World Wide Web Information Research Articles

Advancing Global Research Equity: Strengthening Scientific Output in Middle-Income Economies

The developments in science and technology have gone through several milestones in society and can be traced back to the 1700s: The first industrial revolution during which the biggest changes came in industries in the form of mechanization marked by inventions such as the steam engine; the second industrial revolution during which the emergence of new sources of energy—electricity, gas, and oil took place leading to inventions such as the internal combustion engine; the third industrial revolution which saw the rise in electronics, telecommunications and computers, opening the doors to space expeditions and research creating an era of a high level of automation and, the fourth industrial revolution, a phase that we are currently going through is an Internet-based world of virtual reality, in which the boundaries of the physical, digital and the biological worlds overlap. Our society has become a part of these evolutionary phases and as scientists, we have been sharing the advancement of knowledge during our formal teaching and creating new knowledge through research at universities and other research organizations. Along with teaching and research, stakeholder awareness as well as identification and implementation of appropriate policy changes in Science & Technology are key in contributing to economic and social progression. The process of transforming scientific research outcomes into viable technologies and innovative solutions is complex and necessitates dedicated focus. Increasing sociopolitical pressure directs us to translate our research into products and services. However, it is well known that not all knowledge generated through research leads to innovations. Nevertheless, for the basis for innovations to be formed, a strong culture of research is required. Although our findings through applied research should be effectively translated and commercialized where possible, fundamental research should not be forgotten but encouraged. It is the quest to find the fundamental particles by scientists at CERN, that led Sir Tim Berners-Lee, to create the Internet-based World Wide Web for information sharing, considered to be one of the greatest inventions of all time. The development and deployment of the James Webb Space Telescope, designed to probe the origins and evolution of the universe, has catalyzed a multitude of groundbreaking innovations. This endeavor has not only advanced our knowledge in astrophysics but also yielded significant technological spillovers, including novel materials and cutting-edge technologies with broad applications beneficial to society at large. The consistent dissemination of research findings in scholarly journals is an important aspect of a strong research culture. The research output of a country is often seen as an indicator of the economic advancement of a country. A study conducted recently by the National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics USA (https://ncses.nsf.gov), indicates a steady rise in the research output of every country, but a clear demarcation in the output levels between countries of high, middle and low-income economies as shown in the figure.

DIGITALISATION OF LIBRARIES (DIGITAL LIBRARIES) AND ITS SCOPE

In comparison to traditional libraries, digital libraries provide efficient and qualitative services by collecting, organizing, storing, disseminating, retrieving and preserving the information. Digital libraries support preservation besides making information retrieval and delivery more comfortable. It provides online access to historical and cultural documents whose existence is endangered due to physical decay. The major areas which offer digital libraries great exploitation are: Information retrieval, multimedia database, data mining, data warehouse, on-line information repositories, image processing, hypertext, World Wide Web and Wide Area Information Services (WAIS). Digital libraries necessarily include a strong focus on the management of digital content, just as traditional libraries have focused for long on the management of content in physical forms. Most of the digital content that is being managed includes human language, either in the form of character-coded electronic text, scanned versions of printed or handwritten text, or digital representations of human speech. Language technology therefore plays a major role in managing digital content. This comes as no surprise, of course. Digital libraries today make good use of what we know about searching large collections, and techniques such as machine-assisted indexing are employed increasingly often as we strive to extend our reach to progressively larger collections. But we are on the verge of a new era, one in which our machines will learn from what we do and then apply those capabilities to enable the management of digital content at a far larger scale than we could ever hope to do ourselves. Few advantages of digital libraries according to Haddouti are:User can access the information anywhere Reduces bureaucracy by providing access to the information The information is not necessarily located in same place Understanding the catalogue structure is not necessary Cross references to other documents speed up the work of users Full text search Protected information source Wide exploration and exploitation of the information The knowledge dissemination is an integral part of the success story of the popularity of creating digital libraries. The aim is to provide universal access to human knowledge, and given the advancement of digital storage and communications this goal is now achievable. KEY WORDS: Digitalization of Libraries, Role of community information centers in digitalization of libraries.

Rural Broadband Internet Access: The Key to Rural Workforce Development

The slower pace of growth for Broadband internet access has had a cascading effect on more rural areas causing slower growth and creating barriers to access the world wide web of information. This article examines Jones County, a rural county in eastern North Carolina, as an example of how we could possibly grow people where they live and grant internet access to rural citizens. One way to do this is with creative internet access in areas that are underserved to grow rural workforces in place. The article also examines growing the rural workforce, improving rural health, and improved telemedicine.

