World Practice Research Articles

Changes in glucometric parameters in people living with diabetes users of the free-style libre 2 system before and after the update possibility to real-time glucose readings in real world practice

In Spain, from October 10th, 2023, the FreeStyle Libre 2 system offers the possibility to automatically changed from isCGM to rtCGM with a system update. Our study aimed to evaluate the glucometric before and after that date. We didn't find significant changes in TIR, however time of use increased and TBR decreased.

Performance Depending on Zonal and Genotypic Factors in Apsheron and Jalilabad Districts of Azerbaijan

In modern literature there are opinions that the genetic diversity of the lentil plant has decreased by up to 40%. Taking this point of view into account, to increase the efficiency of breeding work, it is necessary to use the gene pool of the Lens culinaris Medik. species based on an in-depth study of economically important traits and obtain it as primary material, traditional and newly developed selection methods. The main role in this work should be assessed based on the study of the morphological, biochemical, agrobiological and other characteristics of the primary material. The exchange of hybrid samples between countries, their research in different ecological regions, different climatic and soil conditions, the discovery and creation of productive, high-quality, complexly resistant varieties and at the same time the use of these materials as starting material in future breeding work and hybridization programs are quite common in the world practice and gave effective, efficient results.

Systems methods and real world practice – Paul Jowitt’s pilgrimage in his writings for this journal

Systems methods and real world practice – Paul Jowitt’s pilgrimage in his writings for this journal

The problem of defining moral damage caused to the employee

Compensation for moral damage is one of the rights guaranteed by the Basic Law of Ukraine; reimbursement of this type of harm is one of the ways to protect labor rights as well. One of the main problems at the moment is the absence of the enshrined concept of moral damage in the Constitution and the Civil Code of Ukraine (this institution is of a civil law nature). Consequently, the aim of the Article is to consider how foreign and domestic scientists approach the term “moral damage” in general and in labor relations in particular and to provide our own definition of this category. The following methods were used when preparing the Article: dialectical, monographic, historical, normative and dogmatic, sociological, legal modeling. Research results. The origin of the term “moral damage” in the world practice and in our country has been investigated. It has been examined, what is moral damage in Ukrainian legislation, as well as in the legal instruments of some other States (Italy, Philippines, El Salvador, Kazakhstan, UAE). The approaches to the concept of moral damage in general and in labor relations in particular have been studied based on the works of foreign and Ukrainian researchers, relevant legal acts of our and other countries, court practice. It has been established that there are three approaches to defining the term of moral (non-property) damage caused to an individual in the theory of civil law. We agree with the opinion by researchers who believe that the fact of establishing moral, mental or physical suffering is not enough – it is necessary to have losses of non-pecuniary nature or negative consequences of a moral or other character. The author’s definition of moral damage as well as moral damage caused to the employee as a result of violation of his (her) labor rights has been proposed.

Experience of correction of enzyme therapy in children with cystic fibrosis using computer systems and means of network communication

