Rate Of Wound Contraction Research Articles

Singular and Combined Healing Activity of Aqueous Extract of Artemisia Jordanica and Achillea Fragrantissima in Rabbit’s Incision, Excision and Burn Models.

Context: Treating wounds of various ailments is a large part of the public health care budget. The Artemisia jordanica (Aj) and Achillea fragrantissima (Af) plants are folk medicinal plants that are still increasingly used to treat wounds by healers. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the activity and wound healing by using the singular and combined aqueous extracts of both herbs Aj and Af. Wound healing activity was followed through excision, incision, and burn wound models. Methods: Animals were divided into eight groups (n = 8), each group was divided into two sub-groups (n = 4), one for incision and the second for both excision and burn models. Groups were treated with either 5% or 10% w/w of combined or single herb(s). Betadine and petroleum gel were used as positive and negative control, respectively. Wound contraction rate, tensile strength, period of epithelization and histological transformations were used as scores to evaluate the effect of treatments on wound healing in wounds models. Results and discussion: Wound healing activity of 10% combined aqueous extracts of (Aj-Af) has shown a worthy attainment which has evidenced by inducement of tensile strength on the 22.1 ± 1.34 day of the treatment as compared with positive control on the 21.8 ± 0.73 day of the treatment. The wound contraction rate was occurred on the 17.4 ± 0.7 day of the treatment (p < 0.05) compared with positive and negative control on the 18.5 ± 0.14 and 24.5 ± 0.7 days of the treatment, respectively. Histological observation indicates that the wounds treated with 10% Aj-Af extract have showed thickening of epidermis and formation of granulation tissue with more prominent collagenation and blood vessels formation. Conclusions: Singular and combined aqueous extracts of Aj and Af exhibited good healing activities compared with negative and positive control (p < 0.05). Both singular and combined extracts induced significant healing markings; tensile strength, wound contraction rate, granulation and collagenation compared with negative and positive controls. Moreover, healing potential activity of combined extract (mainly 10%) revealed better marginal healing activity regarding single-herb use.

Wound Healing and Antioxidant Properties of 80% Methanol Leaf Extract of Verbascum sinaiticum (Scrophulariaceae): An Ethiopian Medicinal Plant.

Wounds account for severe morbidity, socioeconomic distress, and mortality around the globe. For several years, various herbal products are used to expedite and augment the innate wound healing process. In Ethiopian folkloric medicine, Verbascum sinaiticum L. (V. sinaiticum) is commonly applied as a wound-healing agent. The present study investigated the potential wound healing and antioxidant properties of hydroalcoholic leaf extract of V. sinaiticum. The 80% methanol extract, formulated as 5% (w/w) and 10% (w/w) ointments, was evaluated in excision and incision wound models using nitrofurazone and simple ointment as positive and negative controls, respectively. Parameters such as wound contraction, period of epithelialization, and tensile strength were determined. Moreover, its in vitro antioxidant property was evaluated using a DPPH assay. In the excision model, both doses (5% and 10% w/w) of the extract showed a significant (p < 0.001) wound healing efficacy compared to the negative control as evidenced by enhanced wound contraction rate and shorter epithelialization time records. In the incision model, the lower dose (5% w/w) ointment formulation of the extract exhibited the maximum increment in tensile strength (85.6%) that was significant (p < 0.001) compared to negative and untreated controls. Animals treated with 5% w/w ointment, furthermore, showed a significantly (p < 0.05) higher percentage of tensile strength than nitrofurazone treated ones. Moreover, the hydroalcoholic extract of the plant showed a noticeable free radical scavenging property. The result of the present study upholds the folkloric use of V. sinaiticum in the treatment of wounds.

Effects of resveratrol topical ointment on wound healing of full-thickness cutaneous burns in albino rats.

