Worse Situation Research Articles

Hospital medical care and the COVID-19 mortality in METEOR partner countries (the Netherlands, Belgium, Italy, And Poland).

Healthcare systems in European countries, including METEOR partner countries, are faced with the aging population, an increase in costs for innovative technologies and medication, a shortage of health professionals, and inequality in access to healthcare. Presented paper aimed to recognize and compare the functioning of healthcare systems between METEOR partner countries and simultaneously check if the current epidemiological situation of COVID-19 has some relationship with the number of medical staff, yearly gross domestic product, or documented percentage of fully vaccinated people. In the model of descriptive epidemiological study, available demographic, socioeconomic, and healthcare organizational data in the Netherlands, Belgium, Italy, and Poland were compared to the epidemiological situation of the COVID-19 pandemic (percentage of fully vaccinated people, incidence, and mortality) in all mentioned countries. Obtained data confirmed that the lowest number of physicians, as well as the life expectancy and gross domestic product per capita, is in Poland. Simultaneously, the lower number of medical staff and lower gross domestic product (GDP) correspond to higher mortality due to COVID-19. The percentage of fully vaccinated with the last dose of the primary series was also the lowest in Poland. Obtained results confirmed that higher mortality due to COVID-19 in METEOR participants' countries is related to a lower number of medical staff and weaker GDP. The worse situation was noted in Poland, a country with problems in the functioning healthcare system, including hospital care and a serious shortage of practicing medical staff. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2023;36(3):417-27.

Robust optimization model of flexible distribution network considering source-load uncertainty

The increase in renewable energy permeability and the electrical load uncertainty aggravates the fluctuation of power flow and bus voltage magnitudes of the distribution network (DN). Then, the fluctuation threatens system security and makes increasing difficulties in DN regulation. However, the widespread utilities of power electronic technology promote rapid developments in flexible distribution networks, thereby providing certain opportunities to treat the open question. Therefore, this study proposes a robust optimization model of flexible distribution network allowing for system security and economy. Firstly, a optimal power flow (OPF) model of flexible distribution network with various active management strategies is derived and constructed by taking the minimum loss and voltage offset as the objective function. The model is linearized and relaxed to convex problem by a second-order cone. Then, the robust OPF model of flexible distribution network is established considering the uncertainty of load and renewable energy. Finally, a relaxation-based co-evolution algorithm is proposed to solve the model. The modified IEEE 33 bus system and PG&E 69 bus system are involved for case studies, in which the calculation results under various scenarios are compared. Consequently, the effectiveness and practicability of proposed model to locate and cope with the worst situation is demonstrated.

GEOSPATIAL ASPECTS OF FINANCIAL CAPACITY OF TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES OF TERNOPIL REGION

GEOSPATIAL ASPECTS OF FINANCIAL CAPACITY OF TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES OF TERNOPIL REGION

METHODOLOGY AND PRACTICAL IMPLEMENTATION STUDY THE CURRENT STATE OF DRAINAGE SYSTEMS IN VOLYN REGION (ON THE EXAMPLE THE OKONSKA DRAINAGE SYSTEM)

