World Rabies Day Research Articles

PROGRESSIVE CONTROL AND MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES IN THE ELIMINATION OF RABIES AMONG THE STRAY DOG (CANIS FAMILIARIS) POPULATION IN PAKISTAN

Stray dogs are integrally linked with rabies transmission, and a sizeable unmanaged dog population hinders rabies control program planners. Dog population management (DPM) is one of the best strategies to control rabies transmission, improve health management, and lower the population size of stray dogs. The threat of rabies is very serious due to free-roaming dogs. Foxes, skunks, groundhogs, raccoons, and house bats are rabies vector species and can carry rabies virus without showing any symptoms. Rabies is a life-threatening disease that affects thousands of losses worldwide every year. World Rabies Day is an international awareness campaign coordinated by the Global Alliance for Rabies Control (GARC). In Pakistan, there are reportedly 3 million stray dogs. More than one million dog bite cases are reported annually throughout Pakistan. About 600 dog bite cases are reported daily in the Sindh province, Pakistan. Due to an uncontrolled number of stray dogs, many serious problems arise related to public health, socio-economic, and political issues. The Animal Act of 1890 provides a specific defense against cruelty and establishes its importance in Pakistani culture. Developing long-term and supportable strategies is imperative to overcome the stray animal population worldwide. To overcome the rabies issue in Pakistan, the government should implement projects on breeding control of stray dogs through spaying and neutering surgeries. The government should also provide proper shelters for dogs and rabies vaccines. There is a need to be aware of basic preventive measures such as disinfectants and rabies vaccination. Public awareness, rabies vaccination, and dog sterilization at the national level are crucial factors in preventing rabies and managing the dog population in Pakistan.

World Rabies Day 2020: Kolaborasi Berkualitas dan Vaksinasi Tuntas untuk Kalimantan Barat Bebas Rabies

Rabies is a zoonotic disease that has been known for a long time. This infection attacks the central nervous system with the main sign of progressive paralysis and ending in death. Transmission can occur when humans are bitten by animals infected with rabies. Some animals can transmit rabies, especially dogs and cats. In commemoration of World Rabies Day, the Food, Animal Husbandry and Animal Health Office of West Kalimantan Province provides free services in the form of rabies vaccination and dog and cat sterilization. This activity is not only aimed at providing rabies vaccination services for dogs and cats in the vicinity of Pontianak and Kubu Raya, but also at the same time educating pet owners about rabies. Data collection was carried out by observing and documenting activities. Data analysis was carried out in descriptions that describe the process of activities. This activity was carried out in the Hall of the Food, Animal Husbandry and Animal Health Service of West Kalimantan Province on September 26, 2020. Of the target 100 doses can only be given as many as 71 doses consisting of 54 doses for cats and 17 doses for dogs, while sterilization was successfully carried out on 15 individuals. Cats and 15 dogs. Vaccination, which is usually given to rabies-infected animals, is a very effective preventive measure. Through the sterilization program, it is hoped that it can reduce the overpopulation of dogs and dogs.

The World Rabies Day 2020: Collaborate and Vaccinate

Rabies constantly kills 59,000 people annually, mostly in Asia and Africa. Rabies, which is responsible for 99% of human rabies cases, is totally preventable by standard vaccinations. In 2015, a global call for action was made by the WHO, OIE, FAO, and GARC to join forces toward the elimination of dog-transmitted human rabies by the year 2030. All the tools and protocols to reach that target are readily available, and the feasibility of dog rabies elimination has been proven. Countries should drive the changes needed to engage into this global movement. Certainly, countries in the EMR require taking more critical steps to reach the rabies elimination target by 2030. The international awareness campaign of the WRD is an excellent occasion to assess challenges and opportunities toward rabies elimination.

A play on world rabies day

A play on world rabies day

World Rabies Day - a decade of raising awareness.

World Rabies Day was set up in 2007 to raise global awareness about rabies, to provide information on how to prevent the disease in at-risk communities and support advocacy for increased efforts in rabies control. It is held annually on September 28th, with events, media outreach and other initiatives carried out by individuals, professionals, organisations and governments from the local to the international level.The Global Alliance for Rabies Control coordinates World Rabies Day, amplifying the campaign’s reach through the provision of a central event platform and resources to support events across the world, the promotion of messages through key rabies stakeholders, and the implementation of specific activities to highlight particular issues. Over the last decade, more than 1,700 registered events have been held across the world and shared with others in the global rabies community. Events in canine rabies endemic countries, particularly in Africa and Asia, have increased over time. Beyond the individual events, World Rabies Day has gained the support of governments and international agencies that recognise its value in supporting existing rabies control initiatives and advocating for improvements.As the rabies landscape has changed, World Rabies Day remains a general day of awareness but has also become an integral part of national, regional and global rabies elimination strategies. The global adoption of 2030 as the goal for the elimination of rabies as a public health threat has led to even greater opportunities for World Rabies Day to make a sustainable impact on rabies, by bringing the attention of policy makers and donors to the ongoing situation and elimination efforts in rabies-endemic countries.

