Worn-out Textures Research Articles

The diagnosis of worn texture in urban villages—Case study: Lalejin urban village

The present study examines the effectiveness of the physical parameters of micro-density, impermeability, and instability in the diagnosis of worn texture in urban villages. The transformation of every village into a city causes hundreds of small and large changes in the urban space and the lifestyle of its inhabitants. With the increasing influx of migrants from surrounding villages into urban villages, there is an urgent need for more accurate management of deteriorating areas. To preserve the character of such places as a heritage and examine their condition and the damage incurred, it is necessary to precisely identify the worn textures as a first step towards addressing these challenges. The urban village of Lalejin, as the statistical population of the study, is a clear example of such failed transformation, as it has lost most of its agricultural land and yet has remained underdeveloped in urban construction. While there have been several studies on the status of the worn texture, there are major concerns regarding the validity of the physical parameters involved. This research aims to take a strategic approach to studying the desired texture and to investigate the three parameters of micro-density, impermeability, and instability. Subsequently, the strategy to recognize the worn-out texture in rural–urban regions was extrapolated. The developed strategy in this study can be further generalized to all urban villages and shows how to determine the degree of deterioration in rural–urban areas using three physical parameters: micro-density, impermeability, and instability. The results specify the conditions and formulas necessary for such assessment.

LIVABILITY AND FUTURES STUDIES OF WORN-OUT URBAN TEXTURES: SCENARIO ANALYSIS FOR EVALUATING THE LIVABILITY SYSTEM AND ACHIEVING SUSTAINABILITY

Urban worn-out textures, due to their ancient and historically valuable physical structures, exhibit low adaptability to urban developments and advancements. Tehran, as a city with a rich historical background, also boasts considerable worn-out textures. Due to economic, geographical, and political conditions, a large population resides in these textures. In this regard, the present research aims to investigate the livability status of residents, identify key indicators, and design scenarios in the worn-out textures of Tehran city. This paper proposes a new approach to MicMac that promotes driving forces to scenarios. The results indicate that the livability of residents in worn-out textures of Tehran city, particularly in central regions, is in undesirable conditions. Furthermore, the analysis of the MicMac matrix showed that housing prices, residents’ income, investment, and an increase in economic activities, as well as the role of urban management, are driving forces that have a vital impact on the livability of residents in worn-out textures. These driving forces have depicted three scenarios for the livability of worn-out textures in Tehran city until the year 2032.

Study of the Feasibility of Regeneration of Central Worn-Out Textures of Ilam City Based on Urban Smart Growth Approach

Study of the Feasibility of Regeneration of Central Worn-Out Textures of Ilam City Based on Urban Smart Growth Approach

Identification of Urban Worn-Out Textures and Prioritization of Organizing Strategies through Remote Sensing Performance and BWM Method Combination: (A Case Study: Zanjan City)

The growing trend of urban population has led to an increase in worn-out urban textures. Although various policies have been proposed to organize these textures, past data such as detailed and comprehensive plans in Iranian cities have afforded to achieve desirable results. For this purpose, Landsat satellite images taken on December 8, 2019 were used. Hence, this study tried to provide the latest method of information on urban worn-out textures with a new method and identify areas prone to becoming dysfunctional textures. For this purpose, Landsat 8 satellite images (December 2020) have been used. In this regard, in order to analyze the ENVI environment, two methods have been used: (1) The command of emissivity; (2) the calculation of the normalized and emissive vegetation cover index NDVI (Esfandiari, Darabad Fariba, Raoof Mostafazadeh, Amirhesam Pasban, and Behruoz Nezafat Takleh. 2022. “Integrating Terrain and Vegetation Indices to Estimate and Identify the Soil Erosion Risk Amoughin Watershed, Ardabil.” Journal of Spatial Analysis and Environmental Hazarts, 9(1): 77–96.) represents the reflection of solar energy from the earth’s surface, which indicates the types of vegetation conditions. To calculate the temperature of the city surface, LST (earth surface temperature in remote sensing refers to the heat measured by a radiometer in a momentary field of view) ( Pirnazar et al. , 2018 ). as well as to express the consequences of worn-out textures from the Driving forces-Pressure-State Impact-Response (DPSIR) model. Also, the best–worst method (BWM) is one of the newest and most effective multi-criteria decision-making techniques, which is used to weigh the factors and decision criteria and determine the priority of decisions ( Sadeghi Darvaze et al. , 2019 ) has been used to express the preference of the solutions for the organization of worn-out textures. Finally, the geographic information system (GIS) which refers to a set of hardware, software, geographic data and human resources that is used to collect, analyze and apply all geographic information ( Mirzapour , 2019 ) has been used to express numerical calculations and display maps. The results of examining the surface temperature of the land using two emissivity and emissivity commands (Figs. 2 and 3 ; Tables 9 and 10 ) showed that the surface of Zanjan city is divided into five classes in terms of worn-out conditions, in which the first class with the lowest recorded temperature of the graph was the most worn-out part of the city and corresponded to the initial cores of the city. It includes 9.6% of the city’s area, but the second class consisting of 10% of the city’s worn-out area was ranked second. Also, the results of the BWM method refer to citizen participation, regeneration with an economy-oriented approach, accurate identification of urban worn-out textures and exposed areas of the city (as a high authority in organizing the urban worn-out textures of Zanjan).