An Integrated Approach for Knowledge discovery and Information retrieval on Web

This Paper focuses on the integration of web information and subsequent knowledge relationship discovery within the integrated web data. The problem of information overload on the Internet has brought new attention to the ideas of filtering information on internet. Knowledge Discovery is often used for analysis of large amounts of web data and enables addressing a number of tasks that arise in Semantic Web and require scalable solutions. The World Wide Web and related web Information resources no arguably stand as the best-preferred medium for distributing information. It introduces various approaches to knowledge relation discovery like model creation, exact comparison and dynamic comparison. The nature of the web and the mass of valuable web information it holds, poses an ideal stage for applying data mining techniques for efficient discovery of knowledge from the World Wide Web. The eagerness shown by various research communities has made web based data mining (Web Mining) a rich mixture of different technologies. Therefore the heterogeneity in the area of web mining is as high as web itself. Our objective is to design an approach for information filtering, a general approach to personalized information filtering. Social Information filtering essentially automates the process of “word-of-mouth” recommendations: items are recommended to a user based upon values assigned by other people with similar taste. The system determines which users have similar taste via standard formulas for computing statistical correlations. The World Wide Web (WWW) provides a vast source of information. Technique for making personalized recommendations from any type of database to a user based on similarities between the interest profile of that user and those of other users. Recent years have seen the explosive growth of the sheer volume of information.

Examining the need for culturally responsive digital learning


 
 
 
 This article addresses the pedagogy and practice of tertiary learning, and in particular it asks, how is there a need for culturally responsive digital learning? Research shows how, worldwide, classroom content is being delivered through shifting, digitally-infused curriculum (van Dijck, 2013; Netsafe, 2016; Orr, 2016; Revere & Kovach, 2011). The focus of this article is to examine ways in which online, participatory structures work to engage all learners. In New Zealand tertiary contexts, there is an increasing number of culturally diverse student cohorts (particularly due to international education marketing and strategies [Ministry of Education, 2017]). I consider how common spaces in the digital platforms available for educational purposes can be seen to embody a common culture. Research informing this article comes from two studies I have undertaken. The first is a practical inquiry of the use of online spaces in the ‘global classroom’ (a term defined in this case as the world wide web of information, and also an institution’ s role to educate within a multinational, multicultural population). The second is a qualitative look into how educators discovered effective learning practices, for international students in particular, based upon a study that included educator interviews at one tertiary institute. Merging data from both studies indicated that incorporating digital learning through the now-familiar online spaces requires more dynamic, culturally responsive pedagogy. This research aims to provide some improved insight for all educators looking to answer this posed question. 
 
 
 

Bio-inspired approaches for extractive document summarization: A comparative study

With the exponential growth of information in World Wide Web, extracting relevant information from huge amount of data has become a critical task. Text summarization has been appeared as one of the solution to such problem. As the main objective is to retrieve a condensed document that pertain the original information, so it can be considered as an optimization problem. In this paper, a comparative analysis of few meta-heuristic approaches such as Cuckoo Search (CS), Cat Swarm Optimization (CSO), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Harmony Search (HS), and Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm is presented for single document summarization problem. The performance of all these algorithms are compared in terms of different evaluation metrics such as F score, true positive rate and positive predicate value to validate summary relevancy and non-redundancy over traditional and standard Document Understanding Conference (DUC) datasets.

Аудиторія українського сегмента Всесвітнього павутиння (початок 2017 року)

The purpose of the study was to determine development trends of online media and their audience in Ukraine and ascertain of their mediametric characteristics. Special attention was paid to the social media and especially to the creation and distribution of user-generated content on web pages. For this purpose, a range of qualitative and quantitative methods was used, in particular, the method of statistical analysis of data with taking into account the statistical error of measurement and uniformity of distribution of respondents in the middle of representational sample. The methods of comparison and content analysis were also used. The main method of gathering information was a survey of 1576 respondents who answered 16 proposed questions, most of the respondents were aged 18-30. The survey investigated the following questions: purpose and frequency of social media usage, the sources, which are often applied by the audience to receive news, level of trust to information in World Wide Web, platforms, which were used to find information, etc. Questions, which help to determine how readers consume information, how they read material, importance of illustrative, interactivity, multimedia elements, etc. were investigated. As a result of the study we asserted the state of Ukrainian audience of online media in early 2017 and trends of its development. We submitted the detailed measurements of sampled online media readers, obtained through the online survey and by applying cloud technology for statistical studies, particularly Polldaddy. Special attention was devoted to the development of social media and their audience, the peculiarities of their development with the specific Ukrainian segment of the World Wide Web. Based on these data, we studied the preferences of websites users, investigated the perception of journalistic products in Networks and the distribution of user-generated content on web pages. We analysed of the usage and perception of various illustrative content and its distribution characteristics with help of modern information technology. Studies of other scholars who investigated these issues were also considered, and their results were reflected in the conclusions. The trends and patterns of the network, including social media and their audience, were determined.

