Health Care Systems In World Research Articles

Croatian blood collection system amid the COVID-19 pandemic

BackgroundCroatian blood collection system is based on voluntary donation, according to the recommendations of the World Health Organisation and the Council of Europe. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has influenced all the dimensions of human lives and the functional pattern of the health care systems in the whole world. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of ongoing COVID-19 pandemic on Croatian blood collection system and to evaluate the main factors that influence voluntary blood donation practice in blood donors (BDs).MethodsThis cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted in convenient sample of voluntary BDs from Split-Dalmatia County during the May 2020 to December 2020.ResultsThe study sample consisted of 479 regular BDs, 88.5% males and 11.5% females, mean age 39.8±10.8 years. Majority of them had high school education and living with the partner (67.4% and 74.5%, respectively). During COVID-19 pandemic 71.0% of them continued with regular donations while 29% of them postponed their donation. According to the BDs knowledge regarding COVID-19 infection there were 88.9% of those with unsatisfactory and only 11.1% of those with satisfactory knowledge regarding this infection. The study revealed that females, BDs living alone and younger BDs (aged 18 to 43 years) had more frequently postponed blood donation during COVID-19 pandemic (P < 0.0001, P = 0.004 and P = 0.017, respectively). The study further showed that there was no correlation between BDs knowledge about COVID-19 infection and their blood donation practice during ongoing pandemic.ConclusionsThe study revealed that ongoing COVID-19 pandemic impacted the Croatian blood collection system via reduction in the practice of voluntary blood donations. Sociodemographic characteristics of BDs were the main factors that influence Croatian BDs voluntary blood donation practice during pandemic while their knowledge about COVID-19 infection was not correlated with their behaviour.Key messages The sustainability of the health care system during a pandemic depends significantly on the blood supply, which is why it is necessary to ensure that blood collection system is continually maintained.The knowledge of blood donors about COVID-19 infection needs to be improved in order to prevent spreading of the infection generally and especially within this highly important population subgroup.

Axonal polineuropathy associated with Sars-CoV 2 infection: a case report.

World healthcare systems are dealing with the pandemic of the severe Coronavirus disease 19 (Covid-19). Covid-19 neurological manifestations affecting both central and peripheral nervous systems have been reported. We describe the case of 44-year-old patient, who was admitted to our Rehabilitation Unit after discharge from intensive care unit for severe Covid-19 related respiratory failure. Neurophysiological investigation revealed an axonal polineuropathy with impairment both of sensory and motor component. He underwent a comprehensive rehabilitation treatment, including breathing exercises and motor rehabilitation. Despite rapid and effective diagnosis and customized progressive rehabilitation treatment, significant improvement in sensory-motor abnormalities has begun but distal complete recovery was not achieved. Indeed, complete indipendence during walking has been partially reached: patient constantly needs two sticks and wears two ankle-foot orthosis during ambulatory function. Nowadays, exploring the neurologic manifestations of Covid-19 may represent a step towards better understanding the virus, preventing longterm sequela and rehabilitation concerns.

COVID-19 in Pregnancy-Perinatal Outcomes and Vertical Transmission Preventative Strategies, When Considering More Transmissible SARS-CoV-2 Variants.

The COVID-19 pandemic affected the physical and mental health of people around the world and left unprepared health care systems struggling to mount an adequate response. Understanding the impact of COVID-19 on pregnancy in terms of perinatal and fetal outcomes is essential to propose strategies for mminimising viral transmission. Overall, 91 pregnant women in labour, or with indication for induction of labour, with COVID-19 were admitted to hospital. On the day of admission, each pregnant woman underwent a nasopharyngeal swab to validate SARS-CoV-2 infection. Whenever delivery was by caesarean section, an amniotic fluid sample was collected after uterus incision. Neonates were tested twice: first by nasopharyngeal swab at birth and secondly either at 24 h after (when babies were isolated) or at discharge (when rooming-in). All samples underwent rRT-PCR testing for SARS-CoV-2. The SARS-CoV-2 RNA tests by nasopharyngeal swab of the pregnant women produced positive results in 47 patients. This cohort gave birth to 48 infants who were double tested by nasopharyngeal swab and included in the prospective observational study. Moreover, in this same cohort, 39 amniotic fluid samples were taken during caesarean section. All samples underwent rRT-PCR testing for SARS-CoV-2 and came back negative. The study results suggest a low risk of vertical transmission of COVID-19 and favourable perinatal outcomes due to adequate preventative strategies. This approach may prove to be more beneficial in the new SARS-CoV-2 variants era.

