World History Research Articles

Design and Practice of Mixed Teaching of World History in Universities in Southern Xinjiang from the Perspective of Multiple Culture

Design and Practice of Mixed Teaching of World History in Universities in Southern Xinjiang from the Perspective of Multiple Culture

A World History of Chinese Literature ed. by Yingjin Zhang (review)

A World History of Chinese Literature ed. by Yingjin Zhang (review)

Alternate Edens: History, Evolution, and Origins in UNESCO's Cultural and Scientific History of Mankind.

In 1963, the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) published the first volume of its long-awaited cultural and scientific history of mankind. First announced in 1948, the History of Mankind was envisioned as a comprehensive, universal human history, from the evolution of Homo sapiens to the middle of the twentieth century. This article uses editorial conflicts over the site of the cradle of the human species to explore the position of scientific knowledge in world history writing and to examine tensions between different national traditions of expertise at a moment of political and scientific transition.

In memory of those who went before, in honor of those who follow behind: Introducing African Christian Theology

Describing the shift of World Christianity from the Global North to the Global South, Mark Noll posited that “as much as the new shape of Christianity in the world affects general world history, much more does it influence matters of Christian belief and practice.”1 Given global Christianity’s shift to the South, Christian beliefs and practices in recent decades have not been driven by Western Christian theology. Nearly thirty years ago, western scholars recognized that the majority of Christians on the face of the earth are found in Africa, Asia, and Latin America — and that “the proportion . . . grows annually.”2 Therefore, in retrospect and prospect, global Christianity is increasingly envisioned to be highly influenced by non-Western Christian theologies. For example, diaspora missiologists are consistently reminding us that the global church is thriving because of the movement of Africans across the world.3 Africans migrating to North America and Europe are planting churches in areas where traditional Christianity has been declining.

Актуализация ОБРАЗОВ И стереотипов ОБЫДЕННОГО и профессионального СОЗНАНИЯ в устных рассказах о челябинском метеорите

The article is devoted to the analysis of images and stereotypes of everyday and professional consciousness represented in oral stories about the Chelyabinsk meteorite. The stories include various linguistic means for describing and considering the unique phenomenon that occurred on the morning of February 15, 2013. For the first time in the world history a large space body (in scientific terms an asteroid, meteoroid or bolide) flew and exploded over an industrialized and densely populated region, causing considerable destruction. The article views the stories of people who witnessed the event. Some of these stories were recorded in different years and stored in the folklore archive of the South Ural State Humanitarian and Pedagogical University, others were published in the popular science book “Chelyabinsk Superbolide” and the newspaper of Chelyabinsk State University “University Embankment.” The authors of the article consider that the stories reflect the subjective image of the objective world, largely due to the experience of people. The basis for the storytellers’ describing and interpreting what they saw and experienced includes either ordinary images and stereotypes (fire, car headlights, fireworks, building noise), or images and stereotypes characteristic of professional consciousness (shock wave, inversion trail, welding arc radiation, etc.) A certain part of the oral stories about the Chelyabinsk meteorite demonstrates the transition from the use of images and stereotypes of everyday consciousness to understanding the event in line with the folklore tradition. The analysis proved that a person’s cognitive activity relies on existing knowledge schemes, on the one hand, and is focused on the conceptual system of a particular individual, on the other hand.

Beyond the Paradigm of Post-1989 Feminist Art History: Researching All-women Exhibitions in Czechoslovakia, Poland and Croatia/Yugoslavia (1945–1989)

There have been some attempts in recent years to construct a global history of all women art initiatives, including those undertaken in Eastern Europe. These have succeeded in – slowly – redrawing a map of all-women art activities, and yet have revealed numerous limitations of revisionist attempts. In this text, we demonstrate how art historiography has developed in Eastern Europe after the political transformation in 1989 and how its anti-communist bias has contributed to the erasure of all-women art activities related to the socialist states’ politics from social memory and feminist art history. In the second part of the text, we develop parallel narratives – on Polish, Czech and Croatian/Yugoslav art scenes, respectively – about how this tendency is to be seen in the research on all-women exhibitions. These observations are a starting point for our histories of all-women exhibitions that include the activities of women artists and women’s organisations so far neglected in postsocialist feminist art historiography.

Interrogating Technology as a Resource in Pre-Modern Global History

Interrogating Technology as a Resource in Pre-Modern Global History

Teaching as Scholarship; or, Looking at the Global History of Energy Transitions in a Classroom in San Diego

Teaching as Scholarship; or, Looking at the Global History of Energy Transitions in a Classroom in San Diego

Kate Ekama, Lisa Hellman and Matthias van Rossum, Slavery and Bondage in Asia, 1550–1850. Towards a Global History of Coerced Labour

Kate Ekama, Lisa Hellman and Matthias van Rossum, Slavery and Bondage in Asia, 1550–1850. Towards a Global History of Coerced Labour

Ancient Sources about Hyperborea

Hyperborea is one of the most interesting and mysterious aspects in the history of the ancient world. In contrast with other mythical lands, there is a vast quantity of sources about it. Some authors, mainly poets, think of Hyperborea’s existence as plausible, others, mainly scholars, do not. Many sources contradict to each other, of others we have only fragments or preserved accounts from other authors. This study focuses on ancient Greek and Roman authors who (in)directly talked about Hyperborea, starting with Hesiod and finishing with Claudian. Accounts of the Riphean Mountains are also included.

A Study on the Development of World History General Education Content in University: Focusing on "History and the World"

A Study on the Development of World History General Education Content in University: Focusing on "History and the World"

Centaur at the Edge of the Forest

The study is devoted to one of the most relevant topics in art theory and philosophy of art — the search for principles for constructing a world history of art that would not be Western-centric. Since the origination of art history as a discipline is impacted by Hegel's philosophical system, attempts to develop a new history of art, from its beginnings in the 1960s to contemporary decolonial initiatives, have focused on deconstructing various aspects of its Hegelian foundations. In its most radical form, Hegel can be seen as the cause of the “white colonist” view of the art history of “Other” cultures, which are attributed traits such as “primitiveness,” “backwardness,” or are completely denied a place in history. This paper examines three ideas that underlie traditional art history (linearity, the principle of significance, and monochrony), as well as three philosophical questions that create any such history (what concept of history is chosen, how the principle of movement through history is understood, and what the principle selection of art history records is). These ideas and questions will be examined in relation to Hegel's philosophy, along with how their many practical interpretations deviate to varying degrees from the original. All of them are connected by the fact that they presuppose a certain philosophy of history and time. To reconsider the critique of Hegelianism, this study proposes to examine it through the concept of temporal discursive violence, which is constructed by applying the anthropological concept of the denial of coevalness to the Other to the context of temporal relations in the history of art. It will be shown that the rejection of Hegelian principles may lead to a large number of paradoxical situations, in which the history of art turns into a meaningless catalog or even into big data. Next there will be an attempt to prove that (a) the problem with Hegelianism in the history of art can be translated into the problem of temporal discursive violence, however, (b) this problem is not solved by relativization, the rejection of Hegel, or the selective preservation of his principles.

퇴계 감정론 연구-허령의 종교성을 중심으로-

While Korea is thriving externally through Korean Wