World Population Research Articles

Developing Interventions for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an incurable, progressive respiratory disease that may have a significant negative impact on the morbidity and mortality of affected patients. A substantial portion of the world's population is affected by COPD, and despite optimal medical management with medications, supplemental oxygen, and pulmonary rehabilitation, many patients are left debilitated because of this disease. Bronchoscopic treatment modalities offer a less-invasive method for the treatment of refractory COPD compared to surgical interventions and have expanded the potential therapeutic options for these patients. Bronchoscopic lung volume reduction is aimed at decreasing the hyperinflation and air trapping that occur in emphysema, and the most studied and successful intervention is endobronchial valve placement. Endobronchial coils, polymeric sealants, and thermal ablation are other researched alternatives. Additional interventional procedures are being investigated for the treatment of the mucus hypersecretion and cough that are associated with the chronic bronchitis phenotype of COPD and include targeted lung denervation, metered dose spray cryotherapy, deobstruction balloon, and bronchial rheoplasty. This review summarizes the most recent evidence pertaining to available therapies for the management of COPD, including chronic bronchitis, with a particular focus on bronchoscopic interventions.

Global egalitarianism and climate change: against integrationism

ABSTRACT A central question in debates about climate justice concerns how the global emissions sink should be shared among the global population over time. This paper considers how global egalitarians should answer that question. In particular, it defends emissions egalitarianism from a view known as ‘integrationism’, according to which shares of the emissions sink should follow from a more general egalitarian theory of distributive justice. First, I show that emissions egalitarianism can draw on a source of functional support not adequately acknowledged in the integrationist critique: it can express an underlying account of the structure of historical responsibility for climate change I call the Fair Share View. Second, I claim that integrationism is also in tension with other principles of responsibility for climate change, and that its scepticism about historical responsibility has not been appreciated. Finally, I provide an alternative to integrationism. My central claim is that integrationism posits too direct a relation between a theory of equality of wellbeing and practical questions about claims to the emissions sink. Egalitarians should appeal to a species of derivative principle I call ‘applied principles of global justice’, and emissions egalitarianism could plausibly be endorsed on these grounds.

Smart Solutions for Sustainable Agriculture: Design and Development of IoT-Powered Soil Health Identification Systems

This research examines smart solutions for agricultural sustainability using IoT-powered soil health detection systems. Innovative solutions are needed to manage resources and protect the environment as the world population grows and agricultural resources are under strain. IoT-enabled soil health monitoring has great potential. The suggested system uses IoT sensors to measure soil moisture, pH, nutrient content, and temperature in real time. This data is analyzed using powerful data analytics and machine learning algorithms to provide farmers soil health information. Monitoring soil quality allows farmers to make educated irrigation, fertilization, and crop selection choices, optimizing resource use and yields while minimizing environmental effect. The study also examines sensor selection, data transmission methods, and data security for IoT-powered soil health detection systems. Widespread use of these technologies might boost agricultural output, lower input costs, and enhance food security. Finally, IoT-powered soil health detection systems are a major step toward agricultural sustainability. These devices enable precision farming that is ecologically friendly and profitable by giving real-time soil data. However, effective implementation would need agricultural value chain stakeholders to collaborate and continued research to address growing issues and possibilities.

Efficacy of soothing cream gel in the range of motion and chronic pain at the shoulder and elbow: protocol of a double-blinded, randomised, placebo-controlled trial

IntroductionUpper limb problems have a significant impact on the global population leading to pain and restricted joint mobility, ultimately impacting their quality of life. Traditional treatments, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory...

Efficacy of soothing cream gel in the range of motion and chronic pain at the shoulder and elbow: protocol of a double-blinded, randomised, placebo-controlled trial

IntroductionUpper limb problems have a significant impact on the global population leading to pain and restricted joint mobility, ultimately impacting their quality of life. Traditional treatments, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory...