A linguistic and literary analyses study of selected cartoons on the novel Covid-19 pandemic in Nigeria

ABSTRACT The world is currently facing a global pandemic, code-named the Covid-19, which is seriously wrecking a devastating blow on world health care system. Since the first index case was reported in Lagos, Nigeria, in February, 2020, the Federal and State Governments have put measures in place to curtail the spread of the deadly virus in the country. Some of the measures include the constitution of the Presidential Task Force (PTF), provision of isolation and treatment centres for confirmed cases, and the pronouncement of lockdown order by the President and some State Governors. Amidst these measures, cartoonists (artists, or authors in literary context) have taken to the media to creatively present humorous and satirical depictions of the pandemic and social realities in the fight against it. This study, thus, analyses the humorous and satirical depiction of the pandemic, the state of the Nigerian health sector, and the country’s major actors in the fight against the scourge, using selected cartoons from the Nigerian context. These cartoons can be classified as graphic literary texts that can be subjected to different interpretations. The cartoons/texts are selected from the Facebook pages of popular Nigerian cartoonists/authors. A total number of ten (10) cartoons/texts were randomly selected between March and April 2020. The number of cartoons was limited to ten (10) in order to accommodate the rigour of qualitative analysis, which, in turn, informed one of the limitations of the study. This study adopts two (2) models/theories in interpreting the cartoons, which are Suls’s (1983) Incongruity Resolution (IR) model, a linguistic tool of lexicalisation, re-lexicalisation, and shared sociocultural knowledge used to explicate humour and satire in the cartoons, and Structuralism, which requires human behaviour (as represented in texts or cartoons) to be understood in the context of a broad social system (otherwise called structures) in which they exist. This study observed that the cartoons are not just independent texts or images, but that they are products of the Nigerian social condition, and that understanding them requires a level of familiarity with their contexts of production.It also revealed that, as a means of visual communication, the cartoons exposed the realities in the country and refused to be relegated to simply satirical images of issues and events in the country’s history. The analysis showed that cartoons are an important part of the discourse on the pandemic. Equally, the paper revealed that, the cartoonists have deployed both verbal and non-verbal incongruity to present comical images that show beliefs of Nigerians about the pandemic and the level of the country’s preparedness in flattening the curve of the contraction of the virus. Although the paper is concerned with Covid-19 in the Nigerian context, it is limited to the linguistic and literary analysis of the pandemic in selected cartoons.

Predict Score: A New Biological and Clinical Tool to Help Predict Risk of Intensive Care Transfer for COVID-19 Patients.

Background: The COVID-19 crisis has strained world health care systems. This study aimed to develop an innovative prediction score using clinical and biological parameters (PREDICT score) to anticipate the need of intensive care of COVID-19 patients already hospitalized in standard medical units. Methods: PREDICT score was based on a training cohort and a validation cohort retrospectively recruited in 2020 in the Marseille University Hospital. Multivariate analyses were performed, including clinical, and biological parameters, comparing a baseline group composed of COVID-19 patients exclusively treated in standard medical units to COVID-19 patients that needed intensive care during their hospitalization. Results: Independent variables included in the PREDICT score were: age, Body Mass Index, Respiratory Rate, oxygen saturation, C-reactive protein, neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio and lactate dehydrogenase. The PREDICT score was able to correctly identify more than 83% of patients that needed intensive care after at least 1 day of standard medical hospitalization. Conclusions: The PREDICT score is a powerful tool for anticipating the intensive care need for COVID-19 patients already hospitalized in a standard medical unit. It shows limitations for patients who immediately need intensive care, but it draws attention to patients who have an important risk of needing intensive care after at least one day of hospitalization.

Influence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on working flow, safety and efficacy outcome of mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke with large vessel occlusion.

