World's Largest Research Articles

Predicting a Great Lake's Response to a Warm Winter

The Superior Challenge Summit: Forecasting El Niño's Impact on the World's Largest Lake; Ann Arbor, Michigan, 17–19 May 2016

Catastrophic Decline of World's Largest Primate: 80% Loss of Grauer's Gorilla (Gorilla beringei graueri) Population Justifies Critically Endangered Status.

Grauer’s gorilla (Gorilla beringei graueri), the World’s largest primate, is confined to eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and is threatened by civil war and insecurity. During the war, armed groups in mining camps relied on hunting bushmeat, including gorillas. Insecurity and the presence of several militia groups across Grauer’s gorilla’s range made it very difficult to assess their population size. Here we use a novel method that enables rigorous assessment of local community and ranger-collected data on gorilla occupancy to evaluate the impacts of civil war on Grauer’s gorilla, which prior to the war was estimated to number 16,900 individuals. We show that gorilla numbers in their stronghold of Kahuzi-Biega National Park have declined by 87%. Encounter rate data of gorilla nests at 10 sites across its range indicate declines of 82–100% at six of these sites. Spatial occupancy analysis identifies three key areas as the most critical sites for the remaining populations of this ape and that the range of this taxon is around 19,700 km2. We estimate that only 3,800 Grauer’s gorillas remain in the wild, a 77% decline in one generation, justifying its elevation to Critically Endangered status on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Growth Rate Flat in 2015 for the World's Largest Market Research Companies‐Or Is It?

The 2015 growth rate was flat for the 25 research companies included in this year's report. The total 2015 revenue was US$22.5 billion versus US$22.7 billion in 2014, −0.9% (or −0.2% when adjusted for inflation).

Improved Race Times in Marathoners Older than 75 Years in the Last 25 Years in the World's Largest Marathons.

Performance trends of elite marathoners are well investigated. However, performance of elderly marathoners (> 75 years) competing in the world's largest city marathons is not well-known. We examined marathon race data of 1,691 marathon finishes (i.e. 218 women and 1,473 men) competing between 1990 and 2014 in 5-year age groups 75-79, 80-84, 85-89, and 95-99 years in four races (Berlin, New York, Chicago and Boston) of the 'World Marathon Majors'. The number of female (r² = 0.50, P < 0.0001) and male (r² = 0.88, P < 0.0001) finishers increased significantly across years. The number of women (r² = 0.36, P = 0.0019) and men (r² = 0.88, P < 0.0001) in age group 75-79 years increased. In age group 80-84 years, the number of women (r² = 0.36, P = 0.0111) and men (r² = 0.54, P < 0.0001) also increased. In age groups 85-89 to 95-99 years, however, the number of female and male finishers remained unchanged. Across years, women (r² = 0.26, P = 0.0090) and men (r² = 0.31, P = 0.0035) reduced their race times. Women and men in age group 75-79 years improved race times. In age groups 80-84 to 90-94 years, women and men were not able to reduce race times. In summary, participation increased and performance improved in female and male marathoners competing in age groups 75-79 to 95-99 years where the largest increases in participation and the largest improvements in performance were found in women and men in age group 75-79 years.

The Unbalanced Geography of the World's Largest MNES: Institutional Quality and Head Office Distribution Across Countries

The Unbalanced Geography of the World's Largest MNES: Institutional Quality and Head Office Distribution Across Countries

世界最大級の超電導磁気軸受フライホイール蓄電システム

1．はじめに フライホイール蓄電システムは，装置の内部にある大型の円盤 (フライホイール) を回転させることによって電力を運動エネルギーとして貯蔵し，必要に応じて運動エネルギーを再び電力