Justification. In recent years, great progress in the treatment of cystic fibrosis has been associated with the use of pathogenetic therapy (since 2012 - in world practice, since 2020 in the Russian Federation). Against the background of the use of which the nutritional status, the functional state of the lungs improves, but there is no complete restoration of the impaired functions of the organs, in particular, the external secretory function of the pancreas is restored only in young children with the timely appointment of targeted therapy The purpose of the study: to increase the effectiveness of correction of enzyme replacement therapy by an individualized approach. Methods. 140 children (boys - 81, girls - 59) with MV aged from 1 year to 18 years (average age 12.9±4.8 years) were examined. The study was conducted in 2022 in the Department of Cystic Fibrosis Scientific and «Research Clinical Institute of Childhood of the Ministry of Health of the Moscow Region» (clinical base of the scientific and clinical Department of Cystic fibrosis Research Center for Medical Genetic). Inclusion criteria - diagnosis of cystic fibrosis, chronic pancreatic insufficiency, severe. Exclusion criteria - short bowel syndrome, exacerbation of the disease. The doses of pancreatin per day were evaluated using the calculation method: units/g of fat in food and intestinal syndrome before and after correction using an algorithm of an individualized approach to calculating enzyme therapy. The observation period is 3 months Design: single-center, prospective, comparative Results. The study showed that the majority of 82 patients (59%) in the general group received less than 2000 U/g of fat, which is less than the reference values (2000-4000 U/g). The median daily dose was 1500 U / g of fat, which can be attributed to the peculiarities of dosing and the need for pancreatin in the Russian pediatric population of patients with cystic fibrosis. The results are consistent with the data of recent studies indicating an acceptable dosage range of pancreatin 1000-4000 units / g of fat in food. In the course of the study, an algorithm for individualized correction of enzyme replacement therapy was developed and the effectiveness of this approach was shown. Conclusion. When calculating pancreatin for the fat content in food, the dose was below the recommended values of 2000-4000 units / g and amounted to 1500 units / g, which indicated that it did not meet the needs of children in enzymes and required individual correction. This served as the basis for the development of an algorithm for individualized correction of enzyme replacement therapy. The effectiveness of this approach using computer technology (inpatient program for doctors and mobile version for patients), in the form of reduction / relief of intestinal syndrome, is shown. To increase compliance and to train parents to control diet and enzyme replacement therapy, it is advisable to use computer programs and mobile applications to calculate the diet and dosage of pancreatin for each meal.

Herdsmen-farmers imbroglio and Nigeria state: Periscoping security implications in their migration to South-East

The Fulani herdsmen migration from the northern region of the Nigeria to other regions like, the south-east had created a mix feeling among the people of the region because of the security implication of this migration, this practice sometimes lead to the grazing of their cattle on people’s farm lands and this in effect leads to the destruction of the farmers crops as well as attacking the farmers and the host community. This paper interrogated Herdsmen migration to South-East, its security implications and possible solution. Conflict Theory was adopted for the paper as its theoretical framework of analysis, while the method for data collection was anchored on secondary sources like; books, newspapers, journal articles, and internet source materials, among others. The reach findings on the reasons for the herdsmen migration to south-East implicated huge Economic loses and attacks from the Boko Haram insurgency on the herders, to avoid high tax payment on the cattle, to set their cattle free from being attacked by harmful insects, to be free from frequent droughts, desertification, rural banditry and cattle rustling, among others. These has given birth to series of attacks, killing, destruction of farmers crops, by the herdsmen against the rural farmers and the host communities in the south-east. Based on that, the paper suggests ranching as a solution, as it is a global best world practice. Moreover, cattle rearing are a private business. Thus, Government should institute adequate security outfit and Support Community based Conflict Resolution body in the region, among others.

Oral semaglutide effectiveness and safety in real world practice; The REVOLUTION study

AimsThis study seeks to provide insights into the practical application and effects of oral semaglutide in Saudi T2DM patients under routine medical supervision. MethodsThe primary outcome measure was the laboratory HbA1c. Secondary measures included fasting blood glucose (FBG), weight, and hypoglycemia. All variables were checked after six months and 12 months of initiation. ResultsThe analysis of this study included 245 uncontrolled (HbA1c > 7 %) T2DM patients. The mean baseline HbA1c was 10.1 % (1.2). HbA1c was reduced by an average of 3.1 % (0.8) and 3.2 % (0.8) at 6 and 12 months, respectively. The frequency of hypoglycemia events in the last three months before semaglutide was initiated was 4.4 (1.1). The frequency of hypoglycemia events in the last three months was 2.2 (0.8) and 0.7 (0.4) at 6-month and 12-month follow-up visits, respectively. The percent reduction in body mass index (BMI) was an average of 13.0 % (1.4) and 19.7 % (3.4) at six months and 12 months, respectively. Lipid profile and blood pressure were improved at six months and 12 months. ConclusionsOral semaglutide provided substantial glycemic and weight-loss benefits in adult individuals with T2DM.

