Fairer World Research Articles

BRICS Expansion: A Geopolitical Triumph of Partner Countries

The BRICS organization is making significant and consistent progress in its development. The 15th BRICS Summit was held in Johannesburg from 22 to 24 August 2023. This summit is a global event that sets the trends and guiding principles for future economic policies. Four of the five BRICS member countries are among the ten largest countries in the world in terms of GDP, territory and population. According to open sources, the total area of the BRICS countries is 39.7 million square kilometers (26.7% of the world’s land surface), and the population is estimated at3.2 billion people (41.5% of the world’s population). The economic potential of BRICS, as the leading economic organization in the world, is more than significant. These competitive advantages in the economy and financial sphere represent an enormous resource of industrial, human and technological potential that can serve as the locomotive of the global economy. Following the conclusion of the above summit, the leaders of the BRICS countries adopted the final “Johannesburg-2” declaration, which noted the advisability of using their countries’ respective national currencies in international trade and collectively resolving problems related to international debt. In addition, decisions were made to expand BRICS and admit new member states to the organization. BRICS has established itself as a prominent entity on the global stage, whose influence in world affairs is consistently strengthening. The strategic course of their unification is aimed at planning for the future and meets the interests of the leading nations of the international community, the so-called world majority. By acting cohesively on the principles of equality, partnership support and mutual consideration, the BRICS member countries are effectively addressing the most pressing issues on the global and regional agenda. The BRICS member states are strongly in favor of the establishment of a multipolar world order that is based on international law and is fair. At the same time, they are committed to adhering to the fundamental principles of the United Nations Charter. BRICS is the most important guarantor of the legal foundations of international relations and a fair world order in general. The recent expansion of the BRICS group is a significant event that enables the group to have an even greater influence in international affairs. The presented article analyzes the features of the recent expansion of BRICS and its impact on world geopolitics, taking into account the admission of new states to the organization. The distinctive features of the BRICS group activities and its role in relation to the G7 and G20 are revealed. The trends in the transition to a multipolar world are discussed. Furthermore, issues of political and economic cooperation between the different BRICS member countries are analyzed.

The Impact of Postcolonial Literature on Critical Thinking and Identity Formation among Pakistani Students

The magic of literature can resuscitate brains and rebuild communities. Books can introduce us to new worlds, help us question our convictions and engage in a more profound communication with people & ourselves through the book pages. This research, while using the qualitative method by conducting interviews with literature students and applying thematic analysis, focuses on Post-Colonial literature and its influence on critical thinking and identity formation among Pakistani students. Overall, we found that reading postcolonial literature improves critical thinking skills and a deeper understanding of socio-political issues, as well as influences cultural identity and personal connections. This study identifies the urgent need to incorporate post-colonial reading material into syllabi in order to encourage critical thinking, cultural sensitivity and social responsibility among students. Postcolonial literature can offer transformative power to create a more just and fair world through a transformed self.

I Play Online Games Because I Believe in a Just Virtual World

Abstract: Understanding the impact of societal perceptions on online gaming is crucial, given the online gaming industry’s remarkable growth and the blurring lines between online and offline market environments. This study aims to explore how perceptions of inequality in the world, viewed through the lens of belief in a just world, affect game consumption and to understand the mediating effect of mindset. The results of two experiments provide adequate evidence that as people’s belief in the existence of a fair world decreases, their inclination to play online games increases. Additionally, this trend intensifies when gamers possess a growth mindset, and life satisfaction shows a moderated mediating effect on the relationship. The results of this study will offer valuable insights to understand the connection between the online and offline worlds.

청년 아르바이트생의 차별경험과 진로미결정의 관계

Objectives In this study, we tested the mediating effect of belief in a just world in the relationship between young part-time workers' experiences of discrimination and career indecision.
 Methods An online survey was conducted targeting young people aged 15 to 34 with part-time work experience. The final 259 copies were used for statistical analysis. Descriptive statistical analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, and regression analysis were performed using the SPSS 23.0 statistical program. And to verify the mediation effect, bootstrapping was performed to verify statistical significance.
 Results The average experience of discrimination was 3.06, the average career indecision was 2.32, and the average belief in a fair world was 3.77. and the average belief in a just world was 3.77. There was a positive correlation that the more discrimination experiences young part-time workers had, the higher their career indecision. There was a negative correlation between the experience of discrimination and overall belief in a just world, distributive justice belief, and procedural justice belief. It was confirmed that belief in a just world had a full mediating effect on the impact of youth discrimination experiences on career indecision. In addition, the partial mediating effect of distributive justice belief and the full mediating effect of procedural justice belief, which are subvariables of belief in a just world, were confirmed.
 Conclusions This study emphasizes the need to consider the cognitive variable of belief in a just world in the relationship between young part-time workers' experiences of discrimination and career indecision. Based on this, we laid the foundation to reduce the career indecision of young part-time workers who are experiencing discrimination and provide education and counseling opportunities to help young people enter the labor market.

