Labor World Research Articles

Union Renegades: Miners, Capitalism, and Organizing in the Gilded Age

Dana M. Caldemeyer's Union Renegades begins with a resonating bang for its reader. The opening anecdote of Jimmy Wilson, a farmer sometimes turned miner, thoroughly represents the complicated and nuanced experiences of midwestern miners at a pivotal moment of centralization. Improperly trained, Wilson overpacked a charge, causing an explosion and the death of dozens of miners. Caldemeyer quickly notes that the very corporate capitalism, defined by companies’ decision “to fight unions, disregard safety procedures, decrease workers’ wages, and hire inexperienced miners like Jimmy Wilson . . . also applied to the workers themselves” (p. 3). Wilson, who turned to mining during the winter season, was a product of this corporate capitalism and, in seeking employment in the coal mine, gained a steady income.Wilson, and his fellow miners, labored within the complex socio-political world of midwestern coal and represented a pragmatic form of unionism in an age of severe uncertainty and inequality. In examining neither completely pro- nor anti-union workers, Caldemeyer argues four points concerning loyalty to mineworker unions. First, miners like Wilson labored in multiple occupations throughout the year; each influenced their identity as a worker. Second, workers were acutely aware of the economic conditions that influenced their wages, work conditions, and collective action. Third, these two points determined how workers viewed and responded to the union, whether locally or through the national office. Finally, workers did not reject unions simply due to disillusionment; however, Caldemeyer presents the idea that the union did not adequately address the desires of these miners.The breadth of Caldemeyer's research and engagement with the source material is admirable. To counter and explore the nuance of how national representatives and union officials viewed the renegade, or ambivalent, unionists, Caldemeyer balances a wealth of mineworker sources. These sources introduce the reader to rank and file miners, such as Lee Erwin, the anonymous “Old Miner” of Kansas, and T. H. Rollins, as well as district and national officials. The juxtaposition of the union sources and the everyday mineworkers counters the usual dismissing of laborers’ actions as nonunion. The inclusion of dissenting voices from contemporary publications, such as the United Mine Workers’ Journal, offers vital insight into the precarious position mineworkers navigated as corporations strived for higher profits and combating unions vied for exclusive authority.The book is organized around various groups and events that led to dissatisfaction and distance from national labor organizations. This organization reiterates the varied reactions between groups of laborers and the union. Even Caldemeyer's chapter titles emphasize these reasons, with titles such as “Deceived: Producers in a Dishonest World” and “‘Judases’: Union ‘Betrayal’ and the Aborted 1891 Strike.” Each chapter highlights a particular moment when the miners acted against the mandates of the union, resulting in the union labeling these groups and their actions, or inactions, as nonunion.Union Renegades contributes to our understanding of the labor movement and unionism. Referencing historian Melvyn Dubofsky, Caldemeyer notes that 39 percent of strikes in the 1880s were initiated by nonunionized laborers (p. 3). Although workers participated in forms of collective action and recognized its benefits, their behavior at times proved more contingent on their individual or family interests. Behavior contradictory to the union and their mandate, instances like rejecting mergers, expelling leaders, breaking strikes, or staging nonsanctioned strikes led union organizers and leaders to write off these individuals as nonunion (p. 17). According to Caldemeyer, these actions highlight how laborers used the union as a tool when it aligned with their desires and neglected it when not. The attention to ambivalent unionists also joins recent labor scholarship, notably that of Lane Windham, in complicating our understanding of the traditional arc of the labor movement. In a similar vein to Windham's focus on unsuccessful unionization attempts, Caldemeyer focuses on miners that engaged in collective actions, such as strikes, despite the demands of national officials. These renegade unionists offer a more nuanced portrait of activism, especially in contemporary accounts, such as Andrews’ Killing for Coal about the 1913–1914 strike in Colorado and the resulting Ludlow conflict. For Illinois in particular, Caldemeyer's understanding of workers’ conservatism in the Gilded Age offers insights into the internal conflicts between miners in Illinois “mine wars” of the 1930s as discussed by Carl Oblinger's Divided Kingdom. Oblinger focused on how the consolidation of the UMW by cooperating with operators served to undermine miners’ concerns and labor disputes.Caldemeyer's Union Renegades offers the reader a clear and thoughtful reexamination of labor struggles during the Gilded Age. Through six detailed and nuanced instances of dissatisfaction with the union, the book shows that miners navigated a complex world of capitalism and labor as individuals pursuing the best option for themselves as wage workers and miners.