Managing Contemporary Archaeology in the Mediterranean: Challenges Observed from #pubarchMED

Contemporary archaeology was one of the topics addressed within a large study to improve understanding of archaeological heritage management in the Mediterranean basin by the pubarchMED project. While 19th and early 20th century contexts are often studied, contemporary archaeology in the Mediterranean (especially post World War II period) still represents a challenge both for practitioners and heritage managers. This article delves into some structural issues of archaeological heritage management and archaeological practice of the contemporary world, disentangling the main challenges they reveal and the interesting questions they raise for archaeological practice.

Urban planning approaches to the organization of a medical district

The article defines the direct connection between urbanization and the modern development of medicine as a complex of scientific directions for the development of high-tech medical care. The development of group forms of healthcare facilities as medical and urban complexes in world, Soviet and Russian urban planning practice and theory is presented. A modern trend in the development of innovative territorial formations of a medical organization within the boundaries of urbanized territories has been revealed. The concept of a medical area has been introduced. The object of the study is the medical district. The subject of the study is the spatial and territorial principles of the organization of the medical district. The lack of a spatial connection between medical facilities and the urban structure leads to a shortage of territorial growth and development of medical urban complexes, the unavailability of a comprehensive infrastructure for the development of medical science and practice. The research methodology is based on the definition of criteria for the selection of innovative territorial formations of the medical industry in the structure of urbanized territories. 60 medical districts were analyzed. The characteristic of the methodology for determining the planning options of the area, tested at 19 research sites, is presented. The main conclusions of the study are to determine the planning properties of the medical area. Based on the criteria and their characteristics, a systematization of medical districts has been compiled. A modern approach to the spatial organization of innovative territorial formations of the medical structure based on the collaboration of medical facilities and the integration of the medical district into the urban planning structure has been established. The approach of the urban planning organization of the formation of a medical district based on the territorial localization of medical facilities is revealed.

ОЦІНЮВАННЯ РІВНЯ ЕНЕРГОЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ АВІАЦІЙНИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ ТА АВІАЦІЙНОГО ТРАНСПОРТУ ДЛЯ ПІСЛЯВОЄННОГО ВІДНОВЛЕННЯ УКРАЇНИ

The article emphasizes that the question of researching the place of air transport in the aspect of multimodal transportation in the aspect of the post-war reconstruction of Ukraine is relevant. An analysis of the pre-war dynamics of the development of the transport industry of Ukraine is presented, which showed the insufficient level of development of the transport infrastructure and the organization of transport operations for both the transit country. Directions and approaches to the implementation of elements of a multimodal transport system using air transport are presented. It is proposed for further implementation on the territory of Ukraine, the schemes of multimodal transportation with the involvement of air transport, which are popular in the world practice. The proposed directions for the use of air transport in relation to cargo transportation in the aspect of multimodal transportation in the conditions of Ukraine have been determined. The study identifies the peculiarities of the integration of air transport into the transport system during the post-war reconstruction of Ukraine. For the development of aviation transport in the context of the development of transportation on the territory of Ukraine, it is necessary first of all to determine the strategic directions of the post-war development of the transport industry of Ukraine and potential resource opportunities for their solution. A method of increasing the energy efficiency and reliability of the power supply of aviation enterprises is proposed, which will allow performing a high-quality reconfiguration of the existing energy networks of aviation enterprises and performing a high-quality design of new modern infrastructure networks of the aviation industry.

The Internet of Things (IoT) in World Practice: Review and Analysis

This article explores the contemporary realm of the Internet of Things (IoT) and its influence on society and the economy. The primary emphasis lies in examining the principal patterns within the realm of IoT, encompassing the escalation of connected device quantities and the utilisation of 5G networks. The article encompasses various facets, including an overview of the evolution and possibilities of IoT, encompassing the advancement of intelligent urban areas and the influence of 5G networks. The analysis of threats and vulnerabilities related to this technology focuses on detecting common flaws, including weak passwords, unsecured network services, and inadequate privacy measures.
 Furthermore, the essay presents concrete hazards in diverse sectors that employ IoT technology. Particular emphasis is given to potential cybersecurity vulnerabilities in healthcare, manufacturing, agriculture, retail, transport and logistics, energy, and smart cities. These businesses have distinct challenges and hazards due to incorporating IoT technologies.
 The authors also analyse the substantial financial commitment to IoT and its profound influence on the worldwide economy, including data on the expansion of the IoT market and investments in IoT technologies and smart cities. The findings emphasise that the Internet of Things (IoT) substantially influences society and the economy. However, it necessitates meticulous consideration of cybersecurity and privacy concerns. The authors underscore the significance of creating efficacious cyber security policies to safeguard against the possible hazards presented by IoT technology.
 