A Study of Global Trade War and Its Impact on Indian Economy

A Study of Global Trade War and Its Impact on Indian Economy

A New Fair World Order Formulated in Beijing: Results of the Third Belt and Road Forum

A New Fair World Order Formulated in Beijing: Results of the Third Belt and Road Forum

Fair world para masters point system for swimming

Abstract A fair and inclusive competition depends on a scoring system that takes all relevant factors into account. We analysed the current World Para Point System for swimming and identified several theoretical and practical disadvantages. We propose and test a Fair World Para Point System that not only improves the algorithm, but also extends it to accommodate for the age of the athlete. It also provides a method to break point ties. This will enable para masters swimmers for the first time to compete fairly with each other. We also develop and publish tools that enable event organisers to directly use the Fair World Para Point System.

A Shifting Capital of Religious Education in the Digitalization Era

This study shows how the shifting capital of education aligns with the economic spirit in the digitalization era. The ideology of education, which supports the transformation of human resources to a better and fair world, has been shifted to the economic path due to economic and cultural triggers. The economic element shapes educational institutions' alignment in the labor market. The latter is to make the shifting capital of education move faster towards the economic demand due to the entrance of modernization culture in the form of digitalization technology. Furthermore, the development of religious education also gets the impact of digitalization era, but it still humanizes the humanity aspect as the novelty of this research. The sociological method is to be conducted to analyze and evaluate beyond the shifting capital of education. Critical thinking in the sociological method through Weberian rationality and bureaucracy is used to probe some possible answers to see the shifting capital of education. The result of this research is that the shifting capital of education toward economic and educational capitalism still upholds the humanizing humanity to work in the workforce field. The conclusion reaches that the shifting capital of education emphasizes the access of human resources to engage in the market during the digitalization era through the rationality of educational institutions.

The Economic and Political Role of the BRICS Member Countries on the World Stage and in Cooperation with Russia

The rapid growth of the economy in developing countries forces the world community to pay special attention to the countries that are members of the BRICS Union and occupy the place of the new actor of the global world. The turbulence of the modern geopolitical situation has presented the main world forces with civilizational problems that threaten the national security of countries, a fair world order, humanitarian and socio-economic values, stability of financial markets and trade logistics routes, as well as the effectiveness of cross-border transactions using various platforms, including cryptocurrencies and blockchain. The mutual interest of the Union countries in deepening and expanding relations in many areas of cooperation is disclosed in the article, both through the prism of modern world events and through the indicators of the foreign economic activity of Russian entrepreneurship. Consideration of the functioning of this union is relevant not only from the point of view of the formation of features of the new multipolar The author's use in the work of a structural and functional analysis of the interaction of the BRICS member countries with each other and the influence of the union on the international agenda makes it possible to attempt to predict the future development of cooperation between countries and the possible expansion of the union and its influence on the global economic and political situation. The additional purpose of this article is to disclose and assess the problems arising between the BRICS member countries and propose options for their solutions.

Public History in Digital Spaces: Public Interpretations of the Transatlantic Slave Trade and Its Implications for History Teaching

Abstract The Transatlantic Slave Trade was one of the cruelest events in human history, with its effects spanning several centuries. Slave monuments are visible representations of the memory of the slave trade and avenues for public discourse about the event and its impacts. This study draws on YouTube videos commemorating the Transatlantic Slave Trade in Ghana, examining not only the content of the videos but also the comments that YouTube users made on the videos. Based on the videos and comments, we analyze public sentiments, interpretations, and reconstruction of the Transatlantic Slave Trade. This study finds that social media presents opportunities to intensify public discourses about the Transatlantic Slave Trade. Public interpretations of the event convey a sense of optimism, forgiveness, reconciliation, and hope for a better and fairer world. Implications for the teaching of difficult histories in schools are discussed.

Culture and Environment as Pillars in the Formation of Sustainable Education

When we talk about education, those traces of memory that have remained in us come to mind, this is due to complex processes that generate changes in the person and these transformations that impact life and society. You could not talk about education without training. Education is fundamental from the first years and it is essential that it be taught from the family, through which teaching is articulated, knowledge is acquired and consolidated, and virtues for life are formed. One of the biggest challenges in this time of education is to return to comprehensive training, one that leaves individualized teachings and allows learning to be achieved that integrates systems, such as the environment, culture, society and, above all, work. As a team that promotes a more balanced and fairer world, this will be the challenge that makes the difference.