Evaluation of Factors Influencing the Spatial-Physical Structure of Worn-Out Urban Fabrics (Case Study: Worn-Out Fabrics of Dogonbadan Town)

Many traditional tissues that once had value and quality in the cities are now subject to destruction. A large part of the residents has migrated for various reasons, the historical, cultural and social values of the neighborhoods have also suffered a crisis. Today, only a few buildings can be seen in these neighborhoods, which have the color and flavor of their glorious past. The current research is of descriptive-analytical type and is practical in terms of purpose. Data collection was conducted by library, documentation and field methods. The innovative aspect of the research is based on the pathological approach to the qualities of urban tissues in the physical-spatial structure; therefore, with a more recent look, the main factors affecting the loss of traditional residential areas and its social deterioration can be identified and the causes of the worn-out texture can be explained. This research aimed to investigate the factors affecting the specific and physical conditions of the worn-out urban fabric and to find solutions for effective intervention in the worn-out fabric of Dogonbadan city. The collected data were processed, tested and analyzed using Excel and SPSS software. The Arc GIS10 software was used to draw the maps. Based on the findings, there is a significant relationship between the low financial power of the residents of worn-out fabrics and the lack of reconstruction. The lack of proper and sufficient income of the residents of these areas prevents the implementation of reform and reconstruction projects (with a correlation coefficient of 0.289). Also, the analysis of the physical structure of worn-out urban tissue is a prerequisite for the organization and reconstruction of worn-out tissues (with a Chi-square of 500.258 and a significance level of 0.000 for the structure quality index and a Chi-square of 425.321 and a significance level of 0.000 for the reconstruction materials index). In future studies, in addition to internal factors, management factors can also be evaluated and concluded in the functioning of urban fabrics.

Organizing worn-out neighborhoods with the new-urbanism approach using mixed methods in Rudsar, northern Iran

PurposeThe vulnerability of worn-out textures in the face of natural disasters is one of the most significant challenges that have forced planners and urban managers to intervene in these structures. In this context, the new-urbanism, or the new urbanization, movement is one of the most novel approaches. This paper aims to organizing one of the worn-out neighborhoods in Rudsar, northern Iran with an approach toward the new urbanism.Design/methodology/approachThe procedure adopted in this research is a combination of both quantitative and qualitative practices with an applied approach. Therefore, through utilizing the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and space syntax methods, the principles of the new urbanism are examined using the Expert Choice and Depthmap software. Subsequently, the appropriate priorities are mentioned for organizing the neighborhood with the new-urbanism approach using the building information system (BIM) and strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) techniques.FindingsThe findings of this study indicate that among the main characteristics of the new urbanism, walkability is recognized as the most important factor. Afterward, the components of maintaining the traditional structure of neighborhoods and connectivity were in the second and third ranks, respectively, of importance. Accordingly, by identifying the societal potential of roads according to their spatial configuration, it is possible to boost walkability, as well as economic prosperity in these areas.Originality/valueThe combination and correlation of the four utilized methods in this research can be adopted in the future studies as a new outlook of the mixed methods in the field of urban studies.

Spatial zoning of temporary housing with fuzzy hierarchical analysis and weight overlap (Case Study: Tabriz City)

The main need of sufferes in natural disasters, is to provide housing, especially to determine the place of temporary residence in critical situations. After the incident, it is not possible to provide suitable places for the injured immediately. Before such crises occur, proper planning must be done to determine the temporary residence so that the necessary infrastructure can be provided and in case of an accident in a crisis situation, it is possible to quickly set up camps for the injured. In this study, to determine the optimal location of temporary residence in Tabriz, various standards effect have been considered such as medical centers, fire brigade, faults, fuel stations, infrastructure facilities, worn-out tissue, watercourse complications. The desired standards were completed at first by experts and once again by experts in this field based on form of a questionnaire, then using the fuzzy hierarchical analysis method, the final weights of each standard were determined. Experts attributed the closeness to the worn-out texture and the second group of experts to the standard of avoiding faults the highest weight. That was important the avoiding standards to hazardous site and the river, for the both experts group. Finally, the last weights obtained the opinions of experts groups from fuzzy hierarchical analysis have been entered in Arc GIS software and the relevant maps that have been prepared using weight overlap in this research. The results show that before the incident, the western part of the city has suitable for temporary accommodation, and after the incident, the central part of the city is appropriate for settlement site. In addition, by comparing the vulnerability maps of Tabriz, the necessary locations for the construction of a temporary housing site were prioritized.

Evaluation of urban regeneration of worn-out neighborhoods to enhance physical resilience (Case study: The worn-out texture of Faroj city)

Evaluation of urban regeneration of worn-out neighborhoods to enhance physical resilience (Case study: The worn-out texture of Faroj city)

باز طراحی بافت های فرسوده شهری با رویکرد توانمندسازی و مشارکت مردم نمونه موردی: شهر کهنه کابل محله چنداول

Redesigning worn-out textures with the approach of empowerment and participation of people is one of the main issues that attract people's participation, which is discussed in redesigning urban textures. Therefore, during the empowerment of worn-out tissues and the preparation of strategic and corrective plans for the restoration and redesign of the worn-out texture, the government should inform the public about the facilities and measures to encourage the residents to renovate and renovate the worn-out textures of their place of residence. The old and worn-out texture of Kohneh City of Kabul is a multi-first neighbourhood that includes 29 hectares in Kabul city. The number of families living in the old and worn-out texture is equal to 3500 people and the household size according to the research done in this thesis is the lowest household size of 2 people and the highest 16 people and the average of it is 6 people. In order to investigate the factors affecting public participation and rehabilitarization of worn-out textures of the site, 147 questionnaires were distributed among the head of families and the results show that people's participation in the process of restoration and redesign of worn-out textures of the neighbourhood affects most of the economic factors such as duty or occupation, income, number of workers and municipal measures such as provided information facilities and laws and regulations such as eternity (being up to time) and accountability of laws and legal vacuum. It is. And also, at the request of the residents of several first-time neighbourhoods, their initial necessity was the appropriate roads proposed for the neighbourhood.

Assessment and Zoning of Bojnord City in Terms of Seismic Hazards

The unstable tectonic conditions contribute to the occurrence of major seismic activities in Iran each year so that this country is known as a geographic area vulnerable to incidents. This article is aimed at evaluating and zoning the city of Bojnord in terms of seismic hazard and vulnerability. This is an applied research with a descriptive–analytical method. A library-documentary method along with comparison of topographic maps with present condition was adopted for data collection. The spatial and non-spatial (descriptive) data were assessed using ArcGIS and Expert Choices models and software, hierarchical analysis, weighting, and then they were analyzed by determining the effect of layers involved in the zoning. The research area, Bojnord city, was divided and zoned into 15 districts according to five indices of microlithic, area, accessibility, population and enclosure. In order to determine the final indicator for the vulnerability of the districts, seven indicators of archaism, materials, number of floors, passages width, enclosure, microlithic and land use were adopted. Indices were weighed by AHP; and after computing the weight of each layer in the GIS using the Spatial Analysis and the Weighted Overlay function, the weights obtained from the ANP model were assigned to each layer, and the layers were overlaid to plot the vulnerability map of the city. The results suggested that districts 3, 11 and 12 were most vulnerable to seismic hazard due to decrepit and worn-out texture. A total of 27% of the urban areas were subject to severe and relatively severe seismic hazard. Also, 53.3% of the 15 districts of Bojnord were in poor and relatively poor conditions with respect to indices under study. In the end, strategies for alleviating vulnerability and improving urban districts are proposed. Buildings with high level of enclosure, low-quality materials and high building density have amplified vulnerability compared to other areas. Compact texture, insufficient open spaces and worn-out tissues have deteriorated their vulnerability. Further, distance of urban areas from the relief centers, narrow passageways and thus the possibility of blockage and high enclosure can prolong the travel time and slow down rescue operations.