World Rabies Day campaign in the Philippines.

BackgroundRabies is a fatal disease, claiming the lives of around 59,000 people annually worldwide. It is considered a neglected and underreported disease leading to inadequate support from governments. Apart from dog vaccination and proper animal bite management, an integral part of a successful rabies control program is community education. The Philippine government conducts an extensive nationwide annual World Rabies Day (WRD) celebration as part of its community education.MethodsStrong inter-sectoral collaboration at the national level is a key factor for the success of WRD, capitalizing on the partners’ strengths to mobilize various sectors. Strategies include the National WRD Celebration and releasing national government memorandums. An invitation letter campaign was initiated, encouraging stakeholders to register their activities. Banners were given as an incentive for those who registered. Mass and social media were also utilized to promote WRD.ResultsRegistered WRD events held in the Philippines rose from 10 events in 2012, to 37 events in 2013, to 66 events in 2014 and 76 events in 2015. The individual activities involved veterinary services and information, communication, and education (IEC) activities. Nine unique WRD IEC activities are highlighted in this paper. Promotion of WRD through social media was also utilized in recent years. More news items were published online than those printed in newspapers and aired on television.ConclusionThe campaign’s success underlines the value of a national government-led program. The national rabies program sets the agenda for priority activities including the WRD campaign. Its capacity to allocate funds for the program also denotes stability which is beneficial for local program implementers. Different segments of society were tapped through various strategies. The campaign’s flexibility allowed for a large range of activities and presented opportunities for expanding partnerships and integration with others interventions for its sustainability. With appropriate tools and government support, the extensive WRD campaign in the Philippines can be replicated in other countries. The strategies discussed prove that since different localities celebrate WRD in their own way, other countries can also organize activities adapted to their culture and contribute to the global campaign against rabies.

World Rabies Day 2016: educate, vaccinate, eliminate

World Rabies Day 2016: educate, vaccinate, eliminate

Global partnerships are critical to advance the control of Neglected Zoonotic Diseases: The case of the Global Alliance for Rabies Control

There is a need for innovation to improve control of all Neglected Zoonotic Diseases (NZDs). The Global Alliance for Rabies Control was formed to prevent human deaths from rabies and relieve the burden of rabies in other animal populations, especially dogs. It aims to identify reasons for the neglect of rabies in developing countries and to develop strategies to improve rabies control. Through initiatives such as World Rabies Day and the Partners for Rabies Prevention, progress has been made towards increased awareness of the burden of rabies transmitted by dogs at scales from local to international. An evidence base of the feasibility of canine rabies elimination has been built up and now easier access to information and tools enables countries to design and implement rabies elimination strategies in a logical way, utilizing the structures of regional networks for rabies control. The body of evidence has built consensus amongst international stakeholders in rabies control and is now being used to encourage international policy change, attract investment and increase delivery of effective rabies control programmes in canine rabies endemic countries.

Vaincre la rage à sa source

Along with zoonotic influenza and antimicrobial resistance, rabies has been identified as a key One Health issue by the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), World Health Organization (WHO) and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). It provides an excellent example of a disease that has an impact on public, animal and environmental health, and therefore benefits from a One Health approach to management. Regrettably, this zoonotic disease is still neglected despite the fact that, annually, it kills as many as 70,000 people worldwide (chiefly children in Asia and Africa), millions of dogs suffer and die, and the disease threatens some populations of endangered wildlife. This is particularly unfortunate, given that effective means of prevention exist. As Her Royal Highness Princess Haya of Jordan pointed out in a video to mark World Rabies Day on 28 September 2013, rabies is a serious world public health problem that is all too often underestimated and even neglected. Yet we know it can be eliminated. By combatting rabies at its source in animals and vaccinating 70% of dogs, we can eradicate it.

Breaking the Barriers to Access a Low Cost Intra-Dermal Rabies Vaccine Through Innovative “Pooling Strategy”