Positive Peace in the Islamic Perspective of International Relations: The Case of Iran’s Foreign Policy

The characteristics of the interpretation of the concepts of “positive” and “negative” peace within the framework of the Islamic paradigm of international relations, as well as the application of Islamic approaches to conflict settlement by the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) are analyzed. The relevance of the study is due to the need to rethink approaches to peacekeeping and move away from Western peace strategies and initiatives, since these approaches have demonstrated their inadequacy over the past 50 years. Based on the hermeneutic method of studying the Islamic sacred texts and comparative analysis, as well as the approach to “negative” and “positive” peace of the Norwegian sociologist J. Galtung, the authors justify the existence of two strategies for achieving peace, based on Islamic ideals - “resistance strategy” and “non-violence strategy,” using as an example of the first one the foreign policy activities of the Islamic Republic of Iran to resolve regional conflicts, taking Syria, the Palestinian problem and the Hormuz Peace Initiative as examples. The authors come to the conclusion that Islam considers only “positive peace” to be true peace, capable of ensuring security, a fair world order and universal equality. Iran, guided by the ideological attitudes generated by the Islamic Revolution of 1978-1979 (spirituality, the fight against corruption and economic injustice, the protection of the ‘oppressed’ and the fight against the ‘oppressors,’ the rejection of violence in social movements, the elimination of social discrimination, governance based on the people’s decision), seeks to introduce Islamic principles into its foreign policy practice, particularly in the Middle East. However, with a number of Arab countries in the region pursuing anti-Iranian policies, some of Tehran’s initiatives remained unrealized and did not gain support. Nevertheless, in the current context where the Western-centric world order is being revised, it is more relevant than ever to explore alternative approaches to conflict resolution and to identify their advantages and significance, based on practical examples that already exist.

ამერიკის შეერთებული შტატებისა და რუსეთის ურთიერთობები ახლო აღმოსავლეთის რეგიონში

The main global geopolitical discourse of the 20th century was to divide the world into two parts, the spheres of influence of Soviet and West. The United States was the leader of the West, which was perceived by Russia as a major geopolitical opponent. The political leadership of Russia, at first with inertia, and then thoroughly continued this course of Soviet Union. The US authorities showed a relatively less reactional policy on the Russian Federation than it did to the Soviet Union. However, the final cooperative agreement on the main geopolitical issues has not been reached between the two states. The Persian Gulf and the Middle Eastern region in general have always been a wide area of interest to Russia. Such a persistent interest in the region is due to a very simple reason – the Middle East is the southern flank of Russia's borders. Consequently, Russia's foreign policy will always have a leading influence in the region. Consequently, the US – Russia interests also appear in this region. One of the leading directions in Russia's geopolitics is the United States. Currently, there is a highly tense relationship between the US and Russia due to the Ukrainian war. Nevertheless, both large international actors are more or less aware of how much their relationship depends on the fate of humanity as a whole. Russia and the US were allies in World War II. This historical memory also exists between them, but ideological and civilizational differences have not allowed the parties to lay the groundwork for somewhat peaceful and fair world. Relationships between them are more rivalry than cooperation. At present, Russia has imposed heavy economic sanctions from the US and the West.

The Long View: Leadership at a Critical Juncture for “African Art” in America

The Long View: Leadership at a Critical Juncture for “African Art” in America

"The world is more than five", or turkish justice

The concept of justice is actively used in the foreign policy discourse of the Republic of Turkey. The perception of this category in world politics is not uniform. The article is based on the analysis of the book "A Fairer World is Possible", written by Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan in 2021. The first chapter focuses on the analysis of the modern international system, identifying the main trends in its development and transformation. Special emphasis is made on the injustice of the modern system. A particular attention in the book is given to the issue of the UN reform, as the main symbol of the existing world order. The second chapter is dedicated to proposals on the UN reform, designed to create a more just world order. The main principles and directions of future reforms are highlighted. It is notable that the nature of R. T. Erdogan's theses is ambivalent: the use of the category of justice conceals actions in the foreign arena that run counter to the declared principles. The book gives an understanding of the views of the modern Turkish elite on world politics in general.

On Reparations and the Possibility of Other Systems

Mabel O. Wilson teaches architecture and African American and African Diaspora Studies at Columbia University, where she also serves as the Director of the Institute for Research in African American Studies. With her practice Studio &, she was a member of the design team that recently completed the Memorial to Enslaved Laborers at the University of Virginia. Wilson has authored Begin with the Past: Building the National Museum of African American History and Culture (2016) and Negro Building: Black Americans in the World of Fairs and Museums (2012), and coedited the volume Race and Modern Architecture: From the Enlightenment to Today (2020). She is a founding member of Who Builds Your Architecture? (WBYA?)—an advocacy project to educate the architectural profession about the problems of globalization and labor. For the Museum of Modern Art in New York City, she was cocurator of the exhibition Reconstructions: Architecture and Blackness in America (2021).