In this study, the effects of resveratrol topical ointment on wound contraction and histopathology of full-thickness cutaneous burn wounds were evaluated. Adult albino rats were grouped into four equal-sized groups of 15 rats each, as follows: Group A-no wound, no treatment (control); Group B-1% silver sulphadiazine; Group C-5% resveratrol, and Group D-wound without treatment (control). A burn wound measuring 23.5mm was created on the skin at the dorsum of all rats in groups B-D after shaving. The percentage of wound contraction was measured using a digital Vernier Caliper on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, 16, 18 and 21, post-wounding. From each group, five rats were then euthanised and tissue samples of the skin, liver and kidney were collected in 10% buffered formalin for histopathology. The percentage of wound contraction was significant (p<0.05) on 7, 14 and 18 days post treatment. Histopathologically, 5% resveratrol topical ointment application resulted in a thicker epidermis with neovascularisation and an increased collagen distribution. Resveratrol topical ointment ameliorated the extent of hepatocellular and nephrotubular injuries following burn-induced hepatocellular and acute kidney injuries. In this study, topical application of 5% resveratrol ointment appeared to enhance burn wound healing by increasing the rate of wound contraction through collagen fibre synthesis, granulation tissue formation and epithelial regeneration.

Evaluation of Wound Healing and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Hydroalcoholic Leaf Extract of Clematis simensis Fresen (Ranunculaceae).

IntroductionClematis simensis is one of the most widely used medicinal plant for the treatment of wound traditionally. However, its claim was not scientifically tested, the current study therefore assessed the anti-inflammatory and wound healing properties of 80% methanol leaf extract of C. simensis.MethodsThe dried and powdered leaf of C. simensis was macerated with 80% methanol. The topical ointment was then made in two concentrations (5% and 10% w/w), and two models, excision and incision, were used to test the extract’s capacity to treat wounds in mice. In addition, anti-inflammatory test was also conducted using carrageenan-induced hind paw edema model in three doses (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) in rats. The DPPH test was used to determine the extract’s anti-oxidant properties where ascorbic acid was used as standard agent.ResultsWhen wounds were treated with ointments containing 5% and 10% (w/w) extract, the rate of wound contraction, the length of time it took for the epithelium to form, and the strength of the skin to break were all significantly increased (p < 0.05). There was no discernible difference in wound healing activity between the 10% (w/w) and 5% (w/w) extracts. Moreover, they had also similar impact as that of the positive control nitrofurazone in wound healing activity. Compared to the negative control, C. simensis extract considerably (p < 0.01-p < 0.001) reduced inflammation. The extract also demonstrated antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 0.7 mg/mL for the extract and 1.04 mg/mL for ascorbic acid, respectively.ConclusionOverall, it is plausible to draw the conclusion that C. simensis 80% methanol extract possesses wound healing activity, perhaps as a result of its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.

Experimental study on effect of Plantago lanculata leaves extract on contaminated excisional wound healing in rabbits

Objective: The experimental study was performed to assessment the influence of topical application of 10% of plantago lanceolata leaves extract (PLLE) in enhancement of contaminated excisional wound in 20 adult local breed rabbits. Methodology: Twenty adult local breed male rabbits were used in this experimental study. After animals anesthetized then twenty surgical excisional wound in diameter (2cm) were created on thoracic region (1wound\side). Rabbits were divided into control group in which wounds on right side were treated by irrigation with normal saline once \daily. Whereas, in treated group wounds on left side treated by topical application of 10% PLLE ointment (once\day). All wounds were dressing. The healing process was evaluated through macroscopic examination, wound contraction rate (WCR) and histopathological examination. Result: The presence study confirm there were significantly different at (P≤0.05) were registered between control and treated group along the time of study in which PMLE play accelerating role since it used.

ASSESSMENT OF WOUND HEALING ACTIVITY OF POTENT HERBAL EXTRACTS GEL IN ALBINO WISTAR RAT

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to formulate and determine the wound healing activity of gel containing the blend of potent herbal extracts from various plants such as Curcuma longa L., Tridax procumbens L., and Jatropha curcas L. Methods: The crude extracts were obtained by the Soxhlet extraction and maceration method. Preliminary phytochemical screening was done for all extracts. Two different concentrations of extract gels (HF1 and HF2) were prepared using Carbopol 934 as a gel base. Prepared gels were further evaluated for different parameters such as appearance, pH, viscosity, spreadability, extrudability, skin irritation test, and stability studies. Excision wound model used to determine wound healing activity in albino Wistar rat. Animals were divided into four groups and each group contains six animals (n=6). Soframycin was used as a standard treatment. Prepared formulations were applied to wounds for all 14 days of study. Wound contraction rate was measured at specified day’s intervals during the study. Results: Preliminary phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of the bioactive phytoconstituents. Both the gel formulations showed good gelling properties and homogeneity. The pH of both gels lies in the normal pH range of human skin and there is no skin irritation. Formulations were found within the specified limit in stability studies. The obtained results of wound contraction rate were higher in Group IV which was treated with HF2 gel formulation compared to the control group (*p&lt;0.05). Conclusion: It was concluded that the prepared herbal gel formulation shows a promising wound healing effect compared to synthetic medicament.