The article proposes a methodology for studying the current state of drainage systems using remote sensing methods and conducts a practical assessment of the current state of one of the typical drainage systems of Volyn region, namely the Okonska drainage system. The Okonska drainage system is a typical drainage system in Volyn region. It is quite large. Its area is 3130 hectares, including 1405 hectares drained by the pottery drainage. Therefore, a representative site in the east of the Okonska system, which surrounds the village of Kukly in a semicircle from the north, west and south, was selected for a detailed study. This section was put into operation in 1977. It consists of 9 reclamation canals and 52 drainage collectors with a total length of 41.45 km. Hayfields account for 42% of the structure of drained land in the study area, and pastures account for 67%. Arable land accounts for only 25%. That is, the scientifically-based requirements for the use of the system's land are mainly as hayfields and pastures with minimal ploughing and crop rotation. A detailed analysis of the current state of use of the drainage system's lands using remote sensing was carried out. It was found that currently, within a representative area, 45.8% of the land is not used in accordance with the designers' recommendations. This is most often due to ploughing of hayfields and pastures. However, some fields (No. 1-3, 12) also have this tendency: according to the designers' recommendations, they should be completely ploughed. However, flooding and waterlogging of certain parts of the fields cause them to be withdrawn from active cultivation, naturally becoming alkaline and overgrown with sparse shrubs. This is due to insufficiently effective field drainage, when excess water is not fully drained from the fields during spring floods. Only three fields have met the recommendations: fields 5, 14, 15. These fields are designated as pastures and hayfields. Their relief is complicated by numerous negative relief forms (saucer-shaped depressions). They are regularly flooded and constantly waterlogged, overgrown with sparse shrubs. Ploughing these fields is currently impossible or impractical. On all other fields, the designers' recommendations are partially or completely violated. Fields 13 (6.17%) and 6 (16.04%) have the lowest proportion of land use contrary to the project. These are partially ploughed pastures used as vegetable gardens. The worst situation is with the use of fields 8 and 11. These hayfields have been completely ploughed up. There are widespread deflationary areas in strips, and there are no mosses or overgrown shrubs. The current state of use of drained land has negative consequences: reduction of the area of agricultural land suitable for use, especially arable land, spread of unfavorable exogenous processes (flooding, rewetting, deflation, overgrowth of areas), depletion of peat soil horizons, excessive anthropogenic load, which causes soil degradation, pollution of surface runoff due to excessive ploughing, noncompliance with coastal protection zones, formation of illegal landfills, and changes in the carbon cycle.
 Keywords: reclamation, drainage reclamation, reclamation system, hydrotechnical structures, current state of use of drainage system lands, measures to improve the system's functioning and increase environmental safety.

Crisis and Self-Realization in Jack Hunt’s Novel Phobia and Anxiety

This paper contends that the investigation of psychoanalysis of characters during the pandemic significant piece of artistic examination. The world has seen various plagues and pandemics at various times. The pandemics have presumably made a tremendous effect on the social, social, and monetary fields, getting a change in human existence. Journalists and writers from different countries and societies have answered the pandemics, planning the times that they have seen and remarking on their unsafe encounters. Numerous fundamental books are composed on the difficult stretches of sicknesses and pandemics in which in some cases even fifty percent of a country or a city is crushed. The current world is gigantically impacted by COVID-19, which is a lethal infection supposedly spreading from China. The infection is killing a large number of individuals consistently, contaminating millions and seriously endangering the entire world. The essayists and artists of the contemporary world are likewise composing superb fiction and verse, answering the emergency and looking for approaches to mending and making due. Drawing on the extraordinary works created by the effects of the pandemic in various seasons of history, the paper investigates how people make due in the midst of such pandemics, look for ways of mending themselves, and study writing during the pandemic. The main purpose of this paper is to momentarily explain and remark on how the characters experienced the situation of the pandemic called Agora Virus in Jack Hunt’s novel Phobia and Anxiety and how they struggled to survive during the worse situation and how they realised themselves during the crisis. By the end, every one realised who they are and what they mean to society.

The Russia-Ukraine war: an analysis of the geopolitical roots and the global dynamics

Russian deployment of troops on the Ukrainian border is a clear threat of war, which the US-led Western block perceives truly. This research aims to analyse Russia's motives for opposing Ukraine. Europe's geopolitical and geo-economic situation needs serious attention to be studied systematically. A qualitative fact-based approach is used, and a descriptive analysis has been done for this research. The current security dynamics amidst the Russia-Ukraine conflict have jeopardised the security structure of the entire European region. All such development is no doubt a threat to the security of Europe. One of the immediate reasons Russia deployed its troops on Ukraine's border was to stop Ukraine from joining NATO, for which Russia had threatened both Ukraine and the US-led Western block. As the Ukraine crisis unfolds, geopolitical shifts have pushed Russia and China closer together. Consequently, this closeness between China and Russia is seen as alarming in the West. Further, the crises have highlighted differences within the Western alliance, like no consensus, as they do not agree on how to respond to this worst situation. It has further intensified the polarisation of the East and the West and has raised tensions.