Relationships Between College Students’ Belief in a Just World and Their Learning Satisfaction: The Chain Mediating Effects of Gratitude and Engagement

This paper reveals the mechanism of the influence of belief in a just world on college students' learning satisfaction, and provides reference for further improving the quality of talent training in higher education. By convenient sampling method, 131,894 college students from 348 undergraduate universities in China were investigated on the belief in a just world scale, gratitude scale, learning engagement scale and learning satisfaction scale. Then, SPSS, AMOS and other software were used to analyze the data. 1) Belief in a just world, gratitude, learning engagement and learning satisfaction are positively correlated. 2) Belief in a just world can not only directly and positively predict college students' learning satisfaction, but also indirectly and positively predict college students' learning satisfaction through gratitude and learning engagement respectively. 3) Gratitude and learning engagement play a chain mediating role between belief in a just world and learning satisfaction. Belief in a just world positively predicts college students' learning satisfaction through gratitude and learning engagement, suggesting that colleges and universities should create a fair learning environment and enhance college students' sense of gratitude, so as to improve college students' belief in a fair world and gratitude level, thus promoting their learning engagement and finally improving their learning satisfaction.

Cryptocurrency and the Future of the World Currency

Cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology are increasingly loved, especially the COVID-19 pandemic sweeping the world. Some people choose to trade, invest, or mine using cryptocurrency because it is considered practical and able to generate fantastic profits. This article was written to analyze the prospects and implications of using cryptocurrency as a currency. To explore and describe the prospects and implications of cryptocurrency as a currency, a study was conducted with a literature review approach from secondary sources regarding the reasons for the prohibition of cryptocurrencies, the instability of crypto values, and without a clear underlaying of assets. Furthermore, the study in this article is expected to be able to explain the advantages and disadvantages of cryptocurrencies as well as alternative efforts in creating a stable and fair world currency

The Council of Mutual Economic Assistance and UNIDO: in Search of a Bright Industrial Future

On the basis of COMECON archive stored in Moscow the author for the first time analyzes mechanism of common decision making among socialist countries regarding UNIDO — the UN body in charge of industrial development in 1970s — 1980s. The article is in a scientific first to represent the story of the Permanent Working Group (PRG) of the COMECON Executive Committee as a special body responsible for working out of collective politics in UNIDO. For the first time the reader can grasp the concept of World economic security which had been worked out and promoted in UN structures by the COMECON member states in the second half of 1980s. On the basis of the PRG materials author comes to the conclusion that the International economic security concept had been seen by socialist states as “elastic mutually acceptable compromise” — part and parcel of the New world economic order, promoted by the Third World countries in 1980s. The author believes that “new thinking” in international economic relations which caused the appearance of the International economic security, strategy of COMECON in UNIDO and other program documents was the idealistic attempt to build the failed socialist project of globalization of which one heard in various publications about alternative scenarios of more fair world order, yet without analysis of key strategic documents of 1980s before. The nowday search of a new model of global development invite the readers to throw a new light at the theoretical baggage of 1980s and allow us to come to new conclusions about the rise and fall of collective actions by COMECON members at the world stage.

VICTIM BLAIMING AS A SOCIAL PROBLEM

The article characterizes victim blaming as a social phenomenon and a social problem. Victimblaming is an act of devaluation that occurs when the victim of a crime is liable – in whole or in part – for the crime committed against him/her. This guilt can manifest itself in the form of a negative social reaction from professionals (lawyers, doctors, social workers, psychologists), the media, relatives, acquaintances. The evolution of victim blaming research in different branches of science is traced. The main causes of victim blaming are characterized (patriarchal customs, tolerance of certain types of violence, belief in a fair world, imperfection of the justice system, attribution errors, invulnerability theory, formed social stereotypes about the image of the victim). The main definitions that correlate with victim blaming are characterized. It is noted that victim blaming can occur in all spheres of public life and take the form of domestic, unconscious, or mass and purposeful behavior. Victimblaming as a form of violence can take various forms – both psychological and physical, although usually victims of crime are subjected to psychological pressure in the form of humiliation, insult or devaluation. Gender is a social characteristic that increases the risk of being accused, so several categories of female victims are most often victimized: rape victims, victims of sexual harassment, and sex workers. The social consequences of victimization are outlined for victims who are less likely to report future violence in an attempt to avoid secondary victimization due to a lack of social support and social empathy. It is noted that victim blaming as a social problem causes a whole range of social problems: it destroys the security atmosphere, contributes to the normalization of violence in the mass consciousness and complicates the process of providing social and psychological assistance to its victims.