World Renewable Energy Research Articles

Overview of the Energy Scenario in India and the World's Renewable Energy Sources

The goal of renewable energy is to provide the power that originates from natural resources such as sunlight, wind, and other sources. Since the use of green energy enhances the environment and reduces global energy consumption, the attention of researchers in this field has been focused on methods of developing green energy resources. Because of using natural resources, the need for microgrid energy systems will be increasing. This paper aims to give an overview of the energy scenario in India and the world renewable energy sources existing in the market today and consider the advantage of using renewable energy resources (RES). This study, afford a brief overview of various RES, their status in India and the World, the socio-economic impact of RES, challenges associated with it, and the future of RES in India in India and the World.

The Significance of Renewable Energy in a Water-Scarce World: A Case Study of Jordan

The Significance of Renewable Energy in a Water-Scarce World: A Case Study of Jordan

Green Financial Crime: Expose About Financial Crime In The Environment And Renewable Energy World

Financial crimes related to the environment and renewable energy sector, known as green financial crimes, have become a global concern due to their negative impact on the economy, environment, and sustainable development. This research aims to find out the phenomenon of green financial crimes, the impacts caused, as well as the challenges and obstacles in overcoming this problem. This research uses a doctrinal, descriptive-perscriptive research method using content analysis. To address these issues, this study recommends strategies involving the government, private sector, and society, such as counselling, strict supervision, and strict law enforcement. With a better understanding of green finance crime, it is hoped that various parties can work together to combat this crime so that renewable energy development and environmental preservation can run more efficiently and effectively to achieve sustainable development goals.

Alternative Uses of Hydroelectric Power Plants in a Decarbonized Energy Scenario

Drastic reduction of greenhouse gases emissions depends, among other factors, on a quick and efficient integration of renewable sources in the energy generation pool. In this context, hydropower nowadays represents the biggest share of the world renewable energy generation. However, in the case of European Union, many hydropower plants are about to reach their end-of-life stage and environmental regulations on the recovery of natural water flows require these plants to be dismantled. In the controversial scenario where the need to recover natural waterflows and the loss of a key source of green energy clash with each other, the objective of this work is to provide an exhaustive review of the different auxiliary services that hydropower plants can provide in the current and especially future decarbonized electricity paradigm. To this end, services such as participation in secondary and tertiary regulation markets, power purchase agreements, local energy communities, reduction of curtailments, renewable energy storage or contribution to physical inertia to the grid are analyzed and final conclusions are drawn.

Accelerating the development of a sustainable bioenergy portfolio through stable isotopes

AbstractBioenergy could help limit global warming to 2°C above pre‐industrial levels while supplying almost a fourth of the world's renewable energy needs by 2050. However, the deployment of bioenergy raises concerns that adoption at meaningful scales may lead to unintended negative environmental consequences. Meanwhile, the full consolidation of a bioenergy industry is currently challenged by a sufficient, resilient, and resource‐efficient biomass supply and an effective conversion process. Here, we provide a comprehensive analysis of how stable isotope approaches have accelerated the development of a robust bioeconomy by advancing knowledge about environmental sustainability, feedstock development, and biological conversion. We show that advances in stable isotope research have generated crucial information to (1) gain mechanistic insight into the potential of bioenergy crops to mitigate climate change as well as their impact on water and nutrient cycling; (2) develop high‐yielding, resilient feedstocks that produce high‐value bioproducts in planta; and (3) engineer microbes to enhance feedstock conversion to bioenergy products. Further, we highlight knowledge gaps that could benefit from future research facilitated by stable isotope approaches. We conclude that advances in mechanistic knowledge and innovations within the field of stable isotopes in cross‐disciplinary research actions will greatly contribute to breaking down the barriers to establishing a robust bioeconomy.

Design and Fabrication of Solar Windmill

In recent era, research and development activities in the field of renewable energy, especially wind and solar, have been considerably increased, due to the worldwide energy crisis and high global emission. Wind turbines & Solar are becoming popular in the renewable energy world. The design of hybrid electricity generation system by utilizing both solar and wind renewable energy to the domestic household in the remote area and for many applications like beside railway tracks, railway stations, highways for power generation, and for charging of electrical vehicle. The primary goal of the project is to design and create a compact wind turbine and solar panel to be used as an efficient way to generate electricity anywhere. It is not possible to operate a horizontal axis wind turbine for domestic use. Because it can function in low wind conditions as well, the Savonius vertical axis wind turbine may be a preferable option. According to tests, hybrid systems are the best option for supplying "high quality" power.

