World Maritime Axis Research Articles

Smart Maritime Diplomacy: Diplomasi Maritim Indonesia Menuju Poros Maritim Dunia

This article examines the efforts of Indonesia's maritime diplomacy, especially in Southeast Asia and ASEAN to realize the World Maritime Axis (WMA) vision. WMA is the “jargon” of the Joko Widodo government to realize Indonesia’s ideals as an advanced, independent, and strong maritime state, and has positive contribution to the world. Through a descriptive-qualitative research approach, to answer the efforts of Indonesian maritime diplomacy, the primary data was collected through a review of the annual reports of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries. The secondary data is obtained through various literature related to WMA and Indonesian maritime diplomacy in Southeast Asia and ASEAN. By using Christian Le Miere's conceptualization of maritime diplomacy, this article shows that Indonesia’s maritime diplomacy efforts integrate the soft approach through cooperation and persuasive efforts with a hard approach through coercive action. By the author, this efforts is referred as Smart Maritime Diplomacy.

The Thought of Developing Halal Maritime Tourism Destination Towards Indonesia's Vision as a World Maritime Axis

Visi Indonesia menjadi Poros Maritim Dunia merupakan peluang bagi Indonesia untuk menginternasionalisasi kawasan sub-nasional. Kondisi geografis dan sumber daya alam yang dimilikinya merupakan modal utama untuk mencapai visi tersebut. Wisata bahari khususnya wisata pantai dan pesisir merupakan salah satu prioritas program kerja Indonesia menuju visi 2030. Di sisi lain, perkembangan tren pariwisata halal di dunia merupakan peluang yang besar bagi Indonesia untuk mengembangkan wilayah baharinya sebagai destinasi wisata halal bahari. Pada tahun 2016, Indonesia memperoleh penghargaan sebagai pemenang dalam World Halal Tourism Award 2016. Sejalan dengan penghargaan tersebut, Indonesia menetapkan Sumatera Barat, Aceh dan Nusa Tenggara Barat sebagai destinasi wisata halal di Indonesia. Pemerintah sub-nasional memiliki peran yang signifikan untuk mewujudkan visi tersebut di atas. Tulisan ini memusatkan perhatian pada peran pemerintah daerah sebagai aktor utama dalam merencanakan dan mengimplementasikan kebijakan pembangunan ekonomi domestik yang mendapat pengaruh sangat besar dari kecenderungan perkembangan ekonomi politik kawasan dan global. Peran aktor sub-nasional dalam hal ini dijelaskan dengan eksplorasi konsep pariwisata halal, strategi glocalization dan Entrepreneurial City. Pariwisata Halal merupakanindustri pariwisata yang memenuhi konsep halal berdasarkan ajaran hukum Islam. Ide wisata halal bahari di Sumatera Barat merupakan sebuah upaya pemerintah daerah untuk meningkatkan daya saing ekonomi suatu wilayah dalam sektor pariwisata Halal. Ide tersebut sejalan dengan dengan strategi glocalizationyang mempromosikan rekonsentrasi pertumbuhan industri dan investasi infrastruktur dalam ekonomi regional dan wilayah perkotaan yang strategis. Oleh karena itu, pemerintah perlu menyusun serangkaian strategi sebagai Entrepreneurial Cityyang mampu mengakomodir ide wisata halal bahari dalam bidang kebijakan, tata kelola pemerintahan dan pemberdayaan masyarakat daerah.

THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF TRADE LIBERALIZATION AND APEC GLOBAL AGENDA 2014: AN ANALYSIS FROM INDONESIA PERSPECTIVE

<p><em>The 25 years of APEC shows a positive correlation between trade and economic growth. The strong correlation makes APEC seen as a future core of economic power and potential to be a global leadership in the development of international norm, rules, and cooperation. </em><em>International political economy concerns to how scarce resources are allocated to different uses and distributed among individuals through the process of decentralized market. It also refers to the handling of issues related to cross-national boundaries and relationships between two or more than two countries through a complex political process involving a country, bilateral relations between the countries, international organizations, regional alliances, and global agreements</em><em>. </em><em>In globalization era, improving quality of human resource and sustainable growth is required. However, under the pressure of the international competition</em><em>, </em><em>Indonesia poses a number of new challenges, economic as well as political. The Indonesian economic challenge is in investment in commercial infrastructure to support greater connectivity.</em><em> The new vision to be the world maritime axis has been promoted from the President Joko Widodo. It is the momentum for Indonesia to take advantage from the APEC global agenda to strengthen Indonesian role in sustaining national, regional, and international economic growth through infrastructure development in maritime sector.</em><em></em></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em>: </em><em>APEC, connectivity, regional integration, maritime axis, trade liberalization, globalization</em><em></em></p>

Paradoxical Analysis of the Existence of the Indonesian Archipelagic Sea Lane Against the Ideal of the World Maritime Axis

the existence of the Indonesian Archipelago (ALKI) towards the ideals of the world maritime axis launched by Jokowi. The search for data and interviews confirms that ALKI is contrary to the concept of the world maritime axis. The simple premise is that the maritime will always be present in the foreign sea traffic activities as a result of Indonesia’s desire to become an open country (free sea). It also shows an insult to the sovereignty of a nation that aspires to be the world’s maritime axis. Using Marine Strength Theory by Alfred T. Mahan, Jean Bodin’s concept of sovereignty to examine the contradictions of the existence of ALKI in conceptualizing the world’s maritime axis, the trend of results shows that first, the existence of ALKI actually endangers the aspirations of the world maritime axis; second, the archipelagic insights described in ALKI contradict the archipelagic insights implicit in Indonesia’s maritime doctrine; third, ALKI divides maritime forces that must be united (unity); fourth, Indonesia is at the level of civilization that is not ready to become the world’s maritime axis; fifth, ALKI based on UNCLOS 1982 contradicts the concept of sovereignty respected by the Indonesian people as the dignity of the nation.