 

Transformation of the Geological Environment under the Influence of Liquid Radioactive Waste (Russian Experience in Studying Historical Nuclear Disposal)

Due to various historical events, in the Russian Federation, in addition to the radioactive waste storage facilities used in world practice, there are various nuclear and radiation hazardous facilities that require special procedures for monitoring and decommissioning. One of these facilities is the disposal site for LRW on the territory of the JSC Siberian Chemical Plant, where specially prepared waste is injected into sand reservoirs lying at depths of 300–350 m between clayey strata. This study examines in detail the features of the lithological and mineral composition of reservoir sands and aquitards. The processes of environmental transformation in reservoir sands, which lead to changes in the composition and structure of rocks, were characterized. These processes manifest themselves in the form of the development of leaching zones and their “healing” with newly formed smectite, the destruction of terrigenous grains, including the development of cracks, and the growth of newly formed smectite in the pore space of reservoirs. The forms of occurrence and localization of authigenic smectite formed as a result of technogenic impact are described. It has been shown that, despite the obvious impact of highly reactive solutions accompanying liquid radioactive waste, the insulating properties of the geological environment are maintained and even improved to some extent.

ANALYSIS OF FOREIGN EXPERIENCE IN ENSURING THE STABILITY OF THE NATIONAL CURRENCY

This article examines the essence of ensuring the stability of the national currency in world practice both at the present stage and in the context of the historical development of foreign exchange markets. It is noted that the main criterion for the stability of the national currency is the ratio of the money supply and GDP of the country, which determines the totality of implemented currency, monetary and other policies in the financial sector of the country. The article describes the development of the problems of the formation of a stable ruble and the introduction of its various forms, including the digital ruble.

INNOVATIVE APPROACHES TO THE FORMATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF INTERSECTORAL COOPERATION

The article is concerned with the study of theoretical foundations and practical aspects of formation and development of intersectoral cooperation in world practice. The article considers the existent approaches to the definition of the concept of "intersectoral cooperation", in particular from the standpoint of generating innovative solutions to existing problems, as well as its features and types. It is found that intersectoral cooperation is a constructive and mutually beneficial interaction of three sectors: the state, the business sector and institutions of civil society. The conditions for ensuring effectiveness in the process of establishing intersectoral cooperation are determined. The importance of the communication process as the basis of interaction is emphasised. The institutional structure of intersectoral partnership is outlined, including regulatory principles, mechanisms for implementing the principles and corporate social responsibility. The prerequisites and features of the emergence of intersectoral partnership at the regional level are determined. The experience of foreign countries in the development of intersectoral cooperation in various fields, in particular of the EU member states, is considered.

DISTANCE EDUCATION

This study focuses on global trends in the development of education, with a special emphasis on distance learning. The current state and prospects for the development of this form of education both abroad and in Ukraine are considered. Emphasis is placed on the analysis of key challenges and potential threats to the national interests of Ukraine in the context of the lag in the implementation and integration of distance learning. Special attention is paid to recommendations for the popularization of distance learning in Ukraine. Specific measures aimed at improving the quality and accessibility of distance education are proposed. This includes the development and implementation of the latest technological solutions, educational programs that meet international standards, as well as expanding the network of access to educational resources for all categories of the population. The study also includes an analysis of successful world practices in the field of distance education that can be adapted for the Ukrainian context. Studying the experience of other countries makes it possible to determine effective strategies and methods that will contribute to the development of the educational sphere in Ukraine, making it more competitive and modern.