Carbon capture and utilization: More than hiding CO2 for some time

Carbon capture and utilization: More than hiding CO2 for some time

Harnessing the power of environmental flows: Sustaining river ecosystem integrity while increasing energy potential at hydropower dams

Hydropower comprises the largest portion of the world's renewable energy portfolio yet induces significant environmental effects in river and floodplain ecosystems. Many countries are seeking to increase hydropower capacity primarily through the construction of new dams; however, this overlooks the potential energy that can be gained from optimizing existing hydropower infrastructure. Environmental regulatory protocols globally, and especially in the US, require hydropower facilities to provide environmental flows to downstream riverine ecosystems. Most of these facilities, however, fail to capture additional hydropower energy from these releases, such as passing them through smaller turbines. Herein, we conducted a US-wide analysis of the potential additional hydropower capacity and generation that could be available if environmental flows were harnessed for energy. We used two approaches based on availability of information: one reliant on available stream flow data to identify specific optimal turbine sizes, and another using a design-envelope approach, to accommodate situations where flow data was unavailable. Using available historical flow data and plant characteristics from over 200 existing hydropower facilities, the addition of minimum flow turbines could provide up to 730 MW of capacity and generate nearly 1.8 TWh of energy annually. Across the remaining hydropower fleet, the envelope approach suggests there may be anywhere from 12 TWh to 66 TWh of additional energy, supplied from a capacity increase of 2.5 GW–13.5 GW annually. Ultimately, this suggests that uncaptured environmental flows provide anywhere from 4% to 18% potential increase in US hydropower capacity and 4%–24% increase in generation.

Pyrolysis of Aesculus chinensis Bunge Leaves as for Extracted Bio-Oil Material.

Biomass rapid pyrolysis technology is easy to implement in continuous production and industrial application, and has become one of the leading technologies in the field of world renewable energy development. Agricultural and forestry waste is an important resource of renewable energy in China. In general, abandoned leaves in forest areas cause serious waste of resources. Its utilization may help to settle the problems of energy deficiency and environment pollution. In this study, Aesculus chinensis Bunge leaves (A. Bunge) are used as the research object to study the pyrolysis and extract. The results showed that there are a lot of bioactive components in A. Bunge leaves extract, including acetamide, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, R-limonene, d-mannose, and dihydroxyacetone. The active components of A. Bunge leaves supply scientific evidence for the exploration and exploitation of this plant. The pyrolysis products of A. Bunge leaves are rich in organic acids, aldehydes, and ketones, which means that A. Bunge leaves can be used as a crude material for the manufacturing of bio-oil or bio-fuel. The pyrolysis products include batilol, pregnenolone, benzoic acid, butyrolactone, and propanoic acid, which can be used in biological medicine, chemical crude materials, and industrial raw material reagents. Therefore, A. Bunge leaves can be used as a good crude material for bio-oil or biofuel production. Combining A. Bunge leaves and fast pyrolysis methods can effectively solve the problem of forestry and agricultural residues in the future.

Patent analysis for generating the technology landscape and competition situation of renewable energy

The rapidly growing state of energy consumption and the urgency of mitigating the harmful effects of climate change have accelerated our transition to renewable energy. This paper proposes a multi-level framework for exploring the global competition to develop renewable energy technologies. Through a combination of text mining techniques and by analyzing a corpus of patents covering six renewable energy technologies from 1970 to 2019, we reveal the lifecycle of these technologies, the original sources of these technologies, their potential markets, and the different supply and demand patterns of the major countries/regions involved. The results show that solar and wind energy are currently the most widely used renewable energy sources, yet biomass is the only energy source still in its growing stage. China's patents have seen a rapid upward trend, spurred on by strong policy promotion, which runs counter to the decrease in patent applications seen in most other major countries in this area. However, China's technology imports still far outweigh its exports, indicating that there is still a sizeable gap between China and some of the more developed countries like the United States, Germany, France, and the United Kingdom in terms of high-quality, high-value patents. Accordingly, China, the United States, and Japan are currently the leading in the world's renewable energy markets. That said, the market potential of Europe, Canada, and Australia should not be underestimated. These and more themes are discussed from a political, economic, environmental, and global governance perspective. This paper provides useful insights into the global renewable energy technology landscape, particularly the competitive dynamics at play. The aim is to guide policy makers or managers on the next steps in our progress toward applying and using renewable energy at scale.