Labor Prosecution Office and social articulation: Analysis of PRT-13’s performance opposite to COVID-19

The study aimed to demonstrate how the work of the Labor Prosecution Office, as a social articulator, allowed the incitement and conduct of public policies to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as to prevent and minimize its effects on the labor world, specifically analyzing the performance carried out through the Regional Prosecutor’s Office of Labor from the 13th Region (PRT-13). Through the use of a methodology consisting of exploratory research and indirect ocumentar technique, with ocumentar and bibliographic research modes, it was possible to verify that, by expanding its actions of a resolutive nature, the Labor Prosecution Office represented a significant support for the working class in face of the pandemic. It was concluded, nevertheless, that this type of action still needs to be stimulated, considering that the Prosecution’s Office performance continues to be notably demanding, therefore the expansion and structuring of a resolutive Prosecution Office is needed.

STATUS OF PREPAREDNESS OF VOCATIONAL EDUCATION SYSTEM TO COUNTER REAL AND POTENTIAL THREATS TO NATIONAL SECURITY AND NATIONAL INTERESTS OF UKRAINE IN THE CONDITIONS OF EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL CHALLENGES

The relevence of the paper is due to the need to substantiate the challenges and problems that hinder the processes of modernization of domestic vocational education and may pose a threat to national security and national interests of Ukraine. Purpose: to identify the main external and internal challenges for the system of vocational education in Ukraine, to analyze the identified problems, to determine the degree of their impact on the system of domestic vocational education, to substantiate the ways to overcome them. Methods: analysis of scientific and other sources – to identify external and internal challenges of the vocational education system; expert assessment – to rank the identified challenges, to determine their impact on the system of domestic vocational education and the level of danger to the national interests of Ukraine; systematization and generalization – to substantiate the ways to overcome these problems. Results: based on the analysis of modern legislative and regulatory sources, materials and recommendations of international and national scientific-practical conferences, seminars, webinars, publications in professional printed and electronic publications, a list of external and internal challenges for vocational education in Ukraine is formed; the problems determined by them are substantiated; the degree of their influence on the system of domestic vocational education is determined; proposals are formulated for their solution. Conclusions: A number of challenges have been identified: the external challenges (transformation of world labor markets due to changing energy paradigm, introduction of rational models of consumption and production, intensification of "green policy"; transition of developed countries to a new technological system and digital economy; information war against Ukraine; staff shortage labor markets and the resulting strong labor migration from Ukraine) and the domestic challenges (public and economic demand for a new quality vocational education system; high unemployment, shortage of competitive skilled workers in domestic labor markets). Based on the method of expert evaluation, we have identified the problems that, in the conditions of hybrid war, may pose the greatest threat to the national interests of Ukraine (low quality of professional training of teachers of vocational education institutions; insufficient provision of educational programs for critical thinking of modern youth; teachers and students of vocational education institutions), its economic security (inconsistency of quality of training of future skilled workers to the requirements of modern employers, insufficient formation of entrepreneurial, career, self-educational competencies of graduates; low career guidance; education), as well as environmental and energy independence (low level of energy saving and environmental competence of graduates of vocational education institutions, low motivation of partners to participate in the modernization of vocational education).