AimThe epidemic of COVID-19 has greatly affect the world health care system, particular measures have been taken not only to provide safety for health care providers but also to maintain the treatment quality. We evaluate the effect of COVID-19 epidemic to acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO) received endovascular treatment (EVT) in our institution.MethodsAIS patients with LVO who underwent EVT in the period of January 1st to April 30th between 2015 and 2020 from our stroke center. The baseline characteristics, working flow time, safety and efficacy outcome and the hospitalization status were retrospectively reviewed, compared and analyzed.ResultsThere is significant decline in the number of AIS patients with LVO treated compared with the previous year (36 Vs 72 patients) during the epidemic period. The door to puncture time was significantly prolong (225 minutes versus 115 minutes) as well as the length of hospital stay with increase of the hospitalization costs (P < 0.05 for all). There is no significant difference on the safety and efficacy outcome, such recanalization rate, incidence of intracranial hemorrhage, functional independence and mortality during the epidemic (P > 0.05 for all).ConclusionsProlongation of the working time flow during the COVID-19 epidemic did not influence the safety and efficacy of EVT in AIS patients with LVO. However, special policy and particular measures in this circumstances is still need to evolve to improve the treatment quality.

The Important Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Reorganization of a Rehabilitation Unit in a National Healthcare System Hospital in Italy: Lessons From Our Experience.

Since March 2020, when COVID-19 pandemic broke out, the world's healthcare systems' main concern has been fighting the pandemic. However, patients with other diseases, also requiring rehabilitation evaluations and treatments, continued to need care. Our rehabilitation unit managed to maintain contact with patients through alternative communication methods even during the lockdown period and in a situation of staff shortage. If face-to-face evaluations and treatments were necessary, preventive measures were followed to avoid hospital-associated contagion. Rehabilitation beds were cleared to leave them to the acute wards, and consultations for the acute care patients were carried out using personal protective equipment. In the future, the lessons from our experience could contribute toward drawing a plan of measures applicable in similar situations and some of these actions could become part of the rehabilitative practice.

Epidemiological Significance of Asymptomatic Carriers of COVID-19

Relevance. Pandemic of the new coronavirus infection has become a challenging issue for world healthcare system. Control of the epidemic process is one of the main priorities in combat against new coronavirus disease Aim. The research highlights the issue of asymptomatic carriers of the new coronavirus disease. Conclusions. It was revealed that patients with asymptomatic form of COVID-19 have a less lasting immunity response compared with those that have had clinically active forms of the infection. In order to determine pathogenetic process and fully understand formation of the immune response, it is necessary to study both humoral and cellular immune responses in patients diagnosed with COVID-19. In order to select most optimal anti-epidemic measures to contain the further spread of the disease, including asymptomatic carriage, it is necessary to establish SARS-CoV-2 reproduction index and determine minimal infective dose of SARS-CoV-2.

SARS-CoV-2 Causes a Systemically Multiple Organs Damages and Dissemination in Hamsters.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread across the world and impacted global healthcare systems. For clinical patients, COVID-19 not only induces pulmonary lesions but also affects extrapulmonary organs. An ideal animal model that mimics COVID-19 in humans in terms of the induced systematic lesions is urgently needed. Here, we report that Syrian hamster is highly permissive to SARS-CoV-2 and exhibit diffuse alveolar damage and induced extrapulmonary multi-organs damage, including spleen, lymph nodes, different segments of alimentary tract, kidney, adrenal gland, ovary, vesicular gland and prostate damage, at 3–7 days post inoculation (dpi), based on qRT-PCR, in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry detection. Notably, the adrenal gland is a novel target organ, with abundant viral RNA and antigen expression detected, accompanied by focal to diffuse inflammation. Additionally, viral RNA was also detected in the corpus luteum of the ovary, vesicular gland and prostate. Focal lesions in liver, gallbladder, myocardium, and lymph nodes were still present at 18 dpi, suggesting potential damage after disease. Our findings illustrate systemic histological observations and the viral RNA and antigen distribution in infected hamsters during disease and convalescence to recapitulate those observed in humans with COVID-19, providing helpful data to the pathophysiologic characterization of SARS-CoV-2-induced systemic disease and the development of effective treatment strategies.

Association Between Periodontal Disease and the Risk of COVID-19 Complications and Mortality: A Systematic Review.