The assessment of renewable energy in Poland on the background of the world renewable energy sector

The issues of the article are associated with the development of the renewable energy source (RES) sector in the world and in Poland. The subject is undoubtedly connected with the problem of the energy transformation taking place in most countries nowadays. Energy transformation processes are mainly associated with an increase in the share of energy production from RES and increased awareness of energy use by end consumers. This means that the systematic development of the RES sector is a necessary condition for linking the effective course of energy transition processes with simultaneous socio-economic development.The main objective of this study is to present the status of the RES sector in Poland against the background of worldwide development tendencies. The implementation of the objective made it possible to indicate key trends in the production and use of energy from individual RES and to assess to what extent Poland follows global trends. Poland is one of the European countries where hard coal and lignite constitute the main source of energy. On the other hand Poland, as a Member State of the EU, is obliged to implement the energy strategy within the framework of the European Green Deal, where all Member States are to become climate neutral.

Comparative Analysis of Biotechnology Market Development in the BRICS Countries under the World Economy Decarbonization

Subject. Rising prices for mineral fuels, their depletion, dependence of many countries on energy imports are the main factors for countries to switch to alternative fuels. Biofuels provide energy security, reduce environmental damage, and contribute to agriculture development. Objectives. Our aim is to analyze the BRICS countries policies on bioenergy development, to assess the degree of their compliance with the roadmap for decarbonization of the world economy by 2050. Methods. The study employs methods of bibliographic analysis, descriptive statistics, and comparative analysis. It applies statistical materials of the World Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), the UN Climate Program, recent works by Russian and foreign scientists on bioenergy economics. Results. The analysis of time series of data on generation of bioenergy and capacities for bioenergy production in the BRICS countries revealed that Brazil was a leader in bioenergy development until 2019. Then it was replaced by China that increased the production capacity in bioenergy. Both these countries have had a steady growth of bioenergy capacities for ten recent years. The growth is also observed in India, but in Russia and South Africa, bioenergy is poorly developed, and no growth occurs. Conclusions. With competent implementation of the State policy to support biofuels, the development of biofuel technologies can bring significant economic and social benefits. However, the development of biofuel production requires a legal framework, clarity in the implementation of biofuel policies, and incentive mechanisms, like mandatory standards for fuel blends.

Future without Nuclear Energy; is it Feasible, is it Sensible?

Considering the necessity and future role of nuclear energy as relevant to the climate problem, we have focused on the period to the year 2065. For quantification of the required emission reduction we have used IEA WEO 2009 and WEO 2011 data as presented in their Reference strategies predicting emissions with business as usual practices, and WEO 450 Energy strategies which show the time development of allowed emissions consistent with a limit on the global temperature increase of 2 ºC and the peak CO2 concentration of 450 ppm. By extrapolating these data to the year 2065 we obtain 77.4 GtCO2-eq for Reference emission and 10 GtCO2-eq for WEO 450 strategy allowing emission, resulting in 67.4 GtCO2-eq reduction required to come down to sustainable WEO 450 trajectory. The large contributions to emission reduction from fusion energy and fossil fuel with carbon separation and storage are not likely. Main carbon non-emitting sources assumed in the years up to 2065 are proven technology nuclear fission and renewable sources. In our specified strategy aimed to achieve WEO 450 target we assumed an energy mix including nuclear power build-up in the period 2025-2065 to the level of 3300 GW in 2065. With the resulting nuclear contribution of 25.2 GtCO2 to the total required emission reduction of 67.4 GtCO2, what remains for renewable sources, energy saving and increased efficiency of energy use to contribute are prodigious 42.2 GtCO2-eq. Assuming that energy saving and more efficient energy use will by 2065 effect an annual reduction between 10 to 16 GtCO2-eq, remaining 26.2 to 32.2 GtCO2, respectively 27290 and 33540 TWh would be the task for renewable energy sources. Our estimates about contribution of renewable sources going as far as 2065 are based on EREC prediction for EU and on our extension to world total with EREC and GWEC prediction as a guide. Our high, but still credible estimates of predicted world renewable energy contribution by 2065 come to the similar figures between 29260 and 36180 TWh. However, without nuclear contribution in 2065, renewable energy contribution would have to be doubled, practically impossible task in the time period in consideration. Resulting contributions by renewable sources, probably their upper limits, allow some conclusions about the role of nuclear energy in future decades. By combining highest contributions from energy saving, efficiency increase and other measures to reduce emission, apart from energy production, with highest prediction for renewable sources contribution, we obtain the minimum nuclear energy requirement of about 2190 GW in 2065. This minimum nuclear strategy should be planned and prepared for, unless there is strong evidence that other carbon free energy sources (CCS or fusion) could be developed in time. Expansion of nuclear power by about 1800 GW by 2065 would come from different and already developed industrial sector, which can give its contribution to the energy mix, without obstructing the build-up of renewable sources. It would not be wise to forfeit nuclear contribution at least in the period to 2065, critical for the control of climate change.