Review on the Risks of Atypical Work in OECD Countries in the 1980-2020 Periods

The rapid change in working models establishes a new workforce structure and working systems. This situation creates the problem of unregistered employment and atypical work by individualising business dealing. Economic, social and technological developments, especially in the 1970s, have impacted working life worldwide, and atypical employment forms and working models have gradually replaced typical employment types. Being flexibile, it is aimed to adjust the working days and hours according to the demand differences and changes in the market, sustainability of the enterprises, increase in productivity and employment, and the establishment of the work and life balance of the employees. However, with the spread of flexibility practices over time and the intensification of atypical working styles, some losses have begun to occur in employees’ vested rights regarding working conditions. Informal work causes another problem, such as unorganised and irregular labour. The purpose of the study is to examine the problems caused by atypical work. The research used descriptive statistical method since it is convenient to follow the developments in a particular field and identify the factual situations. The authors have collected data from World Labour Organisation and OECD sources and analysed these collected data according to descriptive statistical techniques. Using the trend analysis method, the authors have analysed the workforce structure and union density change in the analysed period based on numerical data. The research has established that atypical work causes insufficient instrumentality and status problems in the study period and disorganisation of labour. Based on research results, it can be stated that such working models as teleworking, working from home, and atypical work may lead to various social and psychological problems in the future

ANALISIS POSTUR KERJA MANUAL MATERIAL HANDLING (MMH) MENGGUNAKAN RAPID UPPER LIMB ASSESSMENT (RULA) DI PT.XYZ

The use of human labor in the industrial world in Indonesia is still very dominant, especially in Manual Material Handling (MMH) activities. The activity of bending and twisting in the workplace while doing MMH should be reduced or even if possible this activity should be eliminated because this attitude is prone to causing disorders of the musculoskeletal system. Considering that MMH activities have a vital role in the work carried out in the production process section, therefore the researcher will conduct an analysis of the Manual Material Handling (MMH) work posture using the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA). RULA is a work posture research method to investigate disorders of the upper limbs. The results of the work posture analysis based on the results of the assessment using the RULA method stated that all manual material handling activities assessed above required corrective action or efforts. In the shuttle area, the final score for the action category obtained is 7 with a high risk level and the action that must be taken is action now. In the Pirn Winder area, the final score for the action category obtained is 6 with a moderate risk level and the action that must be taken is action in the near future. In the vacuum heat setter area, the final score for the action category obtained is 7 with a high level of risk and the action that must be taken is action now.

GLOBAL TRENDS OF ECONOMY TRANSFORMATION UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES

Abstract. The abrupt introduction of information and communication technologies leads to global shifts in the world economy, society, labor market and other areas. Ukraine demonstrates ~26% annual growth rate of IT services. Nowadays the IT industry ranks third in terms of exports of services. In 2020, the country’s exports of IT services exceeded $ 5 billion. However, as the study showed, the growth rate of the information and communication industry is insufficient to reach a level close to the level of the world’s leading economies. Moreover, there are trends that are dangerous for the development of the economy and society. The analysis showed that in the formation of a global information society there are risks of technological and socio-economic gap not only between countries but also between generations and social strata within countries and this is a threat to the development of Ukraine’s economy and society. Part of the population is not provided with adequate conditions to increase their own potential, which is the main driver of economic development. This is the basis for the formation of the «digital» gap and slows down social and economic reforms. The systematization of the main features of the global economy revealed inconsistencies in the development of information technology in Ukraine. According to objective indicators, it is analyzed how in Ukraine data are published and used for accountability, innovation, economic and social development. It is indicated that there are limiting factors for the formation, support and disclosure of data. This leads to restraint of the global movement of development in the country — when information and knowledge lead to the direct formation of new information and new knowledge. As the level of development and implementation of information and communication technologies in Ukraine still lags far behind the leading countries, this has a negative impact on the development of the economy, institutional structures and society.
 In connection with the identified problems, the need to develop a state strategy for the development of the information society and the use of information and IT are indicated.
 Keywords: globalization, IT-technologies, ICT-technologies, knowledge economy, information society, knowledge society.
 JEL Classification F62, O14, O33
 Formulas: 0; fig.: 0; tabl.: 3; bibl.: 17.