Wound Healing, Anti-inflammatory and Antibacterial Activities of 80% Methanol Leaf Extract of Vernonia leopoldi (Sch. Bip. Ex Walp.) Vatke in Mice

The leaf of Vernonia leopoldi (Sch. Bip. Ex Walp.) Vatke has been used traditionally for the treatment of wounds. However, literature is scanty on experimental wound healing activity of the plant. The objective of this study was to investigate the wound healing activity of the 80% methanol extract of V. leopoldi leaves in mice. Wound healing activity was investigated using excision and incision wound models. The extract was studied for wound healing activity by formulating a topical ointment using two concentrations (5% and 10% w/w). Simple ointment base (negative control) and 0.2% nitrofurazone (w/v) ointment (positive control) were used for comparison of wound healing activity. The wound contraction, period of epithelialization and tensile strength were evaluated. In addition, anti-inflammatory activity was tested at doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg using carrageenan hind paw oedema model. In vitro antibacterial activity was also assessed using agar well diffusion technique at concentrations of 50 - 500 µg/µl against both Gram- positive and Gram-negative bacteria that are associated with wound infections. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the extract were determined. Treatment of wound with ointment containing 5% and 10% (w/w) methanol extract exhibited significantly increased (p &lt; 0.05) wound contraction rate, shorter epithelialization time, and higher skin breaking strength as well as increased collagen deposition, fibroblast proliferation and vascularization as evidenced by histopathological analysis. The 10% (w/w) extract ointment showed better wound healing activity than the 5% ointment and its effect was comparable to that of nitrofurazone. The extract also produced dose-dependent significant reductions (p &lt; 0.01 - 0.001) of inflammation as compared to the control. The extract also displayed better antibacterial activity on Gram-positive than Gram-negative organisms. From the results, it can be concluded that the 80% methanol extract of V. leopoldi is endowed with wound healing, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities.

Wound healing efficacy of novel ayurveda formulation- Pentabark Kashaya: In wistar rats using excision wound model- an in vivo study

BackgroundWound healing plays a major concern in the field of surgery as it requires uneventful healing. Management aims towards prevention of infection and to accelerate healing. Acharya Sushruta has given more emphasis on Vrana (wound) and its chikitsa (treatment). Many antiseptic agents which prevent infection are widely used but have no role in accelerating the healing process and are cytotoxic, deleterious to wound healing. In this regard an innovative polyherbomineral formulation Pentabark Kashaya (PK)was formulated to assess acute dermal toxicity and woundhealing activity. ObjectiveTo explore the wound healing efficacy of novel Ayurveda Formulation i.e Pentabark Kashaya in Wistar rats using the excision wound model. Materials and methodAcute dermal toxicity study was carried out on five female Wistar rats by following the OECD guideline 434 and signs of toxicity were assessed for the period of 14 days. Wound healing activitywas assessed on the excision wound model. 18 male Wistar rats were procured for the study and divided into three groups (n = 6 in each group). The test group was treated with application of PK, standard group with Povidone iodine solution 5% and control group with distilled water. The parameters assessed were epithelialization period, wound contraction rate, wound closure day and swab test for microbial load for the period of 21 days. Statistical analysis was done by using one way ANOVA and Tukeys HSD to assess changes in between three groups at each time point. ResultsNo signs of acute dermal toxicity were seen, which proved that PK is safe for application. Significant results were seen in the parameters of wound healing like period of epithelialization and wound closure day. Percentage of wound contraction rate was increased in test group when compared to other groups. Histopathology of skin showed marked changes in re-epithelialization, dermal fibroblast, dermal fibrocytes in test group when compared to control group. ConclusionPK is safe for application and it is effective in wound healing.Clinical Trial Registration No.: Not applicable.

Preparation, Characterization of Pregabalin and Withania coagulans Extract-Loaded Topical Gel and Their Comparative Effect on Burn Injury.