Indonesian Future Strategic Defense Planning

<p align="justify">This paper is intended to examine how strategic defense planning of Indonesia during strategic areas of Southeast Asia (ASEAN) 2015 - 2020. Issues that develop in ASEAN seems so complex and dynamic. Indonesia’s defense is an interesting phenomenon. Based on these timeframes we can formulate a strategic planning for future defense. The results show that besides, developing defense policy and defense planning in the form of comprehensive strengthening of structure and posture of Indonesia’s defense. Indonesia needs to strengthen its defense diplomacy towards countries in Southeast Asia by strengthening the base of posture and defense structure associated with the vision of the world maritime axis so as to achieve a sustainable Minimum Essential Force (MEF).</p>

The Strategy for Preparing Human Resources in Order to Make It as the Maritims of the World

Indonesia as the largest archipelagic country in the world has great potential to become the world maritime axis seen from Indonesia's strategic position which is very busy passing the world trade traffic through the sea. The world maritime axis is a strategic idea to put Indonesia's role and function in the international world. Development of maritime sector can also be applied to the nation's commitment in maintaining and managing marine natural resources for the welfare of all Indonesian people. Infra Development The maritime structure can be realized through the connectivity of the archipelago which includes the provision of sea transportation and port facilities are adequate in each region. The development and preparation of maritime human resources is a thing that cannot be denied in supporting the government's vision to realize Indonesia as a maritime axis of the world. This can be realized with the preparation of reliable, professional and competent human resources and supported by technological advances and adequate infrastructure. Various sectors of maritime development are in desperate need of reliable maritime resource availability, this is required by professional maritime sector employment agencies. The preparation of maritime sector human resources in both formal and informal institutions should always be improved both quantitatively in each region and qualitatively supported by adequate infrastructure and technological progress so that the quality of maritime human resources can compete with experts from various country.

KEBIJAKAN PENGELOLAAN PERIKANAN TANGKAP BERBASIS KEBERLANJUTAN MEWUJUDKAN INDONESIA SEBAGAI POROS MARITIM DUNIA

Management of fish resources (SDI) as a source of natural resources devoted to the people's welfare. Control of the fish resources are directed to the achievement of benefits for the greater prosperity of the people. Fisheries sector can serve as a leading sector in an effort to make Indonesia as the world's maritime axis. Therefore, it must be realized that fisheries management with reference to the principles of sustainable development of marine resources by basing on Agenda 21 of the UN Conference of 1992 on Environment and Development, or the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. For that, we need an improvement in the regulation of marine policy. Rights-based Licensing system or rights-based access (allocation of rights to use formal) is an alternative that should be explored, so that everyone has equal access without an incentive to maintain its sustainability.

Littoral and Coastal Management in Supporting Maritime Security for Realizing Indonesia as World Maritime Axis

The Indonesian under President Joko Widodo has new goal to make Indonesia as the world maritime axis. This is supported by the geographic of Indonesia as the largest archipelagic country where the sea is two-thirds wide among the whole spacious. Indonesia is the world largest archipelagic state. More than two-third of its territory consist of seas. The ecosystem of littoral and coastal has correlative relationship with country development. There is no doubt of physically facts that Indonesian littoral and coastal with total wide of 5.8 million km2 is rich with various natural resources. Therefore, the condition of Indonesia with its world second longest coastline has several comparative advantages. Not only the country has an abundant natural resources, but it also blessed by demographic bonus advantage. The population of Indonesian is the fifth largest in the world which approximately 220 million people and approximately 60 percent among them live at coastal areas. The people in coastal area relies their live from its surrounding natural resource. Hence, most of their life and daily activity is related with the presence of natural resources. The dealing of conflict potential and attention to maritime security are important to be studied as a reference in preparing and facing the government policies that will lead to the development of maritime.

Impact of Joko 'Jokowi' Widodo Leaderships on Indonesia's World Maritime Axis

On 5 July 2014, Joko Widodo, as presidential candidate has expressed his idea on “Indonesia’s strategic position on world maritime axis and regional maritime hub”. His statement gave country’s powerful bargaining position as world largest archipelago with its Sea Lanes of Communications strategic possesses led to many countries compete to dominate the maritime route around Asia Pacific region. Sooner or later, modernization of maritime and air power should be accelerated to overcome underdevelopment quality and quantity of main weaponry system. Joko Widodo’s idea of Indonesia’s pivot maritime is a clear signal for others, which this country would back up into a national maritime power with concentrated economic power, as the bargaining power of diplomacy, and political and military strategy on the acquisition and control of maritime areas. Elected president, Joko Widodo (Jokowi) prioritized Nawa Cita concept as Nine Priority Agenda, which the state defense budget allocation will be increased to 1.5 percent of gross domestic product alone, but how Indonesia could become a pivot maritime ? The quality of Indonesia’s sea and air military power Indonesia is a biggest reason for national contribution to revitalize its potential efforts in world balance of power establishment in order to keep the peaceful economic stability on the whole region. Therefore, in the period of the next two decades, Asia is the center of the world economy because three of the five countries with the strongest economy the world are in Asia will be China, Japan, and India. In 2050, Indonesia is predicted to be world economic power. To conclude, impact of Indonesia’s attractive and strategic geopolitical state will cause the area to be prone to foreign threats, as maritime pivot must be supported throughout the Indonesian national assets that could realize the idea of a living nation of maritime resources, together with human resource land that already sluggish and less proactive. Mental revolution that proclaimed president-elect would have to be read in the spirit of old mental orders yet business as usual.