Background: In India every year an estimated 20,000 patients die of Rabies. Major reason for poor compliance to anti-rabies prophylaxis is the high cost of anti-rabies vaccine being prescribed intramuscularly (IM) as a routine i.e. 44.5 USD per course of five injections. In 1992 WHO recommended low cost intra-dermal rabies vaccination (IDRV), which costs only 7.5 USD or less per animal bite course. Methods: Interviews with doctors revealed that they were not prescribing intra-dermal anti rabies vaccination as they were either not aware or were not confident of this route of rabies vaccination. Also the vaccine vial did not have the label for “intra-dermal use”. These barriers were removed by advocacy efforts with policy makers & drug companies, credit sharing & team building, which led to starting of first intra dermal anti-rabies clinic of North India on 2nd August 2008. Results: Within a month of start of intra-dermal rabies vaccination clinic, i.e. by 2nd September, 2008, there was an increase in the hospital patient load by 2.8 times, and poor patients load by 3.2 times. In just less than two-year time, 200,000 USD of poor patients were saved and 5769 patients vaccinated. Each patient was asked to bring one vial on first visit & rest of doses were given “free” by pooling strategy. Pooling strategy involved distribution of one vial of vaccine among four persons and keep the three vials for use one by one by all the four patients on subsequent three visits. Another offshoot of the strategy was to prevent wasting of even few drops of vaccine that used to remain in each vial of 1 ml after distribution among four patients (0.2 mL or less). Out of more than 5000 vials utilised, every time we would transfer the left out drops of vaccine to the next new vial and use it immediately on a new pool of patients waiting for vaccination. We would, however, discard the unused vaccine after eight hours of reconstitution at the end of the day. The vaccine so saved turned to be a stock of more than 100 vials in less than two years that we were able to give free to more than 225 rag pickers, garbage collectors and newspaper hawkers on World Rabies Day, Sep 28, 2010. Conclusions: With intra-dermal clinic, we were able to successfully introduce the new cost effective intra-dermal method of rabies vaccination despite all odds & vested interests of companies & old mindset of doctors that had blocked this technique till now. This will go a long way in reducing the burden of disease & death due to rabies from India.

World Rabies Day: a prime role for veterinarians in rabies control

World Rabies Day: a prime role for veterinarians in rabies control

Biting back against rabies

World Rabies Day, on 28 September, focuses our attention on a horrific, preventable disease that still kills tens of thousands of people each year.

World Rabies Day (September 28, 2010): the continuing effort to ‘make rabies history’

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World Rabies Day (September 28, 2008) - The second official global initiative to increase awareness, improve preventive efforts and reduce mortality from this uniformly fatal disease

span style=font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: ;Microsoft Sans Serif;,;sans-serif;; mso-fareast-font-family: ;Times New Roman;; color: #003300; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: TH;World Rabies Day (WRD) 2008 is scheduled for September 28, 2008. Sponsors include The Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, USA (CDC), the Alliance for Rabies Control (ARC), The World Health Organization (WHO), and several others mentioned below. The principal web site is: www.worldrabiesday.org. WRD 2007 reached over 54 million individuals, about 400,000 people from 74 countries participated in various activities to increase awareness and raise financial support, and approximately 600,000 animal vaccinations were given. Government and community agencies, volunteers, and a number of veterinary organizations and schools supported this global effort. Much work remains in order ultimately to ‘Make Rabies History’. Educational efforts, resources, and recent developments are reviewed./span

Mad dogs and Englishmen

Although many advances have been made, rabies remains a neglected, preventable, under-reported, and untreatable disease with the highest case fatality rate of any infectious disease. To help counter this, the Alliance for Rabies Control (ARC) and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) jointly inaugurated the first World Rabies Day (WRD) on September 8, 2007. A number of veterinary organizations and schools, volunteers, and the World Health Organization (WHO) joined in supporting this effort designed to increase awareness and education of both the lay public and health professionals. This report summarizes volunteer experience in this effort in a Midwestern US community. Approximately 280 adult, middle- , high school, lay and health professional individuals attended these programs between August 26 and November 4, 2007. The questions and comments from participants at all levels reinforce the need for continuing and expanded efforts in rabies education. Sample teaching-discussion materials will also be described.

Rabies: old disease, new challenges.

Rabies is a disease entrenched in history, dating back to ancient Egypt. Caused by an RNA virus belonging to the Lyssavirus genus, rabies is capable of infecting all mammals. The World Health Organization marked Sept. 8, 2007, as World Rabies Day, to bring attention to the unacceptably high

Impact of Globalization and Animal Trade on Infectious Disease Ecology

The articles on rabies and Marburg virus featured in this month's Emerging Infectious Diseases (EID) zoonoses issue illustrate common themes. Both discuss zoonotic diseases with serious health implications for humans, and both have a common reservoir, the bat. These articles, and the excitement generated by this year's recognition of World Rabies Day on September 8, also described in this issue, remind us how globalization has had an impact on the worldwide animal trade. This worldwide movement of animals has increased the potential for the translocation of zoonotic diseases, which pose serious risks to human and animal health.

World Rabies Day: focusing attention on a neglected disease

Rabies kills 55,000 people every year mainly in Africa and Asia, despite being entirely preventable through vaccination and prompt medical treatment. Spurred on by this statistic, the first ever World...

World Rabies Day: Working together to make rabies history

World Rabies Day: Working together to make rabies history