Reentry vehicle friction heat estimated by means of Boltzmann integral-differential equation of fluctuation-dissipation theory

We begin with Atmosphere Einstein Brownian motions toward Knudsen Gas Boltzmann Kinetic formulism of the fluctuation-dissipation theory and applied the formulism to space travelers reentry vehicles. Early experimental results are estimated on the worst situation upper bound when a reentry vehicle is frictionally passing through a dense atmosphere. In reality, the vehicle has spent more time in a dilute atmosphere space. Accordingly, the fluctuation and dissipation theorem, derived from the Boltzmann kinetic equation, predicted a much less friction heat than the final reentry stage.

Role of green technologies in enhancing the efficiency of natural resources

Considering the 25 countries with the worst situation in the field of natural resource depletion, this paper evaluates the relationship between green technologies and the effectiveness of using natural resources from 2010 to 2021. The findings confirmed that the green technology index does not significantly impact resource efficiency in African countries (Congo, Gabon, Uganda, Nigeria, Ghana) and Colombia. For other countries, this variable has positive and significant coefficients. It can also be concluded that for countries with a high-income level (such as Kazakhstan, Oman, United Arab Emirates, and Saudi Arabia), the green technology variable has a more significant positive coefficient than those with a low-income level. The paper recommends practical policies like diversifying the national economy, green foreign direct investment, strengthening the knowledge-based economy, and government support for commercializing green ideas.

Adapting HLA-based co-simulation for interdependent infrastructure resilience management

Since infrastructure systems are threatened by natural or man-made hazards with unprecedented frequency and intensity, decision-makers spare no efforts in proposing methods and tools to improve the resilience of interdependent infrastructures. However, these approaches and toolkits are flawed in characterizing the heterogeneous operating regimes of different infrastructure systems. Moreover, worst-case scenario is commonly harnessed when generating the hazard information maps and assessing the induced adverse consequences on infrastructures, which is exaggerated as all the identified vulnerable spots in infrastructures rarely suffer from the worst situation simultaneously. Besides, resilience assessment methods are mostly static and not competent in capturing the emergence and development of specified hazard event and revealing the dynamic resilience behavior of interdependent infrastructure systems. To address these gaps, this paper proposes an overarching High Level Architecture (HLA)-based co-simulation framework which is composed of the HLA-based service adaptation supported by the Run Time Infrastructure (RTI) libraries, simulators and interface design between the federates, and typical scenarios to facilitate interdependent infrastructure resilience management. It further adapts and orchestrates the generic HLA-based co-simulation framework to suit the interdependent infrastructure resilience management scenarios, while accommodating the physics-based domain-specific simulators; supports seamless and interoperable message exchange between interdependent infrastructures along with the development of specific hazards; and provides interface design between the infrastructure-specific simulators and the RTI. A typical flooding case is adopted to demonstrate the validity and transferability of our proposed framework. The overarching HLA-based co-simulation framework aims to formalize a modeling paradigm to investigate the time-varying resilience behavior of interdependent infrastructure systems, in order to contribute to the collaborative and joint decision making efforts between stakeholders of infrastructure regulatory agencies.

