World Industrial Development Research Articles

Shifting the focus of world industrial development from European countries and North America to Asia

Industry is the basis of economic development, therefore, studying the real sector allow us to assess the physical scale of the economy of individual countries and the world as a whole. The industrial production structural distribution by countries and macro-regions reflects the real balance of power in the global arena. Retrospective analysis allows us to see this process in dynamics, which contributes to the correct construction of models of further international cooperation, foreign trade and infrastructural development in this direction. The purpose of the study is to assess the dynamics of the industrial production shift from West to East in recent decades. The tabular, graphical and descriptive methods were used, and it allowed us to visualize the indicators retrospective analysis results. In the course of the work it has been proved that by now there is parity in the level of industrial production between the countries of the collective West and East. It makes it possible to change the term “developed countries” meaning and extend it not only to European and North American countries, but also to a number of Asian and Latin American countries due to the ever-growing importance of these countries’ industry on a global scale.

Modern paradigms and megatrends of industrialdevelopment

Implementation of long-term strategies by all industrial stakeholders. The global nature of the challenges necessitates the organic and harmonious integration of all national economies into a new paradigmatic development framework. This requires active rethinking of strategic concepts and industrial policies by political and economic elites at the national, regional, and global levels. There is a growing trend towards expanding the targeted multi-dimensionality of industrial development as a component of holistic socio-economic systems at any level. Thus, the task of deepening the balance and harmonization of individual vectors and processes, both in the sector itself and in related sectors of the economy, is becoming more urgent. As part of the implementation of the imperatives of the socio-humanitarian paradigm, megatrends are being formed to prioritize the inclusion of humanitarian progress goals in industrial strategies and policies, transition to customer-oriented business models, and reorientation of industrial activities to form/expand the "comfort zone" (in various dimensions). The trend of systemic changes in the models of production use of all types of resources on the basis of maximizing resources’ efficiency and environmental safety is strategically important for global industrial development. This will lead to a shift in emphasis in long-term strategies from maximizing the volume and quantity to optimizing the structural and quality parameters of industrial production. The prospects for implementing the innovative paradigm of industrial development will be mainly determined by the scale and dynamics of 4IR deployment in key technological areas (digitalization, robotics, Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, etc.). For sustainable and inclusive development permanent innovative adaptability to changes is becoming a necessary property of industrial production and economic systems at all levels. In the context of the technological trend caused by the 4IR, the factors of information and communication and human resources are becoming increasingly important. The implementation of the innovative paradigm of industrial development contributes to the dynamic formation and deployment of the trend of creativity in the development and modernization of business models and industrial projects. At the current stage of world industrial development, the implementation of the globalization paradigm is accompanied by contradictory phenomena. However, the economic effects of globalization, which have already manifested themselves or are potentially possible, provide grounds to consider the trends caused by it as relatively stable long-term trends. The current processes of national/regional autonomisation should be viewed as a tactical adaptation maneuver in the economic policy of states and regional entities.

History of the Second Industrial Revolution. Scientific Research of Faculty of Economics

Article is designed to expand the course on the history of the national economy through the introduction of global topics (in addition to sections on the development of individual countries and regions). The article deals with the spasmodic development of world industry in the second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries. Data are given on the rapid development of the electric power industry and electrical engineering, metallurgy, various means of transport (cars, aircraft, etc.), as well as types of weapons. In conclusion, a general analysis of the social changes caused by the Second In-dustrial Revolution in the most developed, technically advanced countries of the world is presented.

Industry 5.0: transition to a sustainable and human-oriented industry

The article addresses the main trends in the development of world industry within the framework of Industry 4.0 and the new Industry 5.0. The main prerequisites for the emergence of the Industry 5.0 concept are studied, in particular, extensive digitization and the dynamic development of technologies of the fourth industrial revolution, which has led to the certain dehumanization of industry and has increased the interest of the scientific community in the aspects of industrial humanization, human-centeredness of industry, stability, sustainability, and resilience. The main principles and trends of the development of Industry 5.0, the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic, geopolitical crises, and disruptions of the global value chains on the condition and prospects for the development of world industry, new rules and requirements for global product manufacturers, technological innovations, and production trends are studied. The author identifies directions for expanding the concept of Industry 4.0 to include humanization, sustainability, and resilience. The rapid development of new technologies often outpaces the ability of organizations to align their development priorities with it and effectively take advantage of new opportunities, which leads to the need to navigate the changing business environment in time and develop a relevant development strategy. With so many technological changes, changing workforce demands, and social and regulatory priorities, there is a need to define guiding principles to help set the course for the digital industry. Industry 5.0 has become the basis for revising the future of energy, manufacturing, and mobility of supply chains, which rest on the foundations laid by Industry 4.0. The weaknesses of the Industry 4.0 concept, especially in terms of the role of a human in "smart" production and ensuring sustainable development are outlined. Accordingly, the expediency of further research and implementation of the Industry 5.0 concept is substantiated. On the basis of the conducted research on the implementation of Industry 5.0 and the world trends of industrial development, the author justifies the feasibility of reorienting production and business activities to human-centeredness as a new norm, strengthening sustainability, in particular, careful planning of stabilization measures in case of disruption of the global value chains – from factory facilities to network supplier, to transport channels, to regulatory and geopolitical changes, ensuring sustainability with manufacturers rethinking their impact on natural resources in connection with the expansion of the regulatory and legislative framework and investors' attention to reducing carbon emissions and negative impact on the environment.