Climate policy uncertainty and world renewable energy index volatility forecasting

Since the signing of the Paris Agreement in 2015, the global energy structure has undergone unprecedented adjustment, and renewable energy has ushered in a new period of development opportunities. From the perspective of energy stability and sustainable development, this paper uses the generalized autoregression-conditional heteroscedasticity mixed data sampling model (GARCH-MIDAS) to explore the predictive power of climate policy uncertainty (CPU) on the index volatility of renewable energy. At the same time, eight uncertainty indices, including the economic policy uncertainty index and geopolitical risk index variable, are introduced to discuss the impact on the volatility of renewable energy. Furthermore, the out-of-sample prediction accuracy of each model is tested by the out-of-sample ROS2, Model Confidence Set (MCS), direction-of-change (DoC) and other evaluation methods. Climate policy exhibits a superior ability to predict renewable energy volatility, offers a new perspective for the accurate prediction of renewable energy volatility, and provides a reliable guarantee for the sustainable development of the energy market and financial market.

The trend and factors affecting renewable energy distribution and disparity across countries

Renewable energy plays a crucial role in clean energy transformation and emission mitigation. It's, therefore, necessary to understand the trend and factors affecting renewable energy distribution and disparity across countries. This paper investigates the development pattern of renewable energy worldwide. It depicted a distributional picture of the world renewable energy using a club convergence algorithm, to form 5 clubs with 78 economies based on the renewable energy generation during 2000–2018. China, the United Kingdom, and the United States are the top economies in renewable energy generation. And most of the economies are in the clubs with less renewable energy generation. With the Dagum Gini coefficient and decomposition method, it is found that the disparities of renewable energy between clubs are increasing, while the disparity within each club is decreasing. Affluence, demand for energy, technology level, industry and population structure are the factors determining the club according to the result of the ordered probit model and the fixed-effects panel regression model. Target recommendations are proposed for international policy formulations on renewable energy based on the results.

CLIMATE FINANCE IN THE WAKE OF COVID-19: CONNECTEDNESS OF CLEAN ENERGY WITH CONVENTIONAL ENERGY AND REGIONAL STOCK MARKETS

Focusing on raising climate concerns and sustaining a clean ecosystem, the current study strives to examine the connectedness of clean energy markets with conventional energy markets and four regional stock markets of Asia, Pacific, Europe, and America for the period spanning January 1, 2004 to August 31, 2021. We employed the volatility connectedness methodology using dynamic conditional correlation (DCC-GARCH) estimates for analysis purposes. There is pronounced within class connectedness of all markets except conventional energy markets, which showed strong disconnection from the network. However, strong inter-class spillovers are reported between clean energy and regional stock markets. Time-varying analysis revealed that intense spillovers are shaped during the Global Financial Crisis, Shale Oil Crisis, and COVID-19 pandemic. Meanwhile, time-varying net connectedness estimates illuminate that world renewable energy and American stock markets are net transmitters, whereas leftover markets are net recipients of spillovers. Further analysis of sub-sample periods during GFC, SOR, and COVID-19 validate that intense spillovers are formed when markets experience unexpected financial, economic, and global health turmoil. We proposed significant implications for regional stock markets of Asia, Pacific, Europe and America to concentrate on the climate-friendly energy markets than conventional energy markets as they service the clean ecosystem motives more specifically.