Decent work and innovative work behaviour: Mediating roles of work engagement, intrinsic motivation and job self‐efficacy

In nowadays highly competitive and dynamic environment where employees' innovative work behaviour (IWB) has become critical source for business success, employees' quality of work lives is severely challenged by the global deregulated labour market. As an institutional effort to combat the challenges faced by labour world, the concept of decent work was proposed by International Labor Organization (ILO) in 1999, which is defined as work—and work‐related contexts—that provides adequate and fair income, social protection, security at workplace, opportunities for personal development and voice and participation in the decisions that affect their lives. This study examines whether realization of decent work promotes IWB. Based on a seven‐dimension construct of decent work, we propose that decent work promotes IWB through enhancing work engagement, with intrinsic motivation and job self‐efficacy partially mediating the positive effect of decent work on work engagement. By means of data with 517 supervisor–employee dyads, we test the hypotheses using structural equations modelling. Our results show good fitness of the hypothesized model, pass for the comparison of alternative models and testing of mediation effects and hence support all the hypotheses. Implications for theories and practices are discussed.

Balancing Subsistence Agriculture and Self-Employment in Small Businesses: Continuity and Change in Women's Labor and Labor Relations in Mozambique, 1800–2000

Balancing Subsistence Agriculture and Self-Employment in Small BusinessesContinuity and Change in Women's Labor and Labor Relations in Mozambique, 1800–20001 Filipa Ribeiro da Silva (bio) ABSTRACT This article examines women's participation in the economy of Mozambique by looking into multiple forms of female work and labor relations in a historical perspective, covering the period from 1800 to 2000. To this aim, I present a tentative profile of the Mozambican female population and a preliminary analysis of women's activities in the different economic sectors, as well as of the ways in which they contribute to the economy of the household, the state and the market economy. This is done by examining different types of labor relations they appear involved in, comparatively to men, and by discussing main changes over time and possible explanatory factors. For this purpose, I use population counts, censuses, and statistical data produced by the Portuguese colonial state and the Mozambican government in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, respectively, alongside reports from officials of the Portuguese colonial state and the concessionary companies. KEYWORDS gender, women, labor, business, agriculture [End Page 118] Introduction This article examines women's participation in the economy of Mozambique by looking into multiple forms of female labor and labor relations in a historical perspective, in the last two hundred years. To do so, I adopt and apply the new methodological approach that has been developed within the framework of Global Labor History over the last decade under the initiative of the International Institute of Social History (hereafter IISH). For this purpose, I use mainly population counts dating from as early as the first decades of the nineteenth century and early twentieth century, as well as census data, reports from officials of the Portuguese colonial state and the concessionary companies operating in part of the territory of Mozambique, namely the Mozambique Company. Part of these sources are collected in different archives and libraries in Portugal. Others were produced by the Mozambican State in the 1980s and 1990s and in the first decades of the twenty-first century, such as censuses and statistical data. These are, for the most part, available online on the website of the Mozambican National Institute of Statistics.2 The methodological challenges posed by these sources will be discussed further in this text. In addition, I am also resorting to legislation on labor and women, information on main economic policies during the colonial period and after independence, as well as ethnographical and anthropological studies. Based on these source materials, I built a dataset on labor relations in Mozambique, which is used as the point of departure for this study.3 The classification of labor relations is based on the "Taxonomy of Labour Relations" (hereafter Taxonomy) developed by the "Global Collaboratory for the History of Labour Relations" (hereafter Global Collaboratory).4 This study aims, therefore, to analyze in comparative perspective the ways in which women and men have changed their engagement with the economy of the country, here broadly defined, and with the world of labor in four main chronological benchmarks (1800, 1900, 1950, 2000). These benchmark years have been chosen to allow us to assess the situation in key moments of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, namely the situation before the European colonization,5 after the development of the colonial economy, and, finally, in the post-independence and post-civil war periods.6 The article is divided into four main sections. I start by discussing the sources used and the challenges they pose to the researcher in terms of chronological and geographical coverage, but also the issues they raise in terms of the criteria of classification of the population employed by the census-takers. This is followed by the presentation of a tentative profile of the Mozambican female population, in relation to the total population. To [End Page 119] do so, I pay attention to a couple of key demographic indicators, namely total population, geographical distribution, functional age groups, gender distribution, and marital status. In the third section of the paper, I offer a preliminary analysis of the participation of women in the Mozambican economy. To this aim, I look at the proportion of women that...