FEATURES OF FIRE IN ELECTRIC VEHICLES ON HYDROGEN FUEL CELLS

The purpose of the study is to reveal the characteristics of combustion and hazards arising from fires and traffic accidents involving FCEVs, which will create the basis for new approaches to responding to such events, as well as safe working conditions for rescuers. Description of the material. In general, the fire hazards associated with the use of FCEVs can be divided into the hazards associated with accidental hydrogen leakage and electric shock. Hazards associated with hydrogen arise from the depressurization of mains, which leads to the accidental release of hydrogen into the environment. The release of hydrogen can be long-term or instantaneous as a result of an explosion. Let's analyze the hydrogen supply system used in the FCEV. In general, it can be divided into the hydrogen storage subsystem, the supply subsystem to the fuel cell, and the fuel cell subsystem itself. The hydrogen supply subsystem to the fuel cell carries a greater fire hazard than the fuel cell subsystem. When the line is depressurized, the mechanism for covering the supply of hydrogen from the tank is activated, and the leak stops. However, in the event of ignition, the hydrogen contained in the lines will be sufficient to become a source of ignition for other materials of the vehicle. The hydrogen storage system carries the greatest fire hazard. To prevent an explosion due to heating of a hydrogen cylinder, a pressure valve is used, which is triggered by a thermal sensor when the temperature exceeds 90 ºС. Accidental handling of hydrogen can be accompanied by combustion. And with a faulty attitude valve, the worst situation from the point of view of fire danger can occur - an explosion. Usually, the pressure release valve is placed under the bottom of the car perpendicularly down, or at an angle of 45º. With a hole diameter of 4.2 mm and a hydrogen pressure of 70 MPa, the length of the flame torch when hydrogen leaks in the direction perpendicular to the surface of the earth will be 6.4 m when it leaks at an angle of 45º - 8.8 m, and under the condition of unobstructed combustion, i.e. the car overturned - 10.2 m. When the diameter of the opening increases, the length of the flame torch increases. The heat flow, which is formed due to the burning of hydrogen coming out of the car tank, can be 20 kW/m2 or more at a distance of 2-3 meters from the point of emission. With a heat flow of 1.6 kW/m2, during long-term exposure, there are no painful effects. When the heat flow increases to 4-5 kW/m2, a person who has no means of protection will get a 1st degree burn in 20 seconds; under the action of a heat flow of 9.5 kW/m2, a 2nd degree burn is formed after 20 seconds; 12.5-15 kW/m2 of heat radiation causes a 3rd degree burn. The most dangerous event that can happen for safety reasons is an explosion of a hydrogen tank. Scientists Koshkarov and Molkov investigated the dangerous distances due to the explosion of a hydrogen cylinder. Therefore, in the case of an explosion of a hydrogen cylinder with a volume of 100 l at a pressure of 70 MPa, lethal consequences occur at a distance of up to 8 m, and the zone of severe and medium injuries reaches up to 28 m. The safe distance for such a case is more than 100 m. It is obvious that from the increase pressure and volume of the balloon and such distance increases. Keywords: electric vehicle, hydrogen fuel cell, fire hazard of electric vehicles.

Population’s Mental Health after Wave V of COVID in a Disadvantaged Region of North-Hungary

Abstract We examined the level of stress, aggression, health anxiety and well-being and their changes in almost every wave of the pandemic, and we have reported about the results in national and international studies. In Wave V, the prolonged effect of the pandemic, and, over the mental situational picture, the population’s post-traumatic condition was also examined. Our current research is focusing on the situational picture of North-Hungary, our aim is to get know the mental state of the region’s population. During the research, we used the Mental Health Continuum Scale (MHC-SF), the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and the Post-traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) completed with background variables. Results: the questionnaire was filled by 482 persons living in the region, 34.4% of them were men, 65.6% were women, average age 33±15.1. The mental health of the region’s population appears to be below the average (x=32.6±11.8). The worst situation was found in the population’s social well-being (x=9.7±4.7) which did not reach the threshold value. The respondents’ average was in the normal range on the depression, anxiety and stress scale (x=21.9), but the more severe stage of depression was shown by 30% of the respondents, the same of anxiety by 29.5% and stress by 19.9%. The existence of the population’s post-traumatic condition could be detected in the region (x=43.1±20.9) that could be interpreted as the aftermath of the pandemic. The COVID infection occurring in the family has strongly influenced the development of the condition (p<0.009).