Navigating Environmental Approval Pathways for Deep Seabed Mining Projects in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction (the Area)

Abstract Deep-seabed mining (DSM) is a developing industry with high potential to help meet the metal demand for the transition to a renewable energy world. No DSM projects have yet received environmental approval, although several are in progress, following the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) process that has been developed and widely applied for projects in national jurisdictions. Currently, the International Seabed Authority's (ISA) regulations, standards, and guidelines for mineral exploitation of seabed minerals in the Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction (the Area) are in draft form. Proponents are guided in their ESIA studies by the ISA's Recommendations for the Guidance of Contractors for the Assessment of the Possible Environmental Impacts Arising From Exploration for Marine Minerals in the Area and are proceeding in expectation that the currently draft regulations will be finalized by the time an environmental impact statement can be submitted. This paper discusses the pathways leading to environmental assessment and approvals, comparing the processes in national jurisdictions with those for projects in the Area.

Imposing versus Enacting Commitments for the Long‐Term Energy Transition: Perspectives from the Firm

Imposing versus Enacting Commitments for the Long‐Term Energy Transition: Perspectives from the Firm

Monitoring of Photovoltaic System Performance Using Outdoor Suns-VOC

Summary In-field characterization of photovoltaics is crucial to understand performance and degradation mechanisms, subsequently improving overall reliability and lifespans. Current outdoor characterization is limited by logistical difficulties, variable weather, and requirements to measure during peak production hours. We capitalize on Suns-VOC, which is widely used for laboratory measurements of single solar cells and discuss the barriers in extending the technique to outdoor systems. We demonstrate the normalization of measurements using both backsheet temperature sensors and on-site weather stations. Despite weather variation, VOC, ideality factor, and pseudo fill factor all fall within 1% of the laboratory measurements. It is also demonstrated that monitoring the system VOC at 0.05 to 0.1 suns, during minimal power production, provides a figure of merit that can indicate early degradation of the system. Extensive simulations show that shading portions of a system has minimal effect on measurements, allowing the technique to be used in all weather conditions.

Review of Renewable Energy Role in the Development of the World

The study was carried out since 16, September, 2020. The study major objective was to review the renewable energy role in the development of the world. Total 17 articles were downloaded from the net and read in depth and analyzed the situation. The study indicates that renewable energy is that energy which never finish and it infinitely provide energy to community of the world. The example is the solar, water and wind energies. Renewable energy is the clean energy and it does not add any carbon to atmosphere. Now a day majority world countries try to identify the renewable energy in the world for running the daily system for improving the socioeconomic condition of the world. The study further explained that fossils coverage for supply energy in the world is still 60% which is the main cause of CO2 emission to atmosphere while the share of renewable energies and other energies is only 40% but now the trend of the solar and wind energy production in the world is annually increasing. China and USA now a day highly focus on renewable energy. Large number of projects is working for renewable energies in the world. Germany, Japan and UK through wind produced huge electricity in the world while in Pakistan large number of hydropower working for electricity production. Both renewable and non renewable energies have plus and minus in the world. The Water dams produce electricity which is the major source of renewable energy in the south Asian world but when dams are constructed it create problems for animals and community which disturb the ecosystem of the world. Similarly wind electricity production system kills many birds in the world while geothermal projects increase the earth quick in different country of the world. So on one side it has the benefits for the world but on the other side it has disadvantages to the community of the world. Many conferences have been held in the world for controlling the global warming which is the causes of the emission of CO2 to the atmosphere by non renewable energy in the world. The CO2 create the global warming and increase the world temperature. Since, in 2014 the increase of temperature in the world was 0.85 degree centigrade. The increase of temperature disturb the climate of the world which in the long run change the pattern of the cropping and multiply the diseases while also disturb rainfall trend and bring the flood and melt the glacier on the top of the hill which further disturb the old people health, social life and livelihood of the community in the world. On the basis of problems the study recommend that to increase the renewable energy sources consumption in the world.; Family growth should be controlled for more population pressure on the world resources; Sustainable methodology for development purpose should be applied for escaping the life of the future generation for renewable energy increasing in the world; Mostly focus on solar and wind energy utilization in the world for escaping of CO2 emission to atmosphere; Oil, natural gases and coal consumption should be decreased for emission of CO2 gases for provision of clean environment; Not make large dams for production of energy of electricity while short dam should be constructed for escaping of ecosystem for world community. Sometime dams are made which damage the ecosystem of the community and disturbs the life of animal and crops in the area; New innovation should be developed for enhancing renewable energy in the world.