Общее доиндивидуальное измерение труда и искусства при постфордизме: постопераистский подход

The study explores the ways of involving the potential dimension of labor into its formation at the current stage. The concept of individualising the “pre-individual” by the Italian philosopher P. Virno is drawn upon to expand the "aesthetic model" onto all productive activities. In the process of the modern labor formation, individualising the pre-individual reality, including the language, human perception, affective sphere, and productive forces of the society, manifests itself through the workforce. All the aforementioned factors constitute the total potential charge of the “pre-individual”. The paper goes on to demonstrate the influence of the artistic critique of industrial labor on this process. The demands for autonomy, creativity, and freedom postulated by art criticism were incorporated into new forms of labor organization. Ways of managing labor began to be directed towards reducing unjustified labor costs as they started to be associated with the unrealized potential of workers. Subsequently, the model of artistic practices spread to the entire world of labor. The problem of involving the potential dimension of labor in its formation is considered through the prism of post-operaism showing that the cultural industry is built around the communicative activity "without the work". An attempt is made to demonstrate that artistic activity in modern society is characterized by the total involvement of the entire life into artistic practices. In addition, such activity is associated with project-based, unstable and intensive forms of human self-actualization. The study emphasizes that such activity is associated with collective practices since it includes the activity of not only the artist, but also the public. Accordingly, the subjectivity of the contemporary worker must be described through the processes of collective creativity and collective subjectivity. The second part of the study focuses on the potential labor dimension and emphasizes that the modern metamorphosis of labor echoes A. Gastev's famous project which emerged as a way to transform labor itself in its potentiality. Gustev's scientific labor organization project demonstrates the possibility of involving pre-individual potentialities into the production practices. In order for this involvement to take place, it is necessary to influence the human body in a certain way and to activate its creative potential suggesting a connection between Gustev's ideas and biopolitics. The investigation paves the way for a new artistic critique that might allow for the commodification of “the pre-individual '' to take place.

ПРОГНОСТИЧНА ПАРАДИГМА РОЗВИТКУ СВІТОВОГО РИНКУ ПРАЦІ

The article is devoted to the analysis of key aspects of the world economy labor supply in the context of the world labor market development prognostic paradigm. It is emphasized that at the current stage of world economic development, the importance of the world labor market development forecasting is increasing. This is the respond in advance to probable challenges of labor supply on a global scale in order to optimize the labor supply of national economies. Forecasting trends of the labor market development serves as the basis for the development of effective levers for managing international labor flows in the context of optimizing the labor supply of national economies. It is emphasized that the prognostic paradigm serves as the basis for the application of a program-targeted approach to the labor market regulation at all levels, which based on the determination of long-term target orientations of the socio-economic development of states in accordance with world standards. Taking into account the difference in approaches in global practice to the need for labor force analysis and forecasting, it was concluded that the development of multi-scenario forecasts, which are based on systematic monitoring of current and prospective volumes of labor demand and supply, is of particular relevance. It is noted that the importance of predictive assessments and the determination of optimal ways of providing labor resources to national economies is growing due to the strengthening of the personnel shortage problem on a global scale against the background of growing labor resource dependence from developed countries. Key words: global labor market, international labor flows, labor supply, labor market forecast, polyscenarios forecast, labor market monitoring.

Global instability trends: impact on human development and labour market

This research is focused on the impact of established global trends on the world labour market conditions and opportunities for human development. Five major groups of trends (technological innovations, ecodemographic, socio-behavioural, economic, political and administrative and safety trends) which have a varying influence on human development have been identified. The most significant global trends within the scope of this study include: life extension and life cycle change, development of artificial intelligence, introduction of new treatment and health advocacy methods, increasing aversion to manual labour, introduction of new employment models, aggravating resource scarcity, economic and social disparity, etc. The study has determined that global trends are characterised by wide impact on all state and social systems. These trends can be situational, and can entail both positive and negative changes in specific countries.