Survey Paper on Semantic Web

The World Wide Web (WWW) allows the people to share the information (data) from the large database repositories globally. The tremendous growth in the volume of data and with the terrific growth of number of web pages, traditional search engines now days are not appropriate and not suitable anymore. Search engine is the most important tool to discover any information in World Wide Web. Semantic Search Engine is born of traditional search engine to overcome the above problem. However, to overcome this problem in search engines to retrieve meaningful information intelligently, semantic web technologies are playing a major role. In this paper the authors present survey on the role of search engines in intelligent web, Background, Challenges and some issues.

SEMANTIC DESCRIPTION FOR THE TAXONOMY OF THE GEOSPATIAL SERVICES

Abstract:With the advances in the World Wide Web and Geographic Information System, geospatial services have progressively developed to provide geospatial data and processing functions online. In order to efficiently discover and manage the large amount of geospatial services, these services are registered with semantic descriptions and categorized into classes according to certain taxonomies. Most taxonomies for geospatial services are only provided in the human readable format. The lack of semantic description for taxonomies limits the semantic-based discovery of geospatial services. The objectives of this paper are proposing an approach to semantically describe the taxonomy of geospatial services and using the semantic descriptions for taxonomy to improve the discovery of geospatial services. A semantic description framework is introduced for geospatial service taxonomy to describe not only the hierarchical structure of classes but also the definitions for all classes. The semantic description of taxonomy base on this framework is further used to simplify the semantic description and registration of geospatial services and enhance the semantic-based service matching method.

Design and Implementation of Landscape Plant Information Search Engine

With the explosive growth of the World Wide Web information, we need the appropriate retrieval tools, especially the retrieval of the professional information, we need a embody of search engines with the professional vocabulary features. Based on the research of search engine's core technology, this paper presents a design scheme which is the botanical garden plant information search engine based on Internet data, we descript of its design.

Web Usage Mining, Pattern Discovery dan Log File

Analysis of data to access the server can provide significant and useful information for performance improvement, restructuring andimproving the effectiveness of a web site. Data mining is one of the most effective way to detect a series of patterns of information from large amounts of data. Application of data mining on Internet use called web mining is a set of data mining techniques are used for the web. Web mining technologies and data mining is a combination of web, which is the integration of technology resources extracted from the information world wide web as the implications of the web resources of interest to know the value of the model extraction Potentialuse of data mining algorithms over a variety of observational data for identify patterns of web resources. Target analysis of web mining is the data from the web, such as data visitors access, web page structure, and format web pages. Target analysis of the study is that web mining web usage mining using association rules on the website www.faperta.unja.ac.id obtained from the log file that is used to discover the navigation patterns, and discover the rules of the association between a combination of items. To determine the pattern ofvisits in a web, and to identify what pages are frequented by visitors of a website, which can be used to improve website design andrecommend the display, as well as the links are often used by visitors, so the quality of services from website www.faperta.unja.ac.id can be provided effectively and efficiently. Keywords : Web Mining; Web usage mining; Data mining; Log file; Website; World wide web

An Overview of Information Filtering Methods

The exponential increase of information in World Wide Web has made the retrieval of relevant information a challenging task. Information filtering and retrieval are the two major areas which have gained more attention in the recent years. This paper gives an account on the similarities and differences between information filtering and retrieval, the steps involved in filtering and the types of information filtering. It also throws light on the evaluation parameters for filtering. Keywords: Information Retrieval, Information Filtering, Ontology, Filtering Types

Enhancement in Semantic Web using Web Services

The Semantic Web is a mesh of data connected up in such a way as to be effortlessly apply method on an international scale .It has being an efficient way of comprising data on World Wide Web, or as a globally linked databases.The significance of Semantic web is to comprise the data at alone location. This can be done likely with the World Wide Web service methods,which allows the functionality of various web sites into alone which is called web services.This paper shows the implementation minutia of web services.It also display that how the semantic web can be applied using World wide web services.The conceive of these web services is based on genuine servers which contains World Wide Web information.