The current study depicts the comparative effects of nanogel using Withania coagulans extract, pregabalin alone, and a co-combination gel. The gels prepared were then analyzed for conductivity, viscosity, spread ability, globule size, zeta potential, polydispersity index, and TEM. The globule size of the co-combination gel, determined by zeta sizer, was found to be (329 ± 0.573 nm). FTIR analysis confirms the successful development of gel, without any interaction. Drug distribution at the molecular level was confirmed by XRD. DSC revealed no bigger thermal changes. TEM images revealed spherical molecules with sizes of 200 nm for the co-combination gel. In vivo studies were carried out by infliction of third degree burn wounds on rat skin, and they confirmed that pregabalin and Withania coagulans heals the wound more effectively, with a wound contraction rate of 89.95%, compared to remaining groups. Anti-inflammatory activity (IL-6 and TNF-α), determined by the ELISA technique, shows that the co-combination gel group reduces the maximum inflammation with TNF-α value (132.2 pg/mL), compared to the control (140.22 pg/mL). Similarly, the IL-6 value was found to be (78 pg/mL) for the co-combination gel and (81 pg/mL) in the case of the control. Histopathologically, the co-combination gel heals wounds more quickly, compared to individual gel. These outcomes depict that a co-combination gel using plant extracts and drugs can be successfully used to treat burn injury.

L-Glutamic acid loaded collagen chitosan composite scaffold as regenerative medicine for the accelerated healing of diabetic wounds

Diabetic wounds (DWs) are characterized by prolonged inflammation, which poses a significant challenge for clinicians and researchers to promote healing. In this study, we fabricate L-Glutamic acid (LGA) loaded collagen/chitosan (COL-CS) composite scaffold for the accelerated healing of DW. The characterization outcomes of the composite scaffold revealed that a crosslinked scaffold holds optimum porosity, low matrix degradation, and sustained drug release in contrast to a non-crosslinked scaffold. In vitro , LGA composite scaffolds have not exhibited any toxicity on 3T3L1 cell lines. In vivo , the LGA composite scaffold has shown significantly (p < 0.001), higher rates of wound contraction than those in control and COL-CS scaffold treated groups. In addition, MMP-9 levels were also significantly reduced in LGA composite scaffold-treated group compared with those in the control and COL-CS scaffold treated group. Thus, the LGA composite scaffold may serve as a promising therapy in DW due to its unique modulatory effect on inflammatory biomarker MMP-9.

Fluoxetine Ecofriendly Nanoemulsion Enhances Wound Healing in Diabetic Rats: In Vivo Efficacy Assessment.

Impaired diabetic wound healing is a major concern for health care professionals worldwide, imposing an intense financial burden and reducing the quality of life of patients. A dysregulation of this process can be responsible for the development of intractable ulcers and the formation of excessive scars. Therefore, the identification of novel pharmacological strategies able to promote wound healing and restore the mechanical integrity of injured tissue becomes essential. In the present study, fluoxetine ecofriendly nanoemulsion (FLX-EFNE) was prepared and its potential efficacy in enhancing wound healing was tested in diabetic rats. The Box–Behnken response surface design was used to select the optimized formulation that was prepared by the high-shear homogenization-based technique. A Zetasizer was used for the characterization of the optimized formulation, providing a FLX-EFNE with a globule size of 199 nm. For the in vivo study, a wound was induced by surgical methods, and diabetic rats (streptozotocin-induced) were divided into five groups: untreated control, vehicle-treated, FLX, FLX-EFNE, and positive control receiving a commercially available formula. The treatment continued from the day of wound induction to day 21. Then, the animals were sacrificed and skin tissues were collected at the site of wounding and used for biochemical, histopathological, immunohistochemical, and mRNA expression assessments. In the FLX-EFNE treated group, the rate of wound contraction and signs of healing were significantly higher compared to all other groups. In addition, angiogenesis, proliferation, and collagen deposition were enhanced, while oxidative stress and inflammation decreased. The present data highlight the enhanced wound healing activity of the optimized FLX-EFNE formulation.