Socio-economic aspects of vaccination of the population against COVID-19 and the development of the world labor market

Socio-economic aspects of vaccination of the population against COVID-19 and the development of the world labor market

Labor mobility and labor market flexibility in the era of coronacrisis: Kazakhstani and foreign experience

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused tremendous damage not only to the economies of developing and developed countries but also to the world's most valuable asset known as human capital. One of the most significant consequences of the coronavirus crisis has been its massive impact on international migration. Moreover, migration processes contribute to the increased flexibility of the world labor market, which has only intensified under the influence of the coronavirus crisis. Kazakhstan, as an active participant in global migration processes, has felt the impact of the consequences of the coronavirus crisis, which affected the inflow and outflow of skilled labor to the local labor market. This article provides an analysis of the consequences of the coronavirus crisis on external migration processes in Kazakhstan, as well as the flows of labor migrants to the country's labor market. In addition, the authors consider the foreign experience in regulating migration in a number of countries. The author came to the conclusion that in the post-pandemic period flexible forms of employment can become a source for attracting professionals from abroad, as well as slowing down the outflow of domestic qualified specialists abroad.

ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЯ МІЖНАРОДНИХ ЕКОНОМІЧНИХ ВІДНОСИН УКРАЇНИ

The article is devoted to consideration of modern directions, features of the transformation of international economic relations of Ukraine (IERU), the content of which is defined as the process of restructuring, implementation of structural changes, introduction of innovative forms, methods, tools of functioning of the world economic relations of our state. The main prerequisites for the transformation of the IERU have been studied: a) globalization of the world economy; b) challenges of scientific and technical progress; c) the consequences of the war of the Russian Federation against Ukraine. In the theoretical aspect, the approach to the content of the dialectical interaction of the IERU and the foreign economic activity of Ukraine (FEAU), which, respectively, are considered as the essence and form of a single integral phenomenon - the system of international economic relations of our state. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the transformation of the following components of the IERU: a) foreign trade relations; b) problems of emigration of labor resources; c) adaptation to the conditions of the world labor market. Modern features of the transformation of foreign trade are noted, in the process of which the existing parameters of export-import operations, regional displacement of foreign trade volumes are taken into account. The directions of the transformation of IERU related to the domestic demographic situation are highlighted. They are characterized by a reduction in the active component of labor resources; employed in the field of foreign trade; termination of entrepreneurial activity by a part of the private sector, oriented towards international business; reduction of currency transfers from workers abroad; expenses related to the social security of immigrants in Ukraine and abroad. The effect of international economic sanctions against the Russian Federation is considered as a factor in the transformation of the IER. As promising directions of research into the transformation of IERU, it is proposed to consider: a) features of the accelerated development of external relations in the field of information and communication services; b) specifics of implementation of digital technologies in enterprises of the export sector; c) use of innovative forms of international cooperation in the global digital space.

ВПЛИВ ПРОЦЕСУ ЦИФРОВІЗАЦІЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ НА ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЮ ЗАЙНЯТОСТІ НАСЕЛЕННЯ

The article is devoted to the assessment of modern transformational changes in the sphere of employment under the influence of the spread of processes of digitization of the economy. Approaches to defining the content of the «digitalization» category in modern scientific literature are analyzed. Based on the systematization of existing scientific views, which was formed, the author's definition of the concept of "digitalization" is proposed. The main consequences of digitization on the world labor market are studied. It has been established that two main directions of change have formed in the global labor market in the context of the spread of the digital economy. First, it is the expansion of the use of information and communication technologies (ICT), as well as the involvement of an increasing number of human resources. In particular, this is the emergence of new professions in the IT sector, an increase in the number of vacancies, etc. Secondly, these are transformational changes in all other sectors of the economy due to the spread of ICT. These include: transformation of demand for human resources, changes in the structure of population employment, transformation of the nature of work, updating and modernization of qualification requirements for employees, etc. The indirect long-term consequences of the introduction of information and communication technologies for the labor market are determined. It is highlighted that an important trend of the modern labor market is the mastering of new specialties (professions) by employees who started their careers in other professional fields. It is emphasized that the expansion of economic sectors is ongoing due to adaptation to the new division of labor between humans, machines and algorithms. A conclusion was made regarding the further actualization of the implementation of support programs for career guidance and adult education. As a result, attention is focused on the priorities of the formation of current directions of the state policy of regulation of national labor markets with the diagnosis of their positioning in the global economic system. Keywords: digitalization, information and communication technologies, transformation, labor market, employment, competences.

