10 mg/L O3W. Wound healing was evaluated through macroscopic analysis, measuring wound size, diameter, and percentage of contraction rate before wounding and at 3, 7, 9, 12, 14, 18, 21, 24, and 28 days post-wounding. On days 7, 14, 21, and 28 after induction of the wounds, the body weights and blood glucose levels of rats (8 per group) were measured before the rats were euthanized. Moreover, the morphological structure of the tissue, vascular endothelial and transforming growth factor (VEGF and TGF) affinity and gene expression were examined. The O3W group had significantly lower blood glucose levels and wound size and gained body weight. Additionally, epithelial vascularization, stromal edema, TGF, and VEGF gene expression significantly improved in the O3W group. Therefore, ozonated water has the potential to enhance and promote cutaneous wound healing in diabetic rats.

Topical Cream Derived From Hylocereus polyrhizus (Red Dragon Fruit) Extract Accelerates Wound Healing Through Increased Hydroxyproline and Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 Levels: A Pilot Study.

The red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) extract (RDFE) is frequently used for a variety of therapeutic purposes (e.g., boosting the immune system, promoting a healthy gastrointestinal system, improving wound healing). We investigated the effects of a topical cream containing 7.5% RDFE on hydroxyproline and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) levels and wound healing. On Day 0, we divided a total of 36 albino male Wistar rats into two equal groups. Using an 8-mm punch biopsy, we created a circular excision to fascial depth on the back of each rat. On Day 1, we treated the control group (n = 18) with 20 mg of base cream and the RDFE group (n = 18) with 20 mg of 7.5% RDFE cream. We measured hydroxyproline and FGF-2 levels in the wound tissue using an ELISA method on Days 3, 7, and 14. We found that on Day 3, hydroxyproline levels were significantly lower in the treatment group than in the control group (p = .031). We also found a significant correlation between FGF-2 levels in the treatment group and wound diameter (p = .02). On the basis of the results of this study, we concluded that using a topical cream containing 7.5% RDFE has the potential to accelerate wound healing by increasing levels of hydroxyproline and FGF-2 in the wound.

Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy Using Zinc Phthalocyanine Nanoemulsion Against Infected Wounds in Diabetic Rats

Background: Chronic diabetic infections commonly involve highly antibiotic-resistant pathogens, such as Staphylococcus aureus and streptococci. This study aimed to assess the impact of zinc (Zn) phthalocyanine incorporated into nanoemulsions on diabetic wound infections. Methods: Thirty-six adult male rats were divided into control, diabetic wound, diabetic wound infected with S. aureus, and three diabetic wound infected with S. aureus groups, which were treated with laser, medication, and a combination of medication and laser therapy. After the treatment period, wound diameter was measured, and blood samples and wound tissue were collected to evaluate antioxidant factors. Results: The results demonstrated a significant reduction in wound diameter in the group treated with both the drug and laser compared to the other groups. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX), along with the concentration of glutathione (GSH) in the blood of all groups, exhibited a significant decrease in comparison to the control group. However, the activity of these factors in both blood and tissue showed a noteworthy increase in the rats treated with both the drug and laser, as opposed to diabetic rats infected with S. aureus. Conclusion: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) for infectious wounds, employing nanoemulsions containing Zn phthalocyanine, appears to enhance the body’s antioxidant system by eradicating bacteria and, ultimately, expediting wound healing. This approach may be considered a potential candidate for treating antibiotic-resistant infections.

Formulasi Sediaan Gel Ekstrak Daun Alpukat (Persea americana Mill.) Sebagai Terapi Pengobatan Luka Bakar Terhadap Kelinci New Zeland White

Researched on burn wounds healing activity of extract of avocado leaft (Persea americana Mill.) in gel preparation forms were tested on rabbits New Zeland White. This study aimed to determine variations effect of concentration in gel extract of avocado leaft for the treatment of burn wounds in rabbits which had been wounded using hot metal. In this study, avocado leaft extract was obtained through maceration method and formulated into gel preparations with concentration of 1%, 2% and 5%. Gel base was used as a negativ control, namely carbomer 940 and Bioplacenton® gel was used as a positive control, applied to burns on the back of New Zeland White rabbits with a diameter of 1,5 cm. The avocado leaft extract gel activity test was carried out on 3 rabbit, each formulation was replicated 3 times and wound diameter measurements were taken on each day. Data on the percentage of burn wound healing was statistically analyzed using One Way ANOVA method. The result of the data analysis at a concentration of 5% obtained a sig value &lt;0,05. Based on One Way ANOVA analysis of the five treatments, the most effective was avocado leaft extract gel with a concentration of 5%.