Enhanced Healing Activity of Manuka Honey and Nitrofurazone Composite in Full-Thickness Burn Wounds in the Rabbit Model

Burns cause many significant changes in metabolism and inflammatory reactions, leading to poor regeneration in animals and humans. A list of medicines to treat burns is available in the market. But due to the high cost of these medicines, these are unaffordable, especially for farmers of middle-class families of Africa and Asia. Therefore, a low-cost complementary treatment has always been a topic of many researchers, and there is a dire need of time for the welfare of animals to save them. The current study was planned to scrutinize the therapeutic effects of Manuka honey and Nitrofurazone ointments on full-thickness burn wounds in the rabbit model. The healing efficacy was performed through wound contraction rate, hematological analysis, the thickness of dermis and epidermis, and collagen content percentage. Histopathology was performed after taking biopsy samples at the end of the research. Based on statistical analysis using wound healing time (days, D), the combination (MO + NT) resulted in a shorter period (27 D ± 1) than the average healing time of controlled (36 ± 2), Manuka ointment (31.33 D ± 1.52), and Nitrofurazone ointment (32 ± 1). A significant decrease in the count of red blood cell (RBC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) in all treatments was noticed mainly in MO + NT. Furthermore, burns induced a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the white blood cells (WBCs) count levels in the MO-treated group. While the level of platelets (PLTs) was not significantly different from the healthy control group. Histopathological assessment (epithelialization, fibrosis, and angiogenesis) of skin showed burn healing to be better in MO and MO + NT groups. In conclusion, the composite of Manuka honey with Nitrofurazone led to the faster recovery than other treatments.

Antibacterial Effects of Commiphora gileadensis Methanolic Extract on Wound Healing.

Commiphora gileadensis (CG) is a small tree distributed throughout the Middle East. It was traditionally used in perfumes in countries in this area. In Saudi Arabia, it was used to treat wounds burns and as an antidote to scorpion stings. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity and cutaneous wound healing efficiency of the CG extracts using microbiological tests, rate of wound contraction and histopathological changes. CG plant were extracted using the methanol extraction technique; then, the methanolic extract was characterized using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC–MS). Afterwards, a six-millimetre (mm) excision wound was induced in 60 male Balb/c mice. Mice were classified into two classes; each class consisted of three groups of 10 mice. In the non-infected wound class, the group I was assigned as control and received normal saline. Group II received gentamicin treatment, and group III treated with CG-methanolic extract. In the Staphylococcus aureus-infected class, group IV received normal saline, and groups V and VI were treated with gentamicin and CG-methanolic extract, respectively. The colonization of infected wounds was determined using colony-forming units (CFUs), and the percentage of wound contraction was measured in all groups. Finally, the histopathologic semi-quantitative determination of wound healing was evaluated by inflammatory cell infiltration, the presence of collagen fibres and granulation tissue, and the grade of re-epithelization. Composition analysis of the methanolic extract confirmed the presence of a high amount of ceramide (69%) and, to a lesser extent, hexosylceramide (18%) and phosphatidylethanolamine (7%) of the total amount. Additionally, there was a statistically significant difference between the percentage of wound contraction in the CG-treated and control groups in both Staphylococcus aureus-infected and non-infected wounds (p < 0.01). The colonization of the infected wounds was lower in the group treated with CG than in the control group (p < 0.01). In both non-infected and infected wounds, the CG-treated group showed significant statistical differences in inflammatory cell infiltration, collagen fibres, re-epithelization and granulation tissue formation compared with the control group (p < 0.01). The CG extract possesses antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties that induce wound healing.

The Effects of Javanese Turmeric (Curcuma xanthorriza Roxb) on Fibroblasts, Granulation, Blood Vessel Density, and Contraction in Wound Healing of STZ-Induced Diabetic Rats

Diabetic ulcers usually occur in the lower extremities of diabetic patients. One in 20 diabetic patients will develop an ulcer, and 10% of those cases lead to amputation. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Javanese turmeric (Curcuma xanthorriza Roxb.) extract on the number of fibroblasts, granulation, blood vessel, and the rate of wound contraction in a Wistar rat model of the diabetic ulcer. This was an experimental study with post-test observations only and randomized control group design. Rats were divided into five groups: (1) negative control (KN); (2) positive control (KP); (3) P1; (4) P2; and (5) P3. Every rat was assessed for fibroblast number, granulation, blood vessel density, and wound contraction percentage. Javanese turmeric extract had a significant effect on histological parameters (fibroblast, blood vessels and tissue granulation) (p &lt; 0.05) and wound contraction (p &lt; 0.05). The double linear test revealed a significant relationship between fibroblasts, granulation, blood vessel quantity, and wound contraction (p &lt; 0.05). Correlation and regression tests showed that Javanese turmeric extract explained 91% of the effects on fibroblasts, blood vessels, and granulation. Treatment with Javanese turmeric extract increased the number of fibroblasts, tissue granulation, blood vessel density and wound contraction in male diabetic Wistar rats.