Thinking Big: Student Led Research on the World's Largest Global Corporations

In 2008 the Australian National University College of Law commenced a program of law reform and social justice activities, a key part of which is to give law students opportunities to explore and enhance the role of law in society through study, research and social justice initiatives. Law students are encouraged to develop and run their own projects, and in 2012 the Global Corporate Power Project (‘the Project’) began. From humble beginnings, the students involved in the Project have undertaken research on the size, geographical spread and regulation of global corporations in the banking, insurance, food and beverage, military technology, mining, hotel, pharmaceuticals, automotive and consumer electrics industries. Defining a “global corporation” and determining how powerful such corporations are has been an underlying desire of the research.This article explores the Project and some of its key findings. It begins by discussing globalisation and corporations, and the implication of these implications for state sovereignty. In Part 2, the article sets out the methodology and criteria used in the Project to identify and classify corporations based on their geographical spread. An initial review of the literature on globalisation revealed that “global corporate power”, if defined, was almost universally related to profitability rankings. One of the unique aspects of the Project therefore was that it developed its own methodology to identify geographically diverse corporations. In Part 3, the key findings in the banking, insurance, food and beverage, tobacco, and military technology industries are identified and discussed. The discussion highlights how, in all these sectors, there are six or fewer global corporations that dominate. Not surprisingly, many of these corporations are household names and would be familiar to regulators, consumers and governments around the world. Finally, in Part 4, the article reflects on the importance of such research for student learning and future research directions.

World's Largest Ammonia Heat Pump (14 MWh) for District Heating in Norway—A Case Study

Editor's Note: We at the Journal of Heat Transfer Engineering are happy to announce the introduction of a new section entitled “Case Studies.” We are asking authors to contribute their practical experiences in the form of real-world case studies. The goal is to disseminate practical information especially to young engineers who are stepping into the real world. The format of such articles will be a full-length paper or a short brief. It does not have to entail a typical research-type paper format with details about measurement accuracies, references, and so on. The article could have a brief introduction with the problem description, remedy, lessons learned, and recommendations. The review process will be simple and less involved than with typical research papers. The goal is not to discredit a person or a company but to share experiences. We all make mistakes; however, we also find solutions, and it is the solution part that is rewarding and that should be shared for the betterment of the society. I am opening this section with my own experience 6 years ago. I expect a positive response from fellow engineers.HTE Case Studies Editor

72.2: Development and Analysis of Technical Challenges in the World's Largest (110‐in.) Curved LCD

In this paper, we utilize simulation to estimate the shift value in the panel. Topology optimization is applied to improve the design of aluminum extrusion and lighten the weight of the product. Moreover, optical optimization of LED with lens is carried out to diminish the thickness of the curved display.

The Rise and Fall of OW Bunker, the World's Largest Marine Fuel Trader

In November 2014, just seven months after a successful IPO, OW Bunker went unexpectedly bankrupt because of alleged “risk management losses” and fraud. Alessandro Mauro reconstructs the chain of events and demonstrates that the company’s risk management was inconsistent and fell short of best practices.

Constitutional Impediments to Decentralization in the World's Largest Federal Country

Decentralization is often advocated as a means of improving local democracy and enhancing what economists call allocative efficiency. In federal countries, where power is already divided between national and state governments, decentralization involves the devolution of power from state to local governments. The world’s largest federal country, India, took an unusual step to advance decentralization: it passed the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act to confer constitutional status on municipalities. However, India’s efforts to promote this devolution of power through a national urban renewal scheme have not been successful for three key reasons. First is the incomplete nature of India’s decentralization process. Political decentralization has been stymied by the language of the constitutional amendment itself; administrative decentralization has been hampered by the comparative advantage of entrenched state-level institutions; and fiscal decentralization has not occurred because financial responsibility — but not significant revenues — has been devolved. The second factor is the top-down way in which decentralization has been undertaken, which has exacerbated relations with the states and mitigated the goal of allocative efficiency. Third is the relative weakness of local governance structures, which has created a Catch-22 situation: as long as the local governments lack significant capacity, the states are reluctant to devolve power down to them. In order for decentralization to be successful, additional effort needs to be directed towards an effective model of cooperative federalism. With recently elected Prime Minister Narendra Modi poised to create “smart cities” and promote urban renewal, it is critical to understand why India’s prior decentralization efforts have largely failed. The lessons learned over the past decade could be an important guide to the future of cities in India as well as in other federal countries.