EFFECTIVENESS ANTI-INFLAMMATORY OF SUNGKAI LEAF (Peronema canescens Jack.) ETHANOL EXTRACT ON MALE RABBIT (Oryctolagus cuniculus)”

Sungkai leaves are medicinal plants used empirically by the people of Bengkulu, often found in the tropical rainforests of Bengkulu province. Sungkai leaf secondary metabolites include flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and steroids/triterpenoids. Flavonoid compounds have hundreds of bioactivities including antipyretic, analgesic, antidiabetic, anticholesterol and anti-inflammatory. The aim of this study was to obtain a new drug that has effectiveness as an anti-inflammatory from ethanol extract of Sungkai leaves (Peronema canescens Jack) n male rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) The study used an experimental method using male rabbits as experimental animals. The samples were divided into 5, namely negative control, positive control, and 2%, 4%, and 6% bioplacenton and sungkai leaf extract. Each group was subjected to 2nd degree burns.”Measurements were taken every day for 8 days after injury. The results of the study proved that there was a decrease in wound diameter from Sungkai leaf extract, on average at a concentration of 2% it decreased by 64% and at a concentration of 66% it decreased by an average of 13.3% and at a concentration of 6% it decreased by an average of 78,67%. Based on the statistical results of the analisis of variance test, there is a significant difference. Keywords: Sungkai leaf extract, anti-inflammatory, Bioplacentone

The Use of Urinary Bladder Matrix for Reconstructing Avulsed Traumatic Soft Tissue Injuries to the Maxillofacial Region.

The purpose of the study was to provide an overview of our initial experience utilizing urinary bladder matrix (UBM) for reconstructing avulsed injuries resulting from trauma. This retrospective case series evaluated patients presented with avulsed soft tissue injuries to the head and neck who underwent reconstruction with UBM. Patients were treated by Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Service in Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center (Baton Rouge, LA). Descriptive variables were collected. Descriptive statistics were calculated. Eight patients (mean age 55.8y) met our inclusion criteria. Wounds were located in the scalp (n=2, 25%), mandible (n=2, 25%), upper eyelid (n=1, 12.5%), cheek (n=1, 12.5%), nose (n=1, 12.5%), or neck (n=1, 12.5%). The depth of the wound extended from the skin to the subcutaneous tissue (n=1, 12.5%), muscle (n=2, 25%), bone (n=3, 37.5%), and/or cartilage (n=1, 12.5%). The mean wound diameter was 47.9cm 2 (range 17-85cm 2 ). Wounds were classified as acute (n=6, 75%) or chronic wounds (n=2, 25%). At 6 months, all patients had achieved complete healing with no need for additional surgical procedures (n=8, 100%) with a mean healing time of 36.5 days (range 14-90d). Urinary bladder matrix minimize donor-side morbidity, eliminates contraction, and offers a wide range of product sizes to cover a wide range of maxillofacial soft tissue defects in a single-stage manner.

Test of the effectiveness of white goroho banana weevil extract gel preparation (Musa acuminafe, sp) against the healing of white rat burns (Rattus nornvegicus)

Natural wealth has a variety of herbal plants, plants that are included in it efficacious as medicine. Traditional medicine, is an ingredient or herb that is usually used as traditional medicine and is used to accelerate the healing of diseases, one of the plants used to accelerate wound healing is the white goroho banana weevil (Musa acuminafe, sp). This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of banana weevil gel preparations against healing burns in white rats (Rattus norvegicus). The test animals used were 15 rats. A burn of 2.5 cm was made on the back of the mouse using metal coins. The method used in this study is in the form of laboratory experiments. This study used a Complete Randomized Design (RAL) consisting of 5 treatments, including 1 negative control, 1 positive control (bioplacenton), and 3 stratified concentrations, namely 5% concentration gel, 10% concentration gel and 15% concentration gel with 3 repetitions each. The treatment is carried out for 14 days. The results of measuring wound diameter in rats based on the results showed that banana weevil extract gel concentration of 15% provided a healing effect more effective than other extracts.