Wound Healing Activity of 80% Methanolic Crude Extract and Solvent Fractions of the Leaves of Justicia schimperiana (Hochst. ex Nees) T. Anderson (Acanthaceae) in Mice.

IntroductionJusticia schimperiana has been used traditionally for the treatment of wound and skin burn, but there is no scientific evidence that supports the traditional claim.ObjectiveTo evaluate the wound healing activity of 80% methanol crude extract and solvent fractions of the leaves of Justicia schimperiana in mice.MethodsMice were used for wound healing study, while rats were used for acute dermal toxicity test. The 80% methanol crude extract and chloroform, ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions were formulated in ointments with 5% and 10% strength. Burn, excision and incision wound models were used to evaluate the effect of the crude extract, whereas the activity of the solvent fractions was evaluated using excision wound model. Parameters such as wound contraction, and period of epithelialization were studied in the excision and burn wound models, while tensile strength was measured in incision wound model.ResultsTreatment of wound with 80% methanol extract of Justicia schimperiana leaves using 5% (w/w) and 10% (w/w) ointment formulation induced significant (P<0.05) improvement in wound contraction rate, epithelialization time and skin breaking strength in excision, incision and burn wound model, respectively as compared to negative control. The chloroform, ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions with 5% (w/w) and 10% (w/w) ointment formulation showed significant (p<0.001) improvement in wound contraction and epithelialization time in excision wound model as compared to the negative control group.ConclusionThis study has demonstrated that the 80% methanol crude extract and solvent fractions of Justicia schimperiana leaves possess wound healing activity.

Calendula flower extract loaded collagen film exhibits superior wound healing potential: Preparation, evaluation, in-vitro &in-vivo wound healing study

The present study was aimed to prepare Calendula flower extract loaded collagen film as a safe and effective wound dressing. Collagen film was prepared by solvent casting method and characterized for physicochemical properties like water absorption capacity, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, antioxidant activity, infrared spectra, biodegradation, moisture content, differential scanning calorimetry, and sterility. The triple helical structure of collagen in the formulation was confirmed by gel electrophoresis and atomic force microscopy study. The safety and efficacy of developed formulation were investigated by in-vitro cell culture experiments including MTT assay, scratch assay on 3T3 Swiss albino cell line, In-vitro hemolysis study and In-vivo wound healing animal study on Wistar rats. In-vitro cell cytotoxicity test showed that the developed film was non-cytotoxic. In-vivo animal study on Wistar rats showed rapid wound healing compared to non-treated and placebo-treated group. The rate of wound contraction was significantly (p < 0.001) high in CFE loaded collagen film treated wounds (92.18 ± 1.2%) when compared to the control group (56.25 ± 4.1%), placebo-treated group (62.5 ± 5.1%) and marketed product treated group (68.75 ± 6.1%) on day 21. The prepared biodegradable collagen film incorporated with calendula flower extract was safe, stable, and effective as a wound healing dressing.

Metallic ion-based graphene oxide functionalized silk fibroin-based dressing promotes wound healing via improved bactericidal outcomes and faster re-epithelization

An ideal wound dressing material should enhance the wound healing process and must avoid bacterial contamination. In this study, the synergistic effect of graphene oxide (GO), silver (Ag) and magnesium (Mg) based silk electrospun nanofibrous film on wound healing was evaluated. It reports the influence of essential elements Mg and Ag during the skin regeneration process. Silver and magnesium nanoparticles were doped in graphene oxide. The goal of the present study was to fabricate an electrospun nanofibrous patch with nanoscale fillers to improve the wound recuperation manner and decrease the recuperation time to forestall microorganism infections and improve cellular behavior. Doping was done to insert Ag+ and Mg2+ ions in the crystal lattice of GO to overcome the disadvantage of aggregation of Ag and Mg nanoparticles. In this study, Mg2+ and Ag+ ions doped GO functionalized silk fibroin/PVA dressing material was prepared using the electrospinning technique. It was found that, Mg-GO@NSF/PVA and Ag/Mg-GO@NSF/PVA film possess good cytocompatibility, low hemolytic effect and effective antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities. Furthermore, their improved hydrophilicity and mid-range water vapor transmission rate allow them to be a suitable wound dressing material. Tensile strength of the composite silk film were enhanced relatively to silk/PVA film. The effect of prepared film on wound repair were investigated in excision rat model. It indicates, the wound covered with Ag/Mg-GO@NSF/PVA film showed the highest wound contraction rate and re-epithelization, allowing faster repair of wound sites. In conclusion, the development of metallic ions doped GO based silk fibroin/PVA is a promising approach towards development of antibiotic free wound dressing material. It prevents anti-biofilm formation and also provides adequate therapeutic effects for accelerating wound healing.