Complex ecological branch of law in terms of globalization

The article deals with study of the impact of globalization on the development of a complex branch of environmental law. A significant development of science and technology in the modern world, the relative "development of the planet" and globalization processes necessitate the solution of qualitatively new scientific and applied problems and, in particular, the need to take into account the intensive development of world industry, limited natural resources and environmental requirements. and social mobility. The author has analyzed the most important historical events, implementation of international norms on environmental protection to national legislation. A particular attention has been paid to the development of the idea of environmental protection in European law in the second half of XX century and the separation within it of European environmental law. Recently, such important issues as the management of genetically modified organisms, the management of waste and hazardous chemicals, the reduction of harmful emissions into the atmosphere and water pollution have been regulated. This state of legal regulation of environmental relations at the level of international law has a positive impact on the national legislation of the Member States of the European Union and other states that have taken the European direction of development, including Ukraine. One of the important areas of cooperation between the European Union and Ukraine is the joint solution of problems in the field of environmental management and environmental protection. It has been concluded that the international legal regulation of environmental relations is a system of purposeful actions of subjects of international law, aimed at the rational use of nature and environmental protection in order to preserve it for present and future generations. The green economy is a priority for the European Union.

Agile manufacturing as a promising concept for Russian industry

The Forth Industrial Revolution is a global phenomenon of the present day. It possesses a tremendous potential for transforming the Russian industry, which was traditionally considered quite conservative in the use of digital technologies. The aim of the study is to identify effective model of the Russian industrial sector development. Methodology of agile manufacturing is offered. The state of the Russian industry in the context of the digital economy development is reviewed. Theoretical and practical aspects of agile manufacturing are presented. The implementation of the «virtual design bureau» in the Public Joint Stock Company United Aircraft Corporation is highlighted. This is one of the successful examples of the introduction of advanced industrial production technologies in Russian engineering industry. Summarizing, agile manufacturing can become a promising model for Russia in the context of contemporary trends of the world industrial development.

Experience in world industrial development and the reindustrialization of the domestic economy

Problems overcoming of the deindustrialization of the modern Russian economy are dealt with. The experience of the Soviet Union and the reindustrialization of the United States economy in 1980s are compared. Reindustrialization potential on the Russian economy based on partially government-owned vertically integrated intersectoral corporations is analyzed.

Biofuels, climate change and industrial development: can the tropical South build 2000 biorefineries in the next decade?

AbstractBiofuels are important because they span three of the greatest issues of our time –world industrial development; energy security and the transition to a bioeconomy; and global warming. Biofuels have something important to contribute as a solution in each of these three areas –without being a ‘magic bullet’ or the whole of the solution in any of them. Indeed, biofuels may be a transitory solution that will phase out after two or three decades as new electric‐powered transport systems take over. But in the meantime, biofuels have the potential to bring together North and South in a new Biopact of transcendent significance, promising to allow countries of the South to lift themselves out of poverty through biofuel cultivation, processing and export; and countries of the North to solve their transport and global warming problems by opening up to biofuels produced sustainably and responsibly from the tropical South. A goal of 2000 biorefineries over the course of the next decade is entirely realistic: their output would be of the order of 400 billion liters of ethanol and/or biodiesel, or about one fifth of OECD countries' current transport fuel requirements. The investment required would be of the order of US$240 billion over a decade –compared with the more than $470 billion expected by the International Energy Agency (IEA) to be invested in the oil and gas industry in a single year by 2010. In this light, the investment required is modest. Such an investment can only be undertaken if markets in the North are guaranteed. The best means of achieving such an investment‐grade guarantee is through a comprehensive global trade agreement. But the prospects for such an agreement are vitiated by the cacophony of opposition to biofuels raised in the North, by non‐governmental organizations (NGOs) and vested interests, who are raising hysterical concerns over the transition from fossil fuels to biofuels, and stand accused of seeking industrial protection under the guise of environmental concerns. © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

Catch-up strategies and the latecomer effect in industrial development

Scholarly attention to the issue of world industrial development now spans at least 60 years – if we go back just to debates over the ‘Big Push’ of Paul Rosenstein-Rodan or to the strategy of const...

The ‘Basic Needs’ approach to development vs the new international economic order: The significance of Third World industrialization

The question has recently been raised whether the basic needs approach to development conflicts with Third World aspirations for faster industrialization and the establishment of the New International Economic Order. This paper argues: (a) That to meet the basic needs of the poor in the Third World on a sustainable basis, it is necessary to transform its productive structures. In this transformation modern industry (including in most cases an appropriate capital goods industry) must play a central role. (b) That a properly conceived basic needs strategy should in general positively aid Third World industrial development. The paper concludes that accelerated industrialization and a substantially redistributive fiscal policy must be the two pillars of any effective basic needs programme.

Recent Developments in Aviation and Aerospace Medicine

IN THE HISTORY of the world's industrial development, no, industry has grown more rapidly than aviation except numerical computation by electronic means. In 1903 the Wright brothers flew the first powered aircraft. By 1912 the first commercial airline, KLM, was operating between London and Amsterdam twice a week. In 1960, a total of 60 million tickets were sold to more than 10 million passengers who flew on U.S. owned and operated aircraft alone; the business air fleet far exceeded in numbers the entire U.S. Air Force, and the combined commercial and business fleets were fewer in numbers than the aircraft privately owned and operated for pleasure. In October 1957 exploration of extraterrestrial space within our solar system became a reality. Only 4 years later, orbital traffic control is needed and man has gone into outer space and survived. Aerial mapping and surveying have almost outmoded the civil engineer surveyor. More than 4,000 companies seed, fertilize, and disinfect our crops. Forestry is dependent on avia,tionl for both disease control and fire control, and few major airports can ke,ep up with traffic growth. Every one of these situations has inherent medical problems. The study of these was called aviation meidicine in the 1930-58 period and is now called aerospace medicine.