Artificial intelligence in construction industry

Purpose: The aim of this work is to study new trends in construction, their advantages and disadvantages, application of innovations, analysis of operability and efficiency of new technologies in the global construction industry.Methodology/approach: The literature review and systematization, study the expert opinion on open access resources, portals of private enthusiasts involved in seeking for ways to introduce and implement modern technologies in the construction industry.Research findings: The paper presents methods and conditions of using modern technologies in the world practice, disadvantages and advantages of technologies, the concept of artificial intelligence and its application in the construction industry.Value: The study of currently used modern technologies in the construction industry and their implementation in world practice.

The concept of reconstructing the spatial-planning structure of historical quarters using small-sized block sections

The method of reconstruction of historical quarters of the city of Samara is considered. The proposed approach is based on the method of permanent reconstruction of block buildings using small-sized block sections. To substantiate the proposed approach, a number of objects from world practice are analyzed. The features of the architectural and planning structure of Samara's historical quarters and the sociocultural conditions for the formation of the modern architectural appearance of the Samara courtyard are revealed. An experimental model for the reconstruction of the Samara quarter is proposed.

ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ВВЕДЕНИЯ ДОСУДЕБНОЙ ПРОБАЦИИ В РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ

Taking into account the provisions of international acts, the article substantiates the need to develop a conceptual justification for the introduction of pre-trial probation in Russia, which is not included in Federal Law No. 10-FZ of February 6, 2023 “About probation in the Russian Federation.” The authors also analyze three previous draft laws on probation, which were discussed in our country in the second decade of the 21st century. Three models of pre-trial probation, generally accepted in world practice, are considered, and arguments are given for the possibility of implementing its judicial model in Russia as the most consistent with established law enforcement practice in the field of criminal litigation.

Adjuvant radiotherapy after brain metastasectomy: analysis of consecutive cohort of 118 patients from real world practice.

The aim of this retrospective study is to analyze a consecutive cohort of brain metastasis (BM) patients treated off clinical trials through combination of surgery and radiotherapy over the last 15 years in a tertiary neurooncology center. All BM patients operated between 2007-2019 received adjuvant linac-based radiotherapy categorized to whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) and tumor bed stereotactic radiotherapy. Survival outcomes and local control was analyzed. In total, 118 patients were enrolled, those with stereotactic radiotherapy (41%) had better baseline characteristics mirrored in longer overall survival (OS) [18 vs. 7.1 months, p < 0.001; hazard ratio (HR) 0.47, p = 0.004] with median follow-up of 58 months. Cumulative incidence for local, distant, and extracranial control was not significantly different between groups, with 12-month cumulative control of 22% vs. 18%, 44% vs. 29%, and 35% vs. 32% for stereotactic and WBRT group, respectively. WBRT was an independent factor for better distal brain control. Real world data demonstrating significantly better overall survival in patients treated with postoperative targeted radiotherapy compared with postoperative WBRT is presented, with no significant difference in cumulative incidence for local or distant brain control. The majority of patients with targeted radiotherapy had a fractionated dose schedule with outcomes comparable to single-dose radiation trials of postoperative targeted radiotherapy.

Суд с участием присяжных заседателей как функциональная гарантия независимости правосудия в современной России

The article examines a number of current scientific and practically applied problems related to the functional aspect in the mechanism for ensuring the constitutional principle of independence of justice. According to the author, the judiciary has not acquired adequate functional independence, mainly because society has not developed a sustainable value of respect for an independent and impartial court. Society should experience a more active demand for the impartiality of the state in the event of contentious relations between people. With such social disagreement and imbalance of interests, special constitutional and functional guarantees of the independence and impartiality of justice are required. World (continuously) and domestic (with a certain historical “gap” during the functioning of the USSR) practice indicates that the most optimal way to achieve this goal is the functional separation of issues of law and fact, which in criminal proceedings is most effectively achieved through the coexistence and coordinated activities of a professional judge and a panel of independent jurors.