Evaluation of Wound Healing and Antibacterial Activities of Solvent Fractions of 80% Methanol Leaf Extract of Brucea antidysenterica J.F. Mill (Simaroubaceae).

BackgroundBrucea antidysenterica is a well-known medicinal plant that has traditionally been used to treat a variety of ailments, including wound healing. Supporting the traditional claims, wound healing, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities of the crude extracts of different parts of the plant were reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the wound healing and antibacterial activities of solvent fractions of the menthol leaf extract of Brucea antidysenterica.MethodsMethanol (80%) leaf extract of Brucea antidysenterica was fractionated using three solvents; water, n-butanol and chloroform. An ointment containing 2% and 4% of each fraction was formulated and applied to wounds inflicted on rats topically. The wound contraction rate, period of epithelialization, and breaking strength were analysed. In vitro antibacterial activities were tested using the agar diffusion method. The macro-tube dilution technique was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was determined by sub-culturing the MIC and concentrations below the MIC.ResultsThe 2% and 4% aqueous fractions (AF) significantly increased wound contraction (p 0.001) compared to the negative control and increased tensile strength compared to untreated (p 0.001). Among the three fractions, the n-butanol fraction showed the highest antibacterial growth inhibition, ranging from 8 mm (E. coli) to 16 mm (S. aureus).ConclusionData obtained from this study collectively indicated that the aqueous fraction of 80% methanol leaf extract of B. antidysenterica possesses wound healing and antibacterial activities.

In vitro and in vivo wound healing activities of Globularia arabica leaf methanolic extract in diabetic rats.

This study assessed the effects of topical application of the plant Globularia arabica extract on the diabetic rate of wound closure. The effect of methanol extracts of G. arabica leaf extract on pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, as well as the rate of wound contraction, hydroxyproline, and collagen content, was examined using an excision model of wound repair in male rats. The healing pattern was also highly related to using 10% plant extract and significantly, (p-values <0.025) increased wound contraction and increased hydroxyproline and collagen expression in both non-diabetic and diabetic rats, demonstrating that G. arabica extract possesses potent wound healing capacity. During the early wound healing phase, IL-6 levels were found to be upregulated by G. arabica treatment. Increased wound contraction augmented hydroxyproline and collagen content, supporting the early wound healing exhibited by G. arabica. One of the ways for speeding wound healing may be the induction of cytokine production. The result of our study shows that the fibroblast cell line treated with 20µg/ml methanolic extract of G. arabica significantly (p-values <0.035) increases the cell migration that indicated the high wound healing activity. Results suggest that G. arabica may be useful in the topical management of wound healing.

Mesalazine based topical hydrogel formulation enhances anti-oxidant and cytokine activity in wounded STZ-induced mice

Background: The present study is targeted to elucidate the wound healing potential of mesalazine in STZ induced diabetic mice by comparing various antioxidant, pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and other wound healing parameters at 3,7 and 14th day.&#x0D; Methods: Full thickness excisional wounds of 6mm size were created on the dorsal side of STZ induced mice and topical treatment of mesalazine based different hydrogels was applied for 14 days. Wound tissues were excised on day 3, 7 and 14 for various wound healing parameters.&#x0D; Results: Delayed in wound healing was observed in diabetic group which eventually got accelerated after application of ethosome based mesalazine loaded hydrogel designated as D5 in study. Significant wound contraction rate was observed in D5 group and tissue hydroxyproline and tensile strength was also elevated after treatment with mesalazine loaded ethosomal hydrogel. The level of ROS was found to be significantly decreased in SOD, CAT and GSH experiment. LPO level were found to be elevated in D5 group. Finding of levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine suggested significant decrease and showed significant elevation in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). &#x0D; Conclusion: D5 group of ethosome based mesalazine loaded hydrogel showed promising results in controlling all the factors to their normal range and was effective in accelerating wound 51healing in diabetic mice. &#x0D; Keywords: Diabetic wounds; hydrogels; antioxidants; cytokines; VEGF; Mesalazine