Books Received for Review (Dec. 2013-Nov. 2014)

The Developing EconomiesVolume 53, Issue 1 p. 73-73 Books Received for ReviewFree Access Books Received for Review (Dec. 2013–Nov. 2014) First published: 23 February 2015 https://doi.org/10.1111/deve.12069AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. References Andrews, Matt. The Limits of Institutional Reform in Development: Changing Rules for Realistic Solutions. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2013. Bose, Sumantra. Transforming India: Challenges to the World's Largest Democracy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2013. Chang, Ha-Joon, and Ilene Grabel. Reclaiming Development: An Alternative Economic Policy Manual. London: Zed Books, 2014. Ghosh, Bimal. The Global Economic Crisis and the Future of Migration: Issues and Prospects. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013. Ricardo Hausmann, and Francisco Rodríguez, eds. Venezuela before Chávez: Anatomy of an Economic Collapse. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2014. Holden, Stein T.; Keijiro Otsuka; and Klaus Deininger. Land Tenure Reform in Asia and Africa: Assessing Impacts on Poverty and Natural Resource Management. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013. Miles Kahler, and Andrew MacIntyre, eds. Integrating Regions: Asia in Comparative Context. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2013. Klotz, Audie. Migration and National Identity in South Africa, 1860–2010. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2013. Lal, Deepak. Poverty and Progress: Realities and Myths about Global Poverty. Washington, DC: Cato Institute, 2013. Long, Katy. The Point of No Return: Refugees, Rights, and Repatriation. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013. Martin, Susan. International Migration: Evolving Trends from the Early Twentieth Century to the Present. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2014. David A. McDonald, ed. Rethinking Corporatization and Public Service in the Global South. London: Zed Books, 2014. Orozco, Manuel. Migrant Remittances and Development in the Global Economy. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2013. Perkins, Dwight H. East Asian Development: Foundations and Strategies. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2013. Schneider, Ben Ross. Hierarchical Capitalism in Latin America: Business, Labor, and the Challenges of Equitable Development. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2013. UNCTAD. The Least Developed Countries Report 2012: Harnessing Remittances and Diaspora Knowledge to Build Productive Capacities. Geneva: United Nations, 2012. Veltmeyer, Henry, and James Petras. The New Extractivism: A Post-Neoliberal Development Model or Imperialism of the Twenty-First Century? London: Zed Books, 2014. Volume53, Issue1March 2015Pages 73-73 ReferencesRelatedInformation

Are the World's Largest Firms Regional or Global?

There has been vigorous debate about whether the world's largest firms are regional or global in their operations and strategy. Some authors argue that global vision and strategy are essential for most firms in today's interconnected world, while others claim that even the largest multinational firms are mostly confined to their home regions—and that global strategy is a myth. Using a novel data set of over 1,000 of the world's largest firms, we provide a new perspective on this debate. We show that these firms range from domestic to regional, transregional, and global, with the implication that global strategy is alive and well in international business. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

World's Largest Anomalies of Electrical Conductivity and their Nature - A Review

Geoelectrical parameters, structure and geologic-tectonic position of a number of largest anomalies of electrical conductivity on different continents of the planet Earth are analyzed against the background of published and some new experimental data. Criteria of dividing nomalies into fluid and electronically conducting varieties, and their relation with mineral deposits are considered. In Memory of Sergey Kulik

F112001 世界最大級のプロセスガス用スクリュ圧縮機

F112001 世界最大級のプロセスガス用スクリュ圧縮機

May There Be Victory: Government Election Performance and the World's Largest Public-Works Program

A number of developing country governments have introduced ambitious anti-poverty programs in recent years, but the dynamic effects of these initiatives on governments' election performance remain poorly understood. Especially in contexts with low program implementation quality, public support for government interventions may be high initially but decline over time as citizens observe the actual program benefits. This paper analyzes the election impacts of the largest public-works program in the world, the Indian NREGS. Using a regression-discontinuity framework, the results suggest that length of program exposure and implementation quality matter: voter support in low implementation quality areas declines with longer program access. This effect is muted in well-implemented areas, where voter turnout is higher and incumbents of any party affiliation also benefit. The government payoff from implementing a large anti-poverty program may therefore be short-lived unless implementation challenges are resolved.

Joint Development Agreement Scheme for Management of World's Largest Shared Oil &amp; Gas Reservoir

Joint Development Agreement Scheme for Management of World's Largest Shared Oil &amp; Gas Reservoir

Thinking Big: Student Led Research on the World's Largest Global Corporations

Thinking Big: Student Led Research on the World's Largest Global Corporations

Modest Growth for World's Largest Research Firms

The world's largest 25 marketing research firms experienced modest revenue growth in 2013, driven by syndicated services firms and held in check by changing currency exchange rates and flat revenue per employee.

Neutron Diffraction Analysis Verifies Existence of Some of the World's Largest Gold Crystals

Neutron Diffraction Analysis Verifies Existence of Some of the World's Largest Gold Crystals