Spatial Differentiation and Environmental Controls of Land Consolidation Effectiveness: A Remote Sensing-Based Study in Sichuan, China

The increasing global population is leading to a decline in cropland per person, aggravating food security challenges. The global implementation of land consolidation (LC) has created new farmland and increased productivity. LC is a critical strategy in China for ensuring food security and gaining significant government support. This article investigates the impact of LC on farmland productivity in Sichuan Province in 2020. We utilize time series remote sensing data to analyze LC’s impact on farmland capacity. This study uses Sentinel and Landsat satellite data to calculate CumVI and assesses the LC project’s spatiotemporal evolution. To evaluate LC’s effectiveness, we create indexes for yield level and stability and employ Getis-Ord Gi* to identify spatial differentiation in LC’s impact. GeoDetector and GWR examine the impact of natural factors like elevation, slope, soil organic carbon, and rainfall on the effectiveness of LC. The research results show that: (1) After the implementation of LC, 55.51% of the project areas experienced significant improvements in agricultural productivity; the average increase rate of yield level is 7.74%; and the average increase rate of yield stability is 12.40%. Overall, LC is significant for improving farmland capacity. (2) The effectiveness of LC exhibits spatial differences and correlations in different areas. The main location for high-value agglomeration of yield levels is Nanchong City, while the northern part of Guangyuan City primarily hosts low-value agglomeration areas. (3) Natural conditions influence LC’s effectiveness. In terms of affecting the yield level of LC, the driving factors from high to low are SOC, elevation, slope, and rainfall. In terms of affecting the yield stability of LC, the driving factors, from high to low, are elevation, SOC, slope, and rainfall. LC’s effectiveness is influenced by different natural conditions that have different effects.

Spatial Differentiation and Environmental Controls of Land Consolidation Effectiveness: A Remote Sensing-Based Study in Sichuan, China

The increasing global population is leading to a decline in cropland per person, aggravating food security challenges. The global implementation of land consolidation (LC) has created new farmland and increased productivity. LC is a critical strategy in China for ensuring food security and gaining significant government support. This article investigates the impact of LC on farmland productivity in Sichuan Province in 2020. We utilize time series remote sensing data to analyze LC’s impact on farmland capacity. This study uses Sentinel and Landsat satellite data to calculate CumVI and assesses the LC project’s spatiotemporal evolution. To evaluate LC’s effectiveness, we create indexes for yield level and stability and employ Getis-Ord Gi* to identify spatial differentiation in LC’s impact. GeoDetector and GWR examine the impact of natural factors like elevation, slope, soil organic carbon, and rainfall on the effectiveness of LC. The research results show that: (1) After the implementation of LC, 55.51% of the project areas experienced significant improvements in agricultural productivity; the average increase rate of yield level is 7.74%; and the average increase rate of yield stability is 12.40%. Overall, LC is significant for improving farmland capacity. (2) The effectiveness of LC exhibits spatial differences and correlations in different areas. The main location for high-value agglomeration of yield levels is Nanchong City, while the northern part of Guangyuan City primarily hosts low-value agglomeration areas. (3) Natural conditions influence LC’s effectiveness. In terms of affecting the yield level of LC, the driving factors from high to low are SOC, elevation, slope, and rainfall. In terms of affecting the yield stability of LC, the driving factors, from high to low, are elevation, SOC, slope, and rainfall. LC’s effectiveness is influenced by different natural conditions that have different effects.

Young Consumers’ Price Perceptions in Purchasing Foods: Evidence from Greece

The recent consecutive economic and social crises impose sustainable “from farm to fork” food chain management to feed the global population. In this study, we investigated the price perceptions of young consumers (Gen Z) in purchasing foods in Greece to find out the determinants ensuring sustainable, future food consumption. We used eight overall price perception determinants, five with negative roles, namely value and price consciousness, coupon and sales proneness, and price mavenism, and three with positive roles, namely price–quality, price–value, and prestige–sensitivity for the formation of the study’s questionnaire. A total of 514 students (Gen Z, 85%) answered the questionnaire, promoted through the Google platform during September and October 2023. The data were analyzed with statistical tools, combining cross and chi-square tests. Between the negative determinants, the “value consciousness” price perceptions (71.02%) were the most important parameters in purchasing food, followed by “price consciousness” (55.02%) parameters. “Coupon proneness”, 48.4%, and “sales proneness”, 49%, were equally lower, while “price mavenism” parameters were minimally preferred by only 26.4% of the participants. Participants exhibited a major preference for the “value to price” interconnection (66.7%), such as good value for money, value exceeding a product’s price, and overvalued low-priced foods, while their preference for the “quality to price” interconnection was significantly lower (48.8%), such as in terms of getting what you pay for, more money for better quality, and priced, quality foods. The “prestige–sensitivity” price perception was outside of their preferences in terms of food purchasing (only 7.1%). Our findings indicate that young consumers (Gen Z) pay more attention to the values of negative and positive parameters concerning price perceptions when purchasing food rather than quality, coupons and sales, low prices, and mavenism, or even the prestige of the foods. This means that value issues such as the perceived environmental impact (green value), the climate crisis, the social signaling potential, and others are significant concerns, including their price perceptions for food purchases.