군복무 여군의 인권실태에 대한 질적 분석

The Ministry of National Defense and each military headquarters are developing more in terms of human rights protection than in the past, setting up human rights departments and gender equality departments, and enacting basic laws on the status and service of soldiers. But due to the specificity of the organization and the nature of the job, the possibility of human rights violations exists more than any other organization in society. As seen in the sexual assault victims of the Navy's female military commander and the late Sergeant Lee Ye-ram's sexual harassment suicide, human rights violations such as sexual harassment against female soldiers and resulting suicide are increasing. In particular, female non-commissioned officers are overwhelmingly high as victims of sexual violence, and female soldiers are likely to be in a worse situation. This study conducted a qualitative analysis of the overall human rights status for female soldiers using in-depth counseling techniques. Detailed human rights violations such as personnel, positions, and discrimination, female military welfare status, sexual violence and sexual harassment against female soldiers, and recent homosexual issues were also analyzed. It is expected to contribute to ensuring working conditions for female soldiers and enhancing their human rights protection as they have identified in-depth counseling on issues that are felt by female soldiers and are difficult to publicize.

An Exploratory Research to Assess Total Nutritional Knowledge of Students at the University of Lahore, Pakistan

Background: Good nutrition is imperative to achieve a better health status. The rate of obesity and related comorbidities is increasing all over the world. The main reasons behind this worse situation are the overconsumption of food groups or exceeding the recommended portion sizes. University life is a period when students are independent in making their food choices. The chances of adopting unhealthy eating behaviors are increased during this tenure. Nutritional knowledge is an important tool in assessing the nutritional status of an individual, group, and community. Objectives: The main objective of the current study was to assess the nutritional knowledge of university-going students. Methods: The pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect the data from the students of the University of Lahore, Pakistan. A total of 300 students participated in this study (150 from the Nutrition Department and 150 from the non-nutrition departments). Demographic data, anthropometric measurements, and total nutritional knowledge (TNK) scores were measured during the 4-month study duration. Additionally, gender-and department-based comparisons of various parameters were performed. The mean TNK of the Nutrition Department students was higher (34.89 ± 0.95/58) than non-nutrition departments (24.05 ± 1.00/58) (P = 0.01). Additionally, the mean TNK of female students was higher (28.53 ± 1.28/58) than male students (27.05 ± 1.27/58) (P = 0.03). Moreover, 61% and 63% of nutrition students were familiar with the relationship between high intake of salt and fats with chronic diseases, respectively. Results: A statistically significant relationship was not observed between gender (P = 0.78) and departments (P = 0.10) with body mass index (BMI). This finding shows that nutritional knowledge alone is not a predictor of the nutritional status (BMI) of an individual. Students, even from the Nutrition Department, failed to transform their knowledge about nutrition into healthy food choices and eating practices. Conclusions: It is necessary to initiate nutrition education programs emphasizing making healthy food choices. Moreover, nutritional knowledge related to dietary guidelines should be incorporated into daily life to remove the disease burden associated with obesity.

Internal audits as a tool to assess the compliance with biosecurity rules in a veterinary faculty.

The present paper proposes a tool to follow up the compliance of staff and students with biosecurity rules, as enforced in a veterinary faculty, i.e., animal clinics, teaching laboratories, dissection rooms, and educational pig herd and farm. Starting from a generic list of items gathered into several categories (personal dress and equipment, animal-related items, infrastructures, waste management, management of material/equipment and behavior), a checklist was created for each sector/activity mentioned above, based on the rules and procedures compiled in the Faculty biosecurity standard operating procedures. Checklists were created as Excel™ files. For each sector, several sheets were elaborated, i.e., one per specific activity: for example, the following sheets were created for the equine clinic: class 1-2 hospitalization (class 1 = non-infectious conditions; class 2 = infectious disease with a low or non-existent risk of transmission), class 3 hospitalization (class 3 = infectious disease with a moderate risk of transmission; these patients are suspected of having an infectious disease and being contagious for other patients and/or for humans) and consultation. Class 4 area, which corresponds to the isolation unit and aims at housing patients suffering from infectious diseases with a significant risk of transmission (including notifiable conditions), was not audited at that period, as it was undergoing renovation works. The audit relied on observations performed by a unique observer to ensure standardization. Observed items were presented as yes/no and multiple-choice questions. A scale from 0 to 3 or 4 (depending on the item) allowed scoring each item, i.e., 0 corresponding to 100% compliance with the procedure and the highest score to the worst situation. A median and average global score was also estimated by category and by activity. The methodology described in the present paper allows estimating the compliance with biosecurity standard operating procedures in a specific sector and/or for a given activity. The identification of criteria needing improvement is a key point: it helps prioritizing actions to be implemented and awareness raising among people concerned. Regular internal auditing is an essential part of a biosecurity plan, the frequency being conditioned by the risk linked to a specific activity or area (i.e., more frequent audits in risky situations).