КОНЦЕПТУАЛІЗАЦІЯ ПОНЯТТЯ «СВІТОВИЙ РИНОК ПРАЦІ»

The world labor market is a key and one of the most complex elements of the world economy. The labor market is a multifaceted object of research, and there are many definitions and interpretations of this concept in modern economic literature. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the theoretical and methodological foundations of the definition of the labor market and the systematization of theories regarding the interpretation of the definition "world labor market". In the article the author analyzed various theoretical and methodological approaches to the interpretation of the concept of "labor market" and "world labor market" in different eras of the development of economic science. It was determined that among the authors there is no unified approach to the interpretation of these concepts. There are also many definitions of the "labor market" in modern economic literature, which interpret it either as socio-economic relations, or as a system of relations, or as a mechanism. Based on the analysis of approaches to the study of the labor market within the national framework, the article defines the need for state intervention in the economic mechanism of the labor market in the views of scientists of various economic schools. Consideration of the labor market on a global scale is given in such theories as the theory of the world labor market, the theory of human capital, the theory of social capital, the new economic theory of migration, the theory of the segmented (dual) labor market, the theory of technological development, the theory of "attraction-repulsion", the theory of migration networks, the theory of migration systems and the theory of the new international economic order. On the basis of the conducted research, modern theories studying the functioning of the labor market at the micro-, macro- and global level are summarized and systematized. It is well-founded that most modern theories of the world labor market focus their attention on the process of international migration of labor resources, because in the second half of the 20th century it became an important part of the process of internationalization of international economic life. The commonality of views of scientists is manifested in the fact that the basis of the modern world labor market is formed by international labor flows.

NATIONAL THESAURUSES OF SUBJECT BRANCHES AS AN IMPORTANT TOOL OF PROFESSIONAL SPEECH TRAINING OF FOREIGN STUDENTS IN INSTITUTIONS IN INSTITUTIONS

The article considers the importance and necessity of formation and use of Ukrainian-language specialized thesaurus resources in various fields, which will act as an effective tool for professional speech training of foreign students in higher medical institutions not only in basic higher education, but also in new continuing education, education (for life). The urgency of accelerating work on the creation of national Ukrainian-language thesauri of both general and professional orientations, which is due to further integration processes, when domestic free economic zones are included in the training of specialists for the global labor market. Therefore, it is necessary to create a national Ukrainian-language thesaurus, which must be adapted and / or identical to global thesauri (today English-language thesauri are quite common for the world labor market and the world educational space). There is a further increase in intersectoral relationships that increase the lexical and semantic load on existing dictionaries, words, and terms, as well as the growing number of new words, terms and definitions in terms of entering the digital (cybernetic) component in all areas. In addition, the number of bilingual foreign students is growing every year, who, in addition to the national language, also speak English, which increases the level of their competencies. That is why it is necessary to compile English-Ukrainian explanatory dictionaries of professional terms in various fields, which on the one hand will improve the adaptation of foreign students to Ukrainian-language vocational education, and on the other hand, will promote the formation of Ukrainian-language professional thesaurus in the context of world thesauri. Concerning the medical field, first of all it is necessary to take measures to ensure that the multilingual MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) thesaurus also becomes Ukrainian-speaking and has open access for the entire medical community (education, science, broadcasters, professionals) online. In addition, this resource can be taken as a basis, creating additional thesauri at the national level, where the rights to them will be for our country, which will allow free use of available resources. In addition, it is necessary to unite the efforts of domestic scientists (broadcasters, professionals) to create a Ukrainian thesaurus in professional areas of high quality and deep content.

PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF UKRAINIAN PHILOLOGY MASTERS IN THE CONDITIONS OF EDUCATION INTERNATIONALIZATION

The internationalization of the modern educational field correlates with the quality of training of a modern philology specialist, its competitiveness in the national and world labour market, moreover it is outlined as an urgent problem of modern education. The process of internationalization in the context of training Ukrainian philology masters is analysed in view of the urgency of rethinking approaches to the formation of the humanities in Ukraine’s modern higher education institutions. The authors aimed to describe current trends in internationalization based on the case of academic activities, mechanisms and results of internationalization of the Faculty of Philology and Journalism of Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatyuk National Pedagogical University. Theoretical methods have been used to interpret the basic provisions and concepts related to the internationalization of national higher education: analysis of scientific developments; comparison of the proposed scientific approaches; synthesis of the content of basic concepts; identification of contradictions during the process of internationalization. At the same time, the study of the peculiarities of professional training of Ukrainian philology masters in terms of internationalization is based on empirical methods: analysis of the regulatory framework; monitoring the activities of all participants in the educational process; survey of students and teachers of the Faculty of Philology and Journalism; study and generalization of the experience of the departments, the department of international relations, the scientific department, the Career Bureau, other structural subdivisions related to internationalization during the training of masters of Ukrainian philology. The systematic approach, which is the basis of the study, allows to consider the educational process (formation of masters of philology) as a dynamic, open to change and quality updates, which actively interacts with the external environment. The analysis allowed to highlight the differences between internal and external internationalization, to outline the main ways of their implementation. As a result, the influence of internationalization processes on changes in the educational activities of applicants for the second (master's) level of the Faculty of Philology and Journalism, in particular the formation of their individual trajectory of professional development. The results of empirical research indicate that the main activities of the university are the development of academic mobility of applicants, the opening of joint educational programs with foreign institutions, the development of international research. The process of internationalization is stimulated by the requirements of the labour market, competitive conditions in the educational environment. The analysis of strategies aimed at improving the level of foreign language proficiency of all participants in the educational process, motivation, methodological and organizational readiness of applicants and research and teaching staff to participate in academic mobility programs, international research projects are the prospects for further research.

Забезпечення зайнятості молоді через діяльність малих громад в Україні

Проаналізовано типові виклики зайнятості молоді: безробіття, виїзд за кордон; недостатній рівень кваліфікації та можливості зайнятості молоді через співпрацю навчальних інституцій із місцевими та регіональними роботодавцями; неформальна освіта; участь у місцевому самоврядуванні громади. Запропоновано розробити ефективну державну молодіжну політику щодо забезпечення зайнятості молоді в малих громадах через: розвиток молодіжного підприємництва; активізацію молоді та залучення до діяльності громади; включення молоді у ради і комітети.

Cultural Component in Professional Development of Non-philological Specialties Students in the Process of Studying a Foreign Language

The professional development of future specialists has to meet global and domestic standards. Cultural competence is essential for future professionals as it makes it easier to collaborate with foreign professionals, improve their competitiveness in the world labor market and increase the specialist’s ability to solve professional challenges. The study attempts to answer the questions about the importance of cultural competence development of non-philological students in the process of studying a foreign language and methodological approaches used in this process. The aim of the paper is to present the model of cultural competence formation of future non-philological specialties experts at the foreign languages classes and determine its main components and formation conditions. The study investigates how cultural competence development changes the value-based attitude towards future professional activity and promotes the interest in learning, personal and professional enrichment. Students of three Ukrainian higher educational institutions (from the first to third course) have taken part in the research. The research used conscious-comparative, audiolingual, and role-play methods. The study of the results, based on four criteria (cognitive, moral-axiological, communicative, cultural), showed that learners started to understand the necessity of cultural enrichment of disciplines. The research proved that the implementation of the given technique resulted in the improvement of students’ learning and cognitive activity and enhancement of the general level of training. The paper gives some recommendations for language teachers to organize the process of learning a language on a cultural basis.