ABSTRACTAim:The COVID-19 pandemic has strained the world’s healthcare systems. Studies have identified how the COVID-19 infections are linked to several co-morbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, renal and pulmonary disease. It is known that periodontal disease (PD) shares the same risk factors. Moreover, both diseases are characterized by an exaggerated immune response. The aim of the study was to investigate the available evidence of a potential association between PD and the risk of COVID-19 complications and mortality.Materials and Methods:MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and ProQuest were searched. Studies that assess the association between PD and the risk of COVID-19 complications and mortality were eligible for inclusion. Two independent reviewers performed the selection of articles and data extraction. The New Castle Ottawa Scale was used to assess the quality of the selected studies, and the GRADE system was used to evaluate the level of confidence to support the conclusions.Results:Only two studies met the eligibility criteria. One study had a low risk of bias, whereas the other had a high risk of bias.Conclusion:The level of confidence in the available evidence is very low. A close association between periodontitis and the risk of COVID-19 complications and mortality can neither be supported nor refuted.

A Linguistic and Literary Analyses of Selected Cartoons on the Novel COVID-19 Pandemic in Nigeria

The world is currently facing a global pandemic, named COVID-19, which is seriously wreaking a devastating blow on the world healthcare system. Since the first index case was reported in Lagos, Nigeria, in February, the federal and state governments have put measures in place to curtail the spread of the virus in the country. Some of the measures include the constitution of the presidential task force (PTF), provision of isolation and treatment centres for confirmed cases, and pronouncement of lockdown order by the president and some state governors. Amidst these measures, cartoonists (artists, or authors in literary context) have taken to the media to creatively present humorous and satirical depictions of the pandemic and social realities in the fight against it. This study thus analyses the humorous and satirical depiction of the pandemic in the Nigerian context using selected cartoons. These cartoons can be classified as graphic literary texts that can be subjected to different interpretations. The cartoons/texts are selected from the Facebook pages of popular Nigerian cartoonists/authors. A total of 10 cartoons/texts were randomly selected between March and April 2020. The study adopts two models/theories in interpreting the cartoons: Suls's incongruity resolution (IR) model operationalizes linguistic tool of lexicalization, re-lexicalisation, and shared sociocultural knowledge to explicate humour and satire in the cartoons, and Structuralism, which requires human behaviour (as represented in texts or cartoons) to be understood in the context of a broad social system (otherwise called structures) in which they exist. The study observed that the cartoons are not just independent texts or images but that they are products of the Nigerian social condition. It equally revealed that the cartoonists have deployed verbal and non-verbal incongruity to present comical images that show beliefs of Nigerians about the pandemic and the level of the country's preparedness in flattening the curve of the contraction of the virus.

Deep Learning Applications and Perspectives COVID 19

An anticipated outbreak of corona virus (COVID-19) brings out the severe acute respiratory syndrome and corona-virus-2(SARS-COV-2) attacked in Wuhan city, china beginning of February 2020. World health organization (WHO) announced the outburst of pandemic disease through public health emergency of international concern. A variety of control measures has been taken by the government to control the disease. The investigation can be done about the pathogen and current epidemic. The world healthcare system has a major concern for new infectious diseases like covid-19 and needs new technological support. Deep learning in Artificial intelligence (AI) helps the world by safeguard the people from pandemic disease. Our aim is to investigate the AI based deep learning algorithm to analyze, prevent and prepare to defend against covid-19 and similar infectious disease.

The impact of SARS-CoV-2 on skeletal muscles.

In 2019-2020, the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has shocked the world and most health care systems, and a “second wave” of the viral spread is ongoing in Europe and in Italy too. While, at the initial outbreak, the treatment of patients had focused on the respiratory symptoms, many diverse clinical manifestations of the disease have to date been reported. However, the complete course of the disease has not yet been fully clarified. In particular, several reports from the real-world clinical practice have highlighted the noxious effects of SARS-CoV-2 on skeletal muscles. In this brief review, we summarized the main current findings about muscular and neuromuscular damages that may be triggered by the virus or by the drugs used to treat COVID-19. Moreover, we underlined the need of attentive care and vigilance for patients with neuro-muscular disorders, who may be particularly susceptible to infection and at increased risk for severe COVID-19.