Theory Roulette: Choosing that Climate Change is not a Tragedy of the Commons

Climate change mitigation has become a paradigm case both for externalities in general and for the game-theoretic model of the Tragedy of the Commons (ToC) in particular. This situation is worrying, as we have reasons to suspect that some models in the social sciences are apt to be performative to the extent that they can become self-fulfilling prophecies. Framing climate change mitigation as a hardly solvable coordination problem may force us into a worse situation, by changing real-world behaviour to fit our model, rather than the other way around. But while this problem of the performativity of the ToC has been noted in a recent paper in this journal by Matthew Kopec, his proposed strategies for dealing with their self-fulfilling nature fall short of providing an adequate solution. Instead of relying on the idea that modelling assumptions are always strictly speaking false, this paper shows that the problem may be better framed as a problem of underdetermination between competing explanations. Our goal here is to provide a framework for choosing between this set of competing models that allows us to avoid a ‘Russian Roulette’-like situation in which we gamble with existential risk.

Asia Faces a Growing Threat From Intraseasonal Compound Weather Whiplash

AbstractThe sudden swings between drought/heat and pluvial could cause adverse impacts far surpassing the sum of their individual effect. We propose a concept of intraseasonal “compound whiplash event” (CWE) to investigate sudden swings between wet and the compounding warm‐dry events and their changes under climate change. We find that global warming would likely escalate the compound whiplash frequency to two to three and half times (two to three times) by the end of the 21st century under the business‐as‐usual scenario (mitigated scenario). The growing threat of CWE not only stems from the increasing occurrence but also from its intensified severity and extended spatial coverage. Among all sub‐regions, East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) region would expect the largest intensification. The resulting population exposure would soar two‐to‐three‐fold over Asia. Populous regions such as North India and EASM region might face a much worse situation than the western China where population is sparse and projected to decline. Moreover, the seasonality of swings with opposite directions would further split as a response to the skewed Asian monsoon annual cycle, leading to more frequent heat‐drought to pluvial swings in spring, and more opposite‐direction swings in autumn, disrupting cultivation and water management convention.

A sustainable solution for lean barriers through a fuzzy DEMATEL methodology with a case study from the Indian manufacturing industry

PurposeAs the COVID-19 epidemic ravages the world in the fourth industrial revolution era, the manufacturing sector faces its worst situation in a century. Lean philosophy, renowned as a “warrior philosophy,” can be an able rescuer to these industries. This study aims to identify the hurdles to lean strategy implementation and conduct an analysis to provide cognizance to policymakers, practitioners and decision-makers.Design/methodology/approachThis study aims to identify the obstacles that obstruct lean implementation into seven primary barriers/components, with the fuzzy DEMATEL approach being used to evaluate the critical factors as well as the cause and effect factors among them. Expert opinions are sought to obtain the relevant data for evaluation purposes.FindingsThe results reveal that a firm should focus on firm cultural conflict scenario, resources–responses incapability, improve on suppliers’ attitude and execute a proper planning and logistics equation to alleviate the hindrances of implementing lean. As these causal factors influence the effect factors, namely, top management vision, management–employee relationship and human resource building, focusing on them automatically improves the effect factors; thus, the surge to overcome resistance to lean implementation is alleviated.Practical implicationsThis research aids in identifying and analyzing lean implementation issues in the manufacturing and industrial sectors. The observations, results and insights drawn can act as a guiding force to rupture the resistance envelope covering the domain of lean implementation and possibly reinstating industries to survive and excel in the business post-COVID era.Originality/valueThis research introduces barriers to lean implementation in a unique way, as it articulates all sections of an industry and group the barriers based on the classification. It further prioritizes the barriers for their importance in the Indian industrial scenario. This would help the industry professionals and managers access the barriers and generate insight on how and where to start implementing lean.