Cerebral Computed Tomographic Findings in Schizophrenia: Relationship to Second-Generation Antipsychotics and Hyperprolactinemia.

Antipsychotic medications are essential for managing severe mental illnesses like schizophrenia, which impacts about 1% of the global population. Despite efficacy, in some cases, they can induce hyperprolactinemia, affecting roughly half of the patients. The prevalence of this condition varies with the specific medication used. Although prolactinomas are rare among schizophrenia patients, treating them with dopamine agonists poses conflicts with antipsychotic medication, necessitating careful monitoring and adjustments. The aim of this study was to explore the presence of brain tumors, prolactinomas, and other structural brain changes in schizophrenia patients treated with second-generation antipsychotics using cerebral computed tomography (CT) scans. We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 152 hospitalized patients diagnosed between 1 January 2020 and 31 March 2024. Evaluations included cerebral CT scans, prolactin level assessments, and the monitoring of side effects. Patients, with an average age of 42.79 years and an illness duration of 17.89 years, predominantly received olanzapine (46.05%) and risperidone (36.84%). Side effects, reported by 61.78% of patients, included tremors, dizziness, and weight gain. Abnormal prolactin levels were observed in 53.95% of patients, more prevalent in females on risperidone and in both genders on olanzapine. No prolactinomas were detected on CT scans. Managing hyperprolactinemia in schizophrenia patients undergoing antipsychotic therapy is essential to prevent long-term complications and to ensure treatment compliance.

A comprehensive review of current progress in biofuel production using marine algae biomass

The world's fossil fuel resources are rapidly depleting as the global population grows and energy demands rise. Current fossil fuel supplies are insufficient to meet rising demand and are nearing depletion. Careless exploitation of fossil fuels increases greenhouse gas emissions, environmental pollution, and global warming, resulting in ecological imbalances and health risks. Consequently, contamination, rising temperatures, and high oil costs have fueled the search for renewable and alternative energy sources. This study seeks to explore renewable energy alternatives that are critical to meeting future global energy demands. Marine algae such as red algae, green algae, and brown algae are gaining popularity as economically viable and environmentally friendly sources of renewable biofuel. Several studies are currently underway to assess the ability of marine algae to produce a variety of bioproducts, including biofuels. Macroalgae, in particular, emerges as an ideal resource for biofuel production due to their lipid and carbohydrate content, coupled with low or absent lignin content. The article investigates the potential of marine algal species to promote biofuel production and discusses novel methods for improving biofuel yields. It also emphasizes the economic factors and challenges associated with sustainable biofuel production.

Design of a novel multi-epitope vaccine against Marburg virus using immunoinformatics studies

Marburg virus (MARV) is a highly contagious and virulent agent belonging to Filoviridae family. MARV causes severe hemorrhagic fever in humans and non-human primates. Owing to its highly virulent nature, preventive approaches are promising for its control. There is currently no approved drug or vaccine against MARV, and management mainly involves supportive care to treat symptoms and prevent complications. Our aim was to design a novel multi-epitope vaccine (MEV) against MARV using immunoinformatics studies. In this study, various proteins (VP35, VP40 and glycoprotein precursor) were used and potential epitopes were selected. CTL and HTL epitopes covered 79.44% and 70.55% of the global population, respectively. The designed MEV construct was stable and expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli) host. The physicochemical properties were also acceptable. MARV MEV candidate could predict comprehensive immune responses such as those of humoral and cellular in silico. Additionally, efficient interaction to toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and its agonist (β-defensin) was predicted. There is a need for validation of these results using further in vitro and in vivo studies.