THE APPLICABLE VALUE OF 3D MODELING IN THE ASPECT OF FORENSIC MEDICAL DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSTICS OF THE TYPE OF A TRAUMATIC TOOL IN INJURIES FROM FIREARMS AND APPROXIMATE TO IT BY ITS CHARACTERISTICS

Implementation of up-to-date evidenced-based research methods is rather important in the process of conducting forensic expertise. One of them is 3D-modeling of body injuries of various genesis. The method has been widely applied into theory and practice of forensic medicine both by Ukrainian and foreign scientists. The article demonstrates new possibilities during making differential diagnostics of a traumatic tool type, which become informative due to the application of 3D modeling in the process of examination of injuries from firearms or other weapon approximate to it by its characteristics.&#x0D; Aim of the work. To improve the process of forensic differential diagnostics of the type of a traumatic tool by means of 3D-modelling of body injuries caused by small-caliber firearms or other weapon approximate to it by its characteristics, to create opportunities for the implementation of 3D-modelling techniques in the everyday practical work of forensic medical experts and forensic criminologists with the possibility of further adding the obtained results to the materials of criminal proceedings.&#x0D; Materials and methods. The material of the research was the results of experimental study when fired from small-caliber firearms and a gun for firing Flaubert cartridges. At the same time, measurements were made both by traditional measuring technique and in the process of 3D-modeling of the entrance gunshot wound on the skin of a pig and on the side of the subcutaneous fat tissue and the wound channel at its various intervals in ballistic plasticine Roma Plastilina №1, produced in the USA, used for ballistic tests according to NIJ, HOSDB standards. The results obtained were processed by means of the common methods of variation statistics applicable in medicine.&#x0D; Results. The study presents the major parameters and determines interdependence between the parameters when fired from a gun for firing Flaubert cartridges and small-caliber firearms, and morphological signs of gunshot injuries. Direct moderate and strong correlations are found between the initial speed, kinetic and specific energy of the bullet, and the length of the wound channel, diameter of the entrance wound, diameter of the wound channel in its middle portion and on exit measured by means of traditional measuring methods and those discovered in the process of their 3D-modeling (р≤0,05).&#x0D; Conclusions. The use of modern 3D-modeling techniques in the practice of forensic medical examination makes it possible to create 3D-models of both individual components of gunshot damage and the wound channel as a whole.&#x0D; At the same time, it becomes possible to study individual elements of gunshot damage and measure their sizes with significantly increased accuracy, store and re-analyze them if necessary.&#x0D; As a result, we get an improvement in the process of performing forensic medical examinations in cases of gunshot injuries with the possibility of conducting differential diagnosis of the type of traumatic projectile, studying new signs of gunshot injuries, increasing the visibility and objectivity of forensic medical conclusions during such examinations.

Unhealing Wounds, The Choice of Surgery When Conventional Procedures Fail

Introduction: Wounds that cannot be treated with conventional wound care procedures or those that do not sufficiently get smaller with 6 weeks of treatment are usually considered for reconstructive procedures. The present study reviews surgical procedures based on the reconstructive ladder used for the treatment of difficult wounds that contain cavities or are located on vital organs or tissues and do not heal with standard wound care. This review, which highlights that using conventional techniques in such wounds may be a waste of time and money, is intended to guide health professionals dealing with difficult wounds.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: Between 2018-2023, 37 patients with full thickness wounds due to various etiologies were retrospectively investigated. The etiologies, associated comorbidities, the timing and choice of surgical techniques were reviewed. The wounds which have not demonstrated a decrease in wound diameter with conventional wound care in 6 weeks were included in the study in the study.&#x0D; Results: The mean age of patients was 56.11(32-80) and the sex was male predominantly (%75). The number of surgeries were between 1 and 3 (mean 2). The length of hospital stay after surgery was 3- 7 days (mean 4.2). Surgical wound infection (7), flep failure(3), hematom (2) were seen as complications.&#x0D; Conclusions: Full thickness wounds with deep cavities and wounds over vital structures usually do not respond to conventional wound care efficiently. Wound care specialist should be able to decidewhen to refer or perform surgery the the patients for wound care. In wounds where wound closure is not possible with wound care alone, the patient should be delivered to the most ideal method as soon as possible, taking into account surgical complications.

HOXA3 accelerates wound healing in diabetic and aged non-diabetic mammals

Chronic wounds are characterized by a persistent, hyper-inflammatory environment that prevents progression to regenerative wound closure. Such chronic wounds are especially common in diabetic patients, often requiring distal limb amputation, but occur in non-diabetic, elderly patients as well. Induced expression of HoxA3, a member of the Homeobox family of body patterning and master regulatory transcription factors, has been shown to accelerate wound closure in diabetic mice when applied topically as a plasmid encased in a hydrogel. We now provide independent replication of those foundational in vivo diabetic wound closure studies, observing 16% faster healing (3.3 mm wounds vs 3.9 mm wounds at Day 9 post original injury of 6 mm diameter) under treatment with observable microscopic benefits. We then expand upon these findings with minimal dose threshold estimation of 1 μg HoxA3 plasmid delivered topically at a weekly interval. Furthermore, we observed similarities in natural wound healing rates between aged non-diabetic mice and young diabetic mice, which provided motivation to test topical HoxA3 plasmid in aged non-diabetic mice. We observed that HoxA3 treatment achieved complete wound closure (0 mm diameter) at 2 weeks whereas untreated wounds were only 50% closed (3 mm wound diameter). We did not observe any gross adverse effects macroscopically or via histology in these short studies. Whether as a plasmid or future alternative modality, topical HoxA3 is an attractive translational candidate for chronic wounds.