The Radical in Ambedkar: Critical Reflections

The Radical in Ambedkar: Critical Reflections

Numerical Simulation Research on the Effect of Artificial Barrier Properties on Fracture Height

Hydraulic fracturing is an important measurement for the stimulation of oil and gas wells and is widely used in the development of low-permeability and ultra-low-permeability reservoirs. However, fractures can pass through barriers with poor properties during fracturing, resulting in fractures that do not reach the pre-designed length. In a worse situation, it is possible to communicate with the water layer and cause sudden water flooding, resulting in the failure of the fracturing construction. In order to improve the efficiency of fracturing construction, an effective way to control the height of fractures is by laying diverting agents to form artificial barriers. In this study, we established a three-dimensional numerical calculation model of fracture propagation, considering artificial barriers in the finite element analysis framework; the fracture propagation is governed by a cohesive zone model. The influence of artificial barriers with different Young’s modulus and different permeability on the fracture height was simulated and calculated. Different fracture geometries under different pumping injection rates were also considered. The simulation results show that the smaller the Young’s modulus of the artificial barrier, the smaller the extension in the direction of the fracture height: when its Young’s modulus is 28 GPa, the half fracture height is about 25 m, while when Young’s modulus increases to 36 GPa, the half fracture height increases by about 10m. When the fracture does not penetrate the artificial barrier area, the larger the Young’s modulus, the smaller the fracture width and the larger the fracture height. With the change in the permeability of the artificial barrier, the change in the fracture width direction of the fracturing fracture is only about 0.5 m, but the inhibition on the fracture height direction is more obvious; in the case of maximum permeability and minimum permeability, the fracture height change is 10 m. The influence of pumping injection rates on the width and height of the fracture is obvious: with the increase in the pumping rates, both the height and width of the fractures increase. However, when the pumping rate increases from 0.12 m3/s to 0.14 m3/s, the change in the direction of fracture height is no longer significant, and the increase is only 0.6 m. This study investigates the role of artificial barrier properties and pumping rates in controlling fracture height extension, clarifies the feasibility of artificial barriers to control fracture height technology, and provides guidance for the selection of diverting agents and the determination of the pumping rate in the process of fracturing construction.

Tax legislation of “white” Siberia during the Russian Civil War

The article examines the problem of state regulation of the tax sphere by the anti-Soviet governments of Siberia, which is poorly studied in historical and legal science. It is revealed that the Temporary Siberian and Russian governments carried out tax administration on the basis of pre-revolutionary legislation, making adjustments to it adequate to the conditions of the time. The pre-revolutionary tax apparatus was used to collect tax revenues. It was found that in the conditions of inflation, the flow of funds to the treasury was insufficient, and the legislator provided for an increase in the rates of existing taxes, the introduction of new sources of taxation and the revision of tax benefits, while the main attention was paid to the collection of indirect taxes. It is determined that in the conditions of widespread reluctance of the population to pay taxes, some positive effect was given by legislative innovations in the collection of income tax from employees, the function of collecting which was assigned to the administration of enterprises and institutions. It is revealed that the municipal authorities, whose budgets were formed according to the residual principle, were in the worst situation. It is stated that the Russian government was forced to widely use forceful methods of tax collection, involving police structures and military teams for this purpose, whose brutal actions caused discontent among the population, and which negatively affected the legitimacy of the government.