In-vitro Isolation of Serratia marcescens and Computational Analysis of Lipase–Chitinase as a Hybrid Enzyme for the Degradation of Fungicides to Sustain the Ecosystem

The application of fungicides for commercial purposes has grown in response to increased food demand and shifting disease patterns. However, there is a scarcity of studies demonstrating their proper degradation. Due to the expanding global population, there is a heightened need for more agriculture to fulfill the growing demand for food, and this necessitates safeguarding crops from pests and diseases. Disease outbreaks in crops can result in the loss of food and the depletion of valuable resources. According to the European Union, organic fungicides constitute 60% of all fungicide sales, while synthetic fungicides make up the remaining 40% of pesticide sales. Fungicide usage is indispensable but needs to be considered within the context of potential environmental risks. Nonetheless, there is a pressing need to break down fungicides to preserve the natural environment. Our research is centered on hybrid enzymes derived from [Formula: see text] marcescens, which exhibit the capability to degrade fungicides. We employed computational techniques to assess the enzymes’ effectiveness in breaking down fungicides. S. marcescens was isolated from soil and identified through 16s rRNA analysis. Chitanase and lipase, enzymes identified in S. marcescens, can individually break down fungicides, as confirmed by auto-dock vina docking simulations. Notably, the combined action of these two enzymes surpasses the performance of individual docking, a result also corroborated by auto-dock vina. To further establish the efficacy and degradability of this approach, computational techniques were employed. In the future, it may be possible to create an in vitro antifungal agent, which could be categorized as a bioactive agent.

Symptomatic remission and its associated factors among patients with schizophrenia on risperidone or olanzapine at Amanuel mental specialized hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

BackgroundSchizophrenia is a debilitating condition that affects 1% of the global population. Understanding the prevalence and the factors predicting schizophrenia remission is crucial for healthcare providers. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of remission and factors affecting the remission. Cross-sectional study was conducted at the Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital from 3 October, 2022, to 31 August, 2023, and included 271 participants. Remission was measured using Remission in Schizophrenia Working Group (RSWG) symptom severity-based criteria. Data analysis was done using SPSS V.25.ResultsThe mean age of participants was 34.2 with standard deviation (SD) of 10.5 years. Most were male (90%), unmarried (63.8%), lived with their relatives (91.9%), and were unemployed (56.5%). Fifty-two percent achieved symptomatic remission. Remission in patients with medication switched to SGAs increased by 1.9 times compared to patients without medication switch (AOR 1.9, 95% CI: 1.1, 1.2). Adherent patients had 2.7 times higher odds of symptomatic remission as compared to non-adherent patients (AOR 2.7, 95% CI: 1.5,4.9), and for each unit increase in body mass index (BMI), the odds of achieving symptomatic remission were increased by 13% (AOR 1.13, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.23). The odds of symptomatic remission decreased by 71% in patients experiencing moderate-to-severe side effects compared to their counterparts (AOR 0.29, 95% CI: 0.1, 0.6).ConclusionsOur study revealed a symptomatic remission was achieved in 141 (52%) of the subjects. There is a possibility to improve symptomatic remission with counseling on the importance of adherence, monitoring and managing side effects, and switching medication to either risperidone or olanzapine. Measuring remission using RSWG time-based criteria is recommended.

[Translated article] Determining factors on length of stay in primary total knee arthroplasty patients using enhanced recovery protocol after surgery (ERAS) pathway

IntroductionThere is an increase in degenerative arthropathies because of the increase in the longevity of world's population, making primary knee arthroplasties a procedure to recover quality of life without pain. There are factors associated with the length of hospital stay after this procedure. ObjectiveTo determine the risk factors influencing the hospital stay during the postoperative period of patients undergoing primary total knee arthroplasty with an enhanced recovery after surgery protocol (ERAS). MethodsA retrospective study is carried out on patients undergoing primary total knee arthroplasty at an University Hospital in the period 2017–2020 using the ERAS protocol, during which 957 surgeries were performed. ResultsAverage age of 71.7±8.2years, 62.4% were women and the 77.3% were classified as ASA II. The significantly associated factors to an increased length of stay are: age (p=.001), ASA scale (p=.04), day of surgery (p<.001), blood transfusion (p<.001), postoperative haemoglobin level at 48–72h (p<.001), the time of first postoperative mobilisation to ambulate and climb stairs (p<.001), the need for analgesic rescues (p=.003), and the presence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (p=.008). ConclusionsThere are statistically significant and clinically relevant factors associated with hospital stay. Determining these factors constitutes an advantage in hospital management, in the development of strategies to improve and optimise the quality of care and available health resources.

