World Of Constant Change Research Articles

Data Model for Drilling Information and its Application

As computing technology has evolved, so have the demands placed by the user community on the functions it provides. The expectations of software used in drilling operations are changing from a convenient way of producing the daily drilling report, to acquiring drilling data for use in engineering analysis programs. This data is expected to provide insight into an increasing array of complicated engineering operations questions. There are a number of commercial morning reporting systems in use throughout the industry. However, after collecting many years worth of drilling data, the engineer is finding that their morning reporting system cannot easily provide the answers to some very basic questions. Many providers of drilling information systems have built their applications founded on daily wellsite operations, using the latest Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) to ensure their case of use. The data model is usually an afterthought, and is generally time rather than activity based. In some cases, the data model is used as a tool to further the system`s {open_quotes}user-friendliness{close_quotes}. This robs the application of its versatility in performing even some of the most fundamental analysis of the data. To date, neither POSC (Petrotechnical Open Systems Corporation) nor the PPDM (Public Petroleum Data Model)more » have initiated studies to develop a drilling data model. The authors will present a data model that was used as a basis for Shell Canada`s (SCan) Drilling Information System. The provision of a sound data model, that accurately reflects the fundamental data used by drilling (or other operations), is paramount to the success of any information system. Without it, the utilization of engineering operations analysis tools for optimization would be extremely difficult.« less

Forecasting Resources for Clinical Trials: An Art or a Science?

Project planners operate in a world of constant change and need tools that will enable them to quickly revise forecast scenarios that reflect the present and future research and development (R & D) environment. The resource calculation model presented here provides the project planner with a relatively easy method to calculate and revise clinical grant expenditures, and personnel and operational cost requirements for: 1. ongoingprojects, 2. compounds in the R & Dpipeline. and3. future unknown compounds that are anticipated either from discovery orjoint ventures with otherfirms. A portfolio of resources is constructed and forecasted out 8-10 years that can be revised to create various resource requirement scenarios for R & D strategicplanning. To check the validity of the model, three projects that were selected for contracting out to contract research organizations (CROs) were costed out in the model and then compared to thepricingsubmitted in CRO bids. In each case, the estimates from the model were within 20% of the totals submitted in the CRO bids. The main issue, however, is not so much whether doing work in-house is cheaper than using CROs, but that one must be sure to include all costs, both obvious and “hidden,” and whether or not the resource calculation modelpresented here can be an effective tool for both sponsors and CROs.

Training for Organisational Effectiveness

In a world of constant change, businesses must move forward in order only to stand still, competitively. In the push for success, training is only one element. This article looks at three training routes to greater corporate effectiveness and discusses how they vary in content and application. Industrial training at Ford UK in particular is examined.

The new world of constant change

The new world of constant change

Dictionaries and Usage

Modern education conditions us to regard a dictionary with reverence. It serves as a point of stability, a standard in a world of constant change. A few years ago a great tumult arose when the new edition of Webster's Third International Dictionaryretreated from the position of setting rigid standards, contenting itself with reporting the actual usages, whatisrather than whatoughtto be. Medical dictionaries generally do not have to contend with this problem. New terms come into being and naturally are included in new editions. At the same time, obsolete terms get eliminated. Only rarely, however, do medical terms undergo a major change in usage. This problem, nevertheless, so common in ordinary speech, is becoming intrusive into medicine with a recentJAMApublication [Meyerowitz et al, 225:408, 1973] that dealt with an excision of a massive abdominal fold. The authors were not entirely consistent in their

Technology and Social Change

We live in a world of constant change. Western society as opposed to Eastern society has always been characterized by change, though perhaps today Eastern societies such as China and Japan are changing faster than we of the West.Our folklore in America pictures the “new” world that Rip van Winkle found when he awakened. Every day we listen for the news. What's new in the world? We have a newspaper. We have newscasters on the media. We greet each other with, “What's new?” Our scientists set out for New Worlds to conquer. We have New Math and Art Nouveau. We change washing machine models every year. We change dress and hair styles. In most cases anything 100 years old is fit only for discard. We tear down our old buildings and move to the suburbs. Things change so fast we don't have time or the inclination or the ability to evaluate whether it was really necessary to have a new style of car or washing machine or a new design for the detergent box. We are driven by maximizing of profits, by being efficient, and by moving people and things.

Rehabilitation of Time Dimension of Investment in Macrodynamic Analysis

THE concept of the period of investment appears to have fallen quite into disfavour with modern economic theory. The reason for this is twofold. Firstly recent controversy on the pure theory of capital has revealed that the concept of investment period, as put forward by Jevons and B6hm-Bawerk, is incapable of exact measurement even under the stationary settings in which it was originally conceived. Some economists, notably Professor Knight, therefore argue for its abandonment on the ground that since it cannot be measured with any high degree of accuracy, its use should be avoided in work pretending to be of a scientific character.2 Secondly it was pointed out that this concept, as originally put forward, is essentially static. It applies only to a stationary society, in which the stock of capital has been fully adjusted to the time preference of the population, so that no further accumulation is taking place, and there is no change in the environment, viz., in the technique of production, population, level of employment, natural resources, etc. Such stationary conditions, however, are far removed from the actual facts in a dynamic world of reality. In a dynamic world of constant changes, the difficulty of any reliable measurement of the investment period is indeed overwhelming. With these limitations in view, the use of this concept has been avoided by many economists. The result is rather unfortunate; for it is apt to happen that the baby is cast away with the bath water. In consequence, there is a tendency to neglect altogether the time element of investment in certain theories of dynamic economics. As a notable example, it was quite overlooked by Lord Keynes in his classic