Finding Emotional-Laden Resources on the World Wide Web

Some content in multimedia resources can depict or evoke certain emotions in users. The aim of Emotional Information Retrieval (EmIR) and of our research is to identify knowledge about emotional-laden documents and to use these findings in a new kind of World Wide Web information service that allows users to search and browse by emotion. Our prototype, called Media EMOtion SEarch (MEMOSE), is largely based on the results of research regarding emotive music pieces, images and videos. In order to index both evoked and depicted emotions in these three media types and to make them searchable, we work with a controlled vocabulary, slide controls to adjust the emotions’ intensities, and broad folksonomies to identify and separate the correct resource-specific emotions. This separation of so-called power tags is based on a tag distribution which follows either an inverse power law (only one emotion was recognized) or an inverse-logistical shape (two or three emotions were recognized). Both distributions are well known in information science. MEMOSE consists of a tool for tagging basic emotions with the help of slide controls, a processing device to separate power tags, a retrieval component consisting of a search interface (for any topic in combination with one or more emotions) and a results screen. The latter shows two separately ranked lists of items for each media type (depicted and felt emotions), displaying thumbnails of resources, ranked by the mean values of intensity. In the evaluation of the MEMOSE prototype, study participants described our EmIR system as an enjoyable Web 2.0 service.

Improve feature selection method of web page language identification using fuzzy ARTMAP

The information available in languages other than English on the World Wide Web and global information systems is increasing significantly. Different languages can be produced by using one particular script such as Arabic, Persian, Urdu and Pashto that use Arabic script letters. The issue is how to produce reliable features of a web page that is to undergo language identification. Incorrectly identifying the language results in garbled translations as well as faulty and incomplete analyses. The aim of this study is to enhance the effectiveness of feature selection method of web page language identification. We have investigated total N-grams, N-grams frequency, N-grams frequency document frequency, and N-grams frequency inverse document frequency of web page language identification. From the experimental results, it is proven that N-grams frequency gives the most promising result compared to other feature selection methods.

Exemplar-based Visualization of Large Document Corpus (InfoVis2009-1115)

With the rapid growth of the World Wide Web and electronic information services,text corpus is becoming available on-line at an incredible rate.By displaying text data in a logical layout (e.g., color graphs),text visualization presents a direct way to observe the documents as well as understand the relationship between them.In this paper, we propose a novel technique, Exemplar-based Visualization (EV), to visualize an extremely large text corpus. Capitalizing on recent advances in matrix approximation and decomposition, EV presents a probabilistic multidimensional projection model in the low-rank text subspace with a sound objective function. The probability of each document proportion to the topics is obtained through iterative optimization and embedded to a low dimensional space using parameter embedding.By selecting the representative exemplars, we obtain a compact approximation of the data. This makes the visualization highly efficient and flexible. In addition, the selected exemplars neatly summarize the entire data set and greatly reduce the cognitive overload in the visualization, leading to an easier interpretation of large text corpus. Empirically, we demonstrate the superior performance of EV through extensive experiments performed on the publicly available text data sets.

Electronic Government and Electronic Civics

Electronic government and electronic civics embrace a wide range of topics. Electronic government and electronic civics include in their purview the development, use, and implications of new practices, processes, forms and interests in government and civic life occasioned by the Internet, World Wide Web and related information and communication technologies. They are concerned with individuals and the groups they form and sustain in order to bring coherence and stability to community life. At a slightly higher level of analysis, electronic government and electronic civics take account of the use and implications of the Internet for all forms of civic engagement from the development and articulation of individual and group values and interests in public affairs to the many relationships between and among communities, the polity, and the state. With respect to formal government systems, electronic government and electronic civics encompass the use and implications of information and communication technologies in all branches of government - the legislature, executive, and judiciary - as well as at all levels of government including local, state, federal, transnational, and global. The intersection of the Internet and governance spans the traditional fields and subfields of community politics and participation as well as those of political sociology, political science, and political economy.