Pioneers of Neurosurgery in the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) region: A Historical Vignette and beyond

South Asia, consisting of Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka spreads between the Himalayan base and the Indian ocean, and shares identical geophysical characteristics. With the inclusion of its newest member Afghanistan, these 8 member-nations of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) share more or less a homogenous geographical, political, and historical background and cultural heritage, with a significant role in shaping the world. This densely populated area is home to around a quarter of the world's total population. From the ancient ages, the neurosurgical practice has paced relentlessly and in the last 100 years, it has reached its zenith. With modern advancements, neurosurgery has developed in its diagnostic and treatment modalities along with facilities for training and education. Despite falling behind owing to economic, educational, and geopolitical constraints the pioneers of the SAARC region have established the fields of neurosurgery in their respective countries with command. No constraint could stop them from educating and training young physicians to make competent neurosurgeons to evolve the field of neurosurgery in their countries. Their firm determination and hard work paved the way to keep this field striving and thriving, to serve a substantial volume of the world population with their neurosurgical insight and skill. However, this region needs to go a long way as the number of neurosurgeons and facilities is still insufficient. This can be achieved with the guidance and collaboration among the neurosurgeons of the SAARC region as the youth here are talented and hard-working.

MINIstock: Model for INsect Inclusion in sustainable agriculture: USDA-ARS's research approach to advancing insect meal development and inclusion in animal diets.

Animal agriculture is under pressure to increase efficiency, sustainability, and innovation to meet the demands of a rising global population while decreasing adverse environmental effects. Feed cost and availability are 2 of the biggest hurdles to sustainable production. Current diets depend on sources of grain and animal byproduct protein for essential amino acids which have limited sustainability. Insects have arisen as an attractive, sustainable alternative protein source for animal diets due to their favorable nutrient composition, low space and water requirements, and natural role in animal diets. Additionally, insects are capable of bioremediating waste streams including agricultural and food waste, manure, and plastics helping to increase their sustainability. The insect rearing industry has grown rapidly in recent years and shows great economic potential. However, state-of-the-art research is urgently needed to overcome barriers to adoption in commercial animal diets such as regulatory restrictions, production scale issues, and food safety concerns. To address this need, the USDA Agricultural Research Service "MINIstoc: Model for INsect Inclusion" project was created to bring together diverse scientists from across the world to synergistically advance insect meal production and inclusion in animal diets. Here, we provide a short review of insects as feed while describing the MINIstock project which serves as the inspiration for the Journal of Economic Entomology Special Collection "Insects as feed: sustainable solutions for food waste and animal production practices."

Management and Business Analysis of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) at the Aquaculture Installation (IPB) Pandaan

The growing global population increases the demand for protein, making the aquaculture and fisheries industries vital. This study aims to optimize goldfish hatchery management at the IPB Pandaan, East Java, to improve production and seed quality. The research was conducted in January-February 2024 at the IPB Pandaan Fisheries Breeding Installation, using observation and interview methods. Primary data were obtained from interviews with business actors and stakeholders, while secondary data were from literature studies. Data analysis includes production management, water quality, feed, and financial evaluations such as R/C Ratio, BEP, and PP to assess performance and potential efficiency improvements in the goldfish hatchery business. Goldfish hatchery management at IPB Pandaan includes pond preparation, broodstock selection, spawning with temperature and water quality control, egg hatching, feeding, nursery, and seed harvesting. Water quality is maintained with temperatures of 23.9-30.5 ºC, pH 7.3-8.9, and DO 3.2-6.3 ppm. Total investment is Rp 37,500,000, with fixed monthly costs of Rp 3,335,414 and operational costs of Rp 500,000. The total revenue is Rp 7,784,000, and the profit is Rp 3,752,752. An R/C Ratio of 1.93 indicates a profitable business, with a payback period of 16.39 months and a BEP production price of Rp 14,497 per cup.

A Prototype of Graphene E-Nose for Exhaled Breath Detection and Label-Free Diagnosis of Helicobacter Pylori Infection.