Utilizing electronic medical record data to predict onset of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias

AbstractBackgroundAs the population ages, the incidence of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) are expected to rise and cause a significant burden to the world economy and healthcare systems. Pharmaceutical trials to cure ADRD have largely proven unsuccessful. Therefore, there is a critical need for early identification and intervention for individuals at risk of ADRD to prevent or delay disease onset.MethodUsing electronic medical record (EMR) data from a large, academic medical center, a historical cohort of Floridians aged 50 and older who developed ADRD were identified, along with an age and sex‐matched referent group. Discrete diagnostic codes, medication history, and biomarkers were used to develop 1, 3, and 5‐year ADRD machine learning‐based prediction models through theory‐driven and data‐driven approaches.ResultA cohort of 59,799 subjects were identified as meeting study criteria, including 5,711 diagnosed with ADRD during the study period. Approximately five controls (n = 18,765) for each patient were matched by birth year and sex. In the theory‐driven experiment, the logistic regression model achieved the area under the curve (AUC) of .664 for 1‐year ADRD prediction, .635 for 3‐year prediction, and .650 for 5‐year prediction. Further analysis exhibited that age, ethnicity, stroke, and history of traumatic brain injury had the highest odd’s ratios for ADRD development; whereas, use of NSAIDs and hormone‐replacement therapy was associated with reduced risk of ADRD (See Table 1). Compared to the theory‐driven models, the data‐driven models (gradient boosting trees) improved the AUC by ∼0.06 for 1‐ and 3‐year prediction.ConclusionUsing widely available EMR data, a large cohort of adults who developed ADRD and matched controls were used to create 1, 3, and 5‐year prediction models. These models can be adopted in decision‐support systems for detecting individuals at high‐risk of developing ADRD, allowing for interventions to be implemented in a timely manner. Our future research will replicate these models with data from the OneFlorida Clinical Research Consortium, a data repository including 15 million patients, covering more than 60% of the Florida population. These models will be externally validated via neuropsychological assessment before EMR‐tool kits are disseminated to medical practitioners across the state of Florida.

An Up-to-Date Overview of Therapeutic Agents for the Treatment of COVID-19 Disease.

Acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has a great potential to overwhelm the world healthcare systems that may lead to high morbidity and mortality. It also affects world economic development in the future. Currently, no proven effective drugs or vaccines are available for the management of COVID-19 disease. The pace of normal drug development progression is unacceptable in the context of the current pandemic. Therefore, repurposing the existing drugs that were used for the treatment of malaria, Ebola, and influenza helps rapid drug development for COVID-19. Currently, several repurposing candidate drugs are in a clinical trial including, chloroquine monoclonal antibodies, convalescent plasma, interferon, and antiviral therapies. Antiviral drugs like arbidol, remdesiv and favirnavir are the most promising due to the similarities of the viruses regarding viral entry, fusion, uncoating, and replication. This review article provides an overview of the potential therapeutic agent, which displayed better clinical treatment outcomes. Moreover, with further understanding of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, new drugs targeting specific SARS-CoV-2 viral components arise, and investigations on these novels anti-SARSCoV- 2 agents are also reviewed.

THE TRANSITION FROM TRADITIONAL TO VIRTUAL COURTS: REALITY OR MYTH FOR THE JUSTICE SYSTEM IN UKRAINE?

The COVID-19 pandemic has presented difficulties in jurisdictions across the world and accelerated the digitalisation processes of justice. While the world experienced massive distress and healthcare systems worldwide could hardly cope with an increasing number of coronavirus patients, the justice system was also presented with numerous challenges during the various national lockdowns. Since upholding the rule of law through access to justice in a fair trial should under no circumstances be halted, courtrooms remained opened even though these doors had to be virtual or accessed with electronic keys, as was the case in Ukraine. The earlier concept of ESITS and the E-court could have served useful purpose during this time of crisis but it failed due to technical and implementation issues and judges, therefore, had to explore other means to conduct hearings remotely. This article aims to address the situation which Ukrainian courts faced during the time of the pandemic, making reference to foreign practices in the UK and China and concluding with the prospects for virtual justice in Ukraine. Key words: justice system, ESITS, E-court, virtual hearings, traditional courts, Online Court, COVID-19 pandemic, Smart Courts, digitalisation.

Estimated Number of Acupuncture Practitioners in Mainland China in 2018: Multiperspectives.