Health risk assessment of relationship between air pollutants' density and population density in Tehran, Iran

ABSTRACTHigh levels of air pollutants in the Tehran city are a serious threat to the citizens' health, which are also occupying the city authorities' minds in the recent years. In this research, our attempt is to identify the highly polluted districts among the 22, which are exposed to widespread toxic gases, and to evaluate their distributive effects on the population density in the same districts. The studied pollutants were CO, O3, NO2, SO2, and PM2.5. The pollutant content data was collected from pollution-measuring stations. The main pollutant is CO, changing into suspended particles of PM2.5. Comparisons made between the maps produced on the pollution density levels and population densities in the five districts of 2, 6, 10, 11, and 12 at the center of Tehran indicated higher pollution. District 10, due to its worn-out texture and with a high population density of 37,504 p/hectare was the the most critical one. Districts 2 and 6, with lower population densities, were placed in second and third rank. In general, the central districts were more polluted, corresponding to higher population densities.

New Design for Creating Safe Places to Reduce Earthquake Loss and the Best Way to Rescue and Relief People

Immunization and upgrading of structures are for the prevention of physical and financial losses due to earthquake. The importance of structures is not the same regarding the physical and financial losses caused by the earthquake damage, although the responsibility to improve and secure them in terms of providing financing according to the type of ownership is different. The formulation of rules, regulations and necessary letters, the supervision over the various stages of immunization, and the establishment of appropriate facilities are in accordance with the financial and executive capacity of the country, the prioritization and preparation of a major plan for the improvement and securing of government responsibilities. Old buildings in worn-out textures generally have a wall system without vertical and horizontal shafts. The experiences from Boijin Zahra, Tabas, Rudbar and Bam earthquakes indicate that the destruction of such buildings in the time of devastating shakes is definite. The importance of structures is not the same considering the physical and financial losses caused by the earthquake damage. The principal destruction and rehabilitation for prevention of physical and financial losses due to the earthquake in terms of providing financing and according to the type of ownership varies, and this requires a rebuild time and high costs for the employer. Therefore, it is recommended that according to the conditions of the buildings of the country, arrangements and decisions, whether for financial facilities, etc. are considered so that everyone can carry out the executive steps of the safe room according to their existing structures.

A methodological approach to urban land-use change modeling using infill development pattern—a case study in Tabriz, Iran

In recent years, models of land-use change and urban growth have become important tools for city planners, economists, ecologists, and resource managers. In most models, future land-use changes are forecasted based on past development pattern and expansion to periphery. While today, metropolitan areas employ smart-growth strategies. The main objectives in this study are according to the smart-growth infill. In this approach, transmission of incompatible land uses to the outside of the city boundary, redevelopment, improvement, and renovation of urban old district and worn-out texture and reuse of abandoned land to new urban development are considered. In fact, the objective is the using of the infill development pattern to modeling approach for simulating urban future development using potentials inside the city. This paper presents a Land Transformation Model of urban land-use change based on an artificial neural network and a geographical information system. For developing this approach, future development of Tabriz city based on past development trend and infill development pattern is modeled. The modeling result based on past development pattern shows that the 31.26 % of green spaces and 60.93 % of agricultural land and wasteland will be destroyed and the built area will increase 89.75 % from 2005 to 2021. Development of infill development pattern model can regularize urban expansion in the coming decades. The result of infill development pattern, show that the built area will increase 40.32 percent and agricultural land and wasteland area decrease 32.67 percent until 2021. In fact, redevelopment of urban land uses in infill development pattern until 2021, not only preserve the green spaces and agricultural areas but also improve and rehabilitate old and worn-out textures.

Analysis of the Worn-Out Tissues Characteristics and Providing of Intervention Pattern, Case Study: Eslamshahr City, Tehran

This paper aims to prioritize intervention in urban deteriorated fabrics of Eslamshahr city. Worn-out textures in Eslamshahr (south west neighbor of Tehran), despite having potential facilities, unfortunately, in areas such as network infrastructure, water, electricity, telephone, and gas networks are becoming physical problems of the city against unforeseen events such as an earthquake. So that improvement, renovation and restoration of these textures could be very effective in making the Eslamshahr development sustainable. The studied deteriorated fabric covers an area of 104 hectares and has a population of about 42,664 people. Problems and challenges such as the domain of low-income people living, non-proportional distribution of services, marginalization and extensive urban deteriorated are among the most evident challenges. In this study, using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), the weighting and ranking of triple structures and variables related to each structure of the worn-out texture in Eslamshahr region took place. Weighting of criteria has been carried out based on research and comment of professionals and experts. Intervention indicators in the studied fabric are recognized and prioritized based on physical, social and economic factors. Considered indicators include type of Land Use, Passage network, Building occupies, Building Density, Number of floors, Building Life, Number of blocks, Constructions materials and skeleton, Separation of parts and Building quality. After evaluation using analytical hierarchy process and according to opinions of experts, rank each of the parameters was obtained and then with using ArcGIS software overlay map have been designed and evaluated. Result of this study revealed which a pattern can be presented for intervention of worn-out texture in Eslamshahr.