Helicobacter pylori (HP), a common microanaerobic bacteria that lives in the human mouth and stomach, is reported to infect ≈50% of the global population. The current diagnostic methods for HP are either invasive, time-consuming, or harmful. Therefore, a noninvasive and label-free HP diagnostic method needs to be developed urgently. Herein, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is composited with different metal-based materials to construct a graphene-based electronic nose (e-nose), which exhibits excellent sensitivity and cross-reactive response to several gases in exhaled breath (EB). Principal component analysis (PCA) shows that four typical types of gases in EB can be well discriminated. Additionally, the potential of the e-nose in label-free detection of HP infection is demonstrated through the measurement and analysis of EB samples. Furthermore, a prototype of an e-nose device is designed and constructed for automatic EB detection and HP diagnosis. The accuracy of the prototype machine integrated with the graphene-based e-nose can reach 92% and 91% in the training and validation sets, respectively. These results demonstrate that the highly sensitive graphene-based e-nose has great potential for the label-free diagnosis of HP and may become a novel tool for non-invasive disease screening and diagnosis.

Management and Business Analysis of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) at the Aquaculture Installation (IPB) Pandaan

The growing global population increases the demand for protein, making the aquaculture and fisheries industries vital. This study aims to optimize goldfish hatchery management at the IPB Pandaan, East Java, to improve production and seed quality. The research was conducted in January-February 2024 at the IPB Pandaan Fisheries Breeding Installation, using observation and interview methods. Primary data were obtained from interviews with business actors and stakeholders, while secondary data were from literature studies. Data analysis includes production management, water quality, feed, and financial evaluations such as R/C Ratio, BEP, and PP to assess performance and potential efficiency improvements in the goldfish hatchery business. Goldfish hatchery management at IPB Pandaan includes pond preparation, broodstock selection, spawning with temperature and water quality control, egg hatching, feeding, nursery, and seed harvesting. Water quality is maintained with temperatures of 23.9-30.5 ºC, pH 7.3-8.9, and DO 3.2-6.3 ppm. Total investment is Rp 37,500,000, with fixed monthly costs of Rp 3,335,414 and operational costs of Rp 500,000. The total revenue is Rp 7,784,000, and the profit is Rp 3,752,752. An R/C Ratio of 1.93 indicates a profitable business, with a payback period of 16.39 months and a BEP production price of Rp 14,497 per cup.

Global estimates on the number of people blind or visually impaired by Uncorrected Refractive Error: a meta-analysis from 2000 to 2020.

Uncorrected refractive error (URE) is a readily treatable cause of visual impairment (VI). This study provides updated estimates of global and regional vision loss due to URE, presenting temporal change for VISION 2020 METHODS: Data from population-based eye disease surveys from 1980-2018 were collected. Hierarchical models estimated prevalence (95% uncertainty intervals [UI]) of blindness (presenting visual acuity (VA) < 3/60) and moderate-to-severe vision impairment (MSVI; 3/60 ≤ presenting VA < 6/18) caused by URE, stratified by age, sex, region, and year. Near VI prevalence from uncorrected presbyopia was defined as presenting near VA < N6/N8 at 40 cm when best-corrected distance (VA ≥ 6/12). In 2020, 3.7 million people (95%UI 3.10-4.29) were blind and 157 million (140-176) had MSVI due to URE, a 21.8% increase in blindness and 72.0% increase in MSVI since 2000. Age-standardised prevalence of URE blindness and MSVI decreased by 30.5% (30.7-30.3) and 2.4% (2.6-2.2) respectively during this time. In 2020, South Asia GBD super-region had the highest 50+ years age-standardised URE blindness (0.33% (0.26-0.40%)) and MSVI (10.3% (8.82-12.10%)) rates. The age-standardized ratio of women to men for URE blindness was 1.05:1.00 in 2020 and 1.03:1.00 in 2000. An estimated 419 million (295-562) people 50+ had near VI from uncorrected presbyopia, a +75.3% (74.6-76.0) increase from 2000 CONCLUSIONS: The number of cases of VI from URE substantively grew, even as age-standardised prevalence fell, since 2000, with a continued disproportionate burden by region and sex. Global population ageing will increase this burden, highlighting urgent need for novel approaches to refractive service delivery.