Judging nursing information on the WWW: a theoretical understanding

This paper is a report of a study of the judgement processes nurses use when evaluating World Wide Web information related to nursing practice. The World Wide Web has increased the global accessibility of online health information. However, the variable nature of the quality of World Wide Web information and its perceived level of reliability may lead to misinformation. This makes demands on healthcare professionals, and on nurses in particular, to ensure that health information of reliable quality is selected for use in practice. A grounded theory approach was adopted. Semi-structured interviews and focus groups were used to collect data, between 2004 and 2005, from 20 nurses undertaking a postqualification graduate course at a university and 13 nurses from a local hospital in the United Kingdom. A theoretical framework emerged that gave insight into the judgement process nurses use when evaluating World Wide Web information. Participants broke the judgement process down into specific tasks. In addition, they used tacit, process and propositional knowledge and intuition, quasi-rational cognition and analysis to undertake these tasks. World Wide Web information cues, time available and nurses' critical skills were influencing factors in their judgement process. Addressing the issue of quality and reliability associated with World Wide Web information is a global challenge. This theoretical framework could contribute towards meeting this challenge.

Editor’s Choice

The World Wide Web (WWW) has become a key source of information about anything and everything, both at home and at work. There are some regions of the world, and parts of countries, where internet access is still limited or non-existent but its spread is steadily increasing. For healthcare professionals who do have internet access, the WWW provides a rich resource. And, as access to ward-based and hand-held computers steadily increases, the WWW is used more and more on a day-to-day basis in health care to answer clinical questions, inform decision-making and respond to patients’ own increasing use of the internet. Nurses may have been reluctant users of the WWW in its early days, but more recent surveys, including one published in Journal of Advanced Nursing (Gilmour et al. 2007), show that nurses are now regularly using the internet and finding it useful. Gilmour et al.’s respondents, who were postgraduate nursing students in New Zealand, were generally positive about the value of the WWW, but there were concerns about the credibility of some information. This is a reasonable concern, of course it is, because the WWW is not regulated, and much of the information on it is not quality assured. Or, if it has been, we do not necessarily know that it has been, or how that was done, and with what degree of authority. Information on the WWW that is inaccurate, prejudiced or out of date is not helpful and, worse still, potentially dangerous. So, nurses need to learn how to use the WWW selectively and judiciously, but how they do that? How do we judge what information is relevant, valid and reliable and, therefore, safe to use? These important questions drove the enquiry that is reported by Cader, Campbell and Watson in this issue of JAN (pp. 1916–1925). Cader et al. recognized that we need to go beyond documentation of nurses’ use of the WWW and try to understand it from a theoretical perspective. In order to identify the cognitive processes used by nurses to judge the relevance and reliability of WWW information, they used a grounded theory approach. Their study involved the participation of two groups of nurses in interviews and focus groups. The first group comprised twenty nurses undertaking postgraduate study in the university and the second group of thirteen were all critical care nurses in the local hospital. Unsurprisingly, Cader et al. found that various cognitive methods were employed in dealing with WWW information, both intuitive and analytical in nature. The examples of what the nurses said in their interviews and discussion groups make really interesting reading and help to make sense of the explanatory theoretical framework that Cader et al. present in their paper (Figure 1, p. 1919). Called the InQuAn framework, it is offered to empower nurses to judge the reliability of web-based information by showing the relationship between WWW judgment tasks, the focus of knowledge involved, and the relevant modes of cognition required. Its name – InQuAn - reflects the three main modes of cognition used by the study participants: intuition, quasi-rational cognition and analysis. InQuAn does not provide us with a foolproof toolkit that will transform immediately our use of the WWW, but it is a very helpful framework. It is intended primarily for nurses as users of WWW information, but Cader et al. also point out (p. 1923) that it is also applicable to the information providers. On JAN we have continued to crank up the demands we make on our authors to demonstrate clearly – for the reassurance of readers – that work being reported in JAN has rigor and reliability. Cader et al.’s paper is a helpful reminder of the responsibilities of those they describe as ‘health information publishers’. As a journal that is now online and very widely used through the medium of the internet, Journal of Advanced Nursing must (and will) continue to address those responsibilities.

How students evaluate information and sources when searching the World Wide Web for information

The World Wide Web (WWW) has become the biggest information source for students while solving information problems for school projects. Since anyone can post anything on the WWW, information is often unreliable or incomplete, and it is important to evaluate sources and information before using them. Earlier research has shown that students have difficulties with evaluating sources and information. This study investigates the criteria secondary educational students use while searching the Web for information. 23 students solved two information problems while thinking aloud. After completing the tasks they were interviewed in groups on their use of criteria. Results show that students do not evaluate results, source and information very often. The criteria students mention when asked which criteria are important for evaluating information are not always the same criteria they mention while solving the information problems. They mentioned more criteria but also admitted not always using these criteria while searching the Web.