Analysis of the performance characteristics of Borujerd worn-out textures using S.W.O.T

Abstract. In unusual places with conventional methods of renovation and improvement of housing we could not be able to offer an effective action for supplying housing for their residents. Unfortunately, within the framework of government and the Department of Housing and Urban Development and Ministry of Cooperatives policies poor neighborhoods of these unusual places have been placed outside the scope of the predicted measures. Although one of the goals in promote and empower of local communities projects is to provide appropriate housing for its residents, but the sector still has not found certain feasibility and policy yet. The basic principle of renovation and improvement of targeted neighborhoods is the majority of existing housing is worn, non-resistant and without biological criteria required for residency. In a specialize landscape all non-resistant resistant units except the few new buildings should have been replaced with such a special and strong housing. The other economic promoting strategies for these unusual places are encouraging the housing sector to create employment and increase the dependence and durability of the inhabitants of these neighborhoods and it is necessary to attract them to entrepreneurship potential of housing sector.By issuing desired policies minor widening possibility of routs and proper renovation of place could be provided as well as people's access could be improved along with housing supplying. In this case, without land extending the required level for residential neighborhoods could be provided with 20 m2 pure and 25 m2 impure per capita for whole infrastructures. In this study, Borujerd worn-out texture characteristics have been analyzed using S.W.O.T model indicators to respond to the needs and fix the existing problems. Also, prioritization physical damage has been observed by expert assessing based on 5 criteria of damage. The results from S.W.O.T study show that the district No. 5 has the most portion of damage rate and the district No. 1 is in the next level, mostly because historical monuments located in the texture.

Reconstruction of Urban Worn-Out Textures and Reduction in Risk Taking (Case Study: Shushtar City)

Worn – out textures for a number of reasons such as lack of technical and engineering criteria in the construction of the buildings, non – efficient communication network, lack of urban installations and facilities, are more susceptible to natural hazards. The aim of this research is to reduce risk- taking of old and worn – out textures of Shushtar City in the process of reconstruction of this texture. Tools of gathering information in this research are the desk studies, observation, using of the maps, documents and queries. SWOT strategic model has been employed and the SPSS software has been used for the data analysis. The results of this research show that in this texture , the low quality of the buildings , construction material , narrow width of passages, inability of the inhabitants in reconstruction and renovation of old and worn – out textures , makes it necessary to seek a remedy for elimination of risk-taking.

Measuring the trend of people to participate in restoration of worn-out textures

Wearing out the urban texture, specially, when itcomes to be an obvious characteristic of a district as a living cell ofmunicipal life and a part of city system, its effects go beyond the andencompasses the whole city system. Developing the collaborative work andcreating the collective energy resulting from participation of owners andresidents of worn out cities is a fundamental strategy which should be regardedby the officials and municipals. In this research, in order to measure thetrend of people to participate in restoration of worn out textures of Shadkhanehdistrict in Neyriz, questioners were used as a tool of data collection. Thesample includes residents of Shadkhaneh district. With regard to Morgan Table,360 samples were selected but to reach better results, 400 questionnaires werecompleted. GIS and SPSS software were used for data analysis. The results ofthis study showed that people participate less and different factors involve inthis issue. Finally, correlation test was done between the variables whichsuggested that there is significant correlation between the location dependenceand public participation, social connection and public participation and alsoawareness and social participation.

Assessment of Tire Noise on Concrete Pavement in California Highways

A 2-year initial study, recently completed in California, measured and compared tire–pavement noise levels with the onboard sound intensity method on existing concrete pavements. The study included 120 pavement subsections at 47 sites; most sections were measured twice in the 2 years. The surfaces encountered were classified into five texture categories: burlap drag, diamond ground, diamond grooved, longitudinally broomed, and longitudinally tined. The experiment was not balanced for age, traffic level, or climate region. The surfaces were further categorized as having new, aged, or worn-out texture. The differences within and between surface types were assessed for spectral content and overall sound intensity. The results revealed a large overlap in the onboard sound intensity levels between texture types. The quietest sections overall were measured on diamond ground surfaces. However, on the basis of the average noise level of the evaluated sections of each texture type, the longitudinally broomed surfaces as a group were the quietest, although they were represented by a small sample in the experiment. The study indicated that the sound intensity of concrete pavements in California ranged from about 99 to about 107 dB(A). The measured onboard sound intensity levels included the effects of joint slap, faulting, and sealant, if present, in addition to the texture.