Uji Penyembuhan Luka Bakar Gel Enzim Bromelin Menggunakan Carbopol 940 Secara In Vivo

Bromelain is a proteolytic enzyme or natural protease found in tissues, including the stem, fruit, and leaves of pineapple (Ananas comosus var. comosus) and other plant species of the Bromeliaceae family. Bromelain is known as an efficient debdriding agent because it is beneficial in burn healing and tissue regeneration. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of bromelain enzyme for burns wounds in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). This research began with the optimization of carbopol 940 base preparations with variations in concentration, namely Formula 1 (F1) for 0,5%, Formula 2 (F2) for 1%, and Formula 3 (F3) for 1,5%. The evaluation of the gel formulation includes an organoleptic test, homogeneity test, pH test, viscosity test, adhesive force test, and spreadability test. The evaluation result indicates the base concentration in Formula 1 (F1) at 0,5% has met the requirements for a gel preparation. Formula 1 (F1) for 0,5, then combined with varying concentration of bromelain, namely Formula 1A (0,1%), Formula 1B (0,5%), and Formula 1C (1%). The gel formulation wa re-evaluated, including an organoleptic test, homogeneity test, pH test, viscosity test, adhesion test, spreadability test, irritation test, and in vivo test. In vivo effectiveness testing and irritation testing were conducted on five treatment groups, namely a positive control group (Bioplacenton®), Formula 1A (0,1%), Formula 1B (0,5%), Formula 1C (1%), and a group without treatment, then observed for 15 days. The observation data were processed using the One Way ANOVA test. Based on the results of the irritation test, Formula 1A (0,1%). Formula 1B (0,5%) and Formula 1C (1%) did not cause skin irritation. In the in vivo test, Formula 1C (1%) indicated the fastest recovery compared to other treatment groups, as evidenced by the decrease in wound diameter and visual observation, where the wound had started to close completely on day 15 of observation.

FORMULASI DAN UJI EFEKTIVITAS SEDIAAN KRIM EKSTRAK DAUN KELOR (Moringaoleifera) TERHADAP PENYEMBUHAN LUKA BAKAR PADA TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN (Rattus novergicus)

Burns are iinjuries ito ithe iskin ior iother iorganic itissue imainly icaused iby iheat ior idue ito iradiation, ifriction ior icontact iwith ichemicals. i iOne iof ithe iplants ithat ihave ithe ipotential ias ia iburn itreatment iis iMoringa ileaves. i iIn iMoringa i(Moringaoleifera) ileaves, iflavonoid ichemical icompounds ican iact idirectly ias iantibiotics iby iinterfering iwith ithe ifunction iof imicroorganisms isuch ias iburns. Objective to idetermine ithe imost ieffective iconcentration iof iMoringa i(Moringaoleifera) ileaf iethanol iextract ifor ihealing iburns iin imale iwhite irats. Methodirats ithat ihave ibeen ianesthetized iwith ilidocaine imuscularly. i Wounds iin rats iwere imade iby iattaching ia iheated i1 ix i1 icm istainless iplate. i iOn ithe ibacks iof irats iwhose ifur ihas ibeen ishaved iand iaffixed ito ithe iplate ifor i30 iseconds ito iform iblisters ior iburns, ithen ithe ipositive icontrol iconcentration igroup iis iapplied iwith ibioplacenton, ithe inegative icontrol iis ismeared iwith icream ibase, iand ithe itest igroup iis ismeared iwith iconcentrated iMoringa ileaf iextract icream i5%, i10% iand i.15%. i iThe ismearing iof iall itreatment igroups iwas icarried iout ievenly i3 itimes ievery iday, iobserving ichanges iin iburns ifor i14 idays. \ Results ithere iwas ia ireduction iin iburn ilength iat ieach iconcentration. i iThe ipositive icontrol ishowed ithe ifastest ireduction ievery iday ibecause iit icontained placenta extract and neomycin sulfate, in the negative control the wound healing was quite long from the wound diameter because it only used a cream base that did not contain nutritious substances. And at a concentration of 15% faster in the wound healing process. Conclusion:Moringa leaf ethanol extract at a concentration of 15% was the most effective in healing burns in male white rats compared to concentrations of 5% and 10%.