Background and Objective: Acupuncture and Oriental medicine are widespread, practiced in >183 countries and regions. As such, it has played an important role in the world health care system. However, there are no official statistics available on the number of acupuncture practitioners in China. The aim of this study is to calculate the number ranges of acupuncture practitioners in China in 2018. Materials and Methods: In total, 33.708 million was used as the total number of patient visits for acupuncture in 2018 in China. This number was calculated using the data released by the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (China), in which the average daily workload of all acupuncture practitioners in China was 134,832 patient visits. Acupuncture practitioners in China are part of Chinese Medicine doctors (CMDs) at the physician level, called "acupuncture doctors." This number 134,832 was divided by the workload of a single doctor of acupuncture, which was 19.4 or 7.0 patient visits per day. These numbers were from a survey by the authors. There are also the numbers 16.0 or 9.4 patient visits per day; these numbers were calculated from the salary level of acupuncture practitioners at 10,000 Yuan per month (providing the doctor's net income was 30% or 50% in his/her gross income). From these 2 sources, the authors then obtained 2 sets of ranges of acupuncture practitioners in China in 2018. There were 9,927 CMDs in 49 big hospitals, of which 619 were acupuncture practitioners; the ratio of acupuncture practitioners to the whole of all CMDs was 6.23%. Using this ratio multiplied by the whole number of CMDs in 2018, then the number of acupuncture practitioners in China in 2018 could be obtained as well. Results: Calculating based on the workload, the range of acupuncture practitioners in China in 2018 was from 6,950 to 19,262. Calculating based on the salary level, the range was 10,618 to 17,697. Calculating based on the ratio of the number of acupuncture practitioners to the whole population of CMDs, the number was 28,360. Conclusions: The reasonable range of acupuncture practitioners in China in 2018 was 10,618 to 17,697, with a median of 14,157. Considering that some acupuncture practitioners are also engaged in teaching, research, and management, the mentioned number is enlarged by 30% to produce 18,404, which would be reasonable. It was also concluded that the density of acupuncture practitioners was 1.31 per 100,000 residents.

COVID-19 associated complications and potential therapeutic targets

The global pandemic COVID-19, caused by novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has emerged as severe public health issue crippling world health care systems. Substantial knowledge has been generated about the pathophysiology of the disease and possible treatment modalities in a relatively short span of time. As of August 19, 2020, there is no approved drug for the treatment of COVID-19. More than 600 clinical trials for potential therapeutics are underway and the results are expected soon. Based on early experience, different treatment such as anti-viral drugs (remdesivir, favipiravir, lopinavir/ritonavir), corticosteroids (methylprednisolone, dexamethasone) or convalescent plasma therapy are recommended in addition to supportive care and symptomatic therapy. There are several treatments currently being investigated to address the pathological conditions associated with COVID-19. This review provides currently available information and insight into pathophysiology of the disease, potential targets, and relevant clinical trials for COVID-19.

Point of care lung ultrasound in COVID-19: hype or hope?

The COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic has critically struck the world economy and healthcare systems. The highly contagious virus spreads rapidly and can result in potentially life-threatening acute respiratory distress. The current established test for diagnosing COVID-19 is using the RT-PCR laboratory test. However, the test requires specialized laboratories and testing kits. Recent reports also showed high false-negative rates. Experts recognize the urgent need to develop a rapid point of care diagnostic tests. Ultrasonography is a widely established safe diagnostic imaging test for detecting various lung abnormalities. Recent publications from China and Italy provided limited evidence on its usefulness for diagnosing COVID-19 in emergency departments earlier than RT-PCR. Ultrasound is sensitive to pleural and subpleural abnormalities, which suggests a great potential diagnostic role given the predilection for COVID-19 in peripheral subpleural regions.This paper reviews the current evidence and discusses the problems with specificity and scoring.

CircZNF609 aggravates neuropathic pain via miR-22-3p/ENO1 axis in CCI rat models.

Neuropathic pain is caused by damage or disease happened to somatosensory nerve system. Due to the high prevalence and inefficient clinic intervention, neuropathic pain has brought considerable burden for world health care system. It is urgent to find novel targets for neuropathic pain basic research and clinical management. In this study, we found that miR-22-3p was decreased in Chronic Constriction Injury （CCI）rats and involved in neuropathic pain progression. Furthermore, it was found that ENO1 was a downstream target of miR-22-3p using bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assays. MiR-22-3p downregulation promoted neuropathic pain via regulating inflammation factors expression by targeting ENO1. Then, we explored the upstream regulator of miR-22-3p using Miranda database. It was found that circular RNA ZNF609 sponged miR-22-3p by biotinylated RNA pull-down, AGO2-RIP, and luciferase reporter assays. Collectively, our study revealed that circZNF609 promoted inflammation factors expression to aggravate neuropathic pain progression via miR-22-3p/ENO1 axis in CCI rat models. Our study might provide a new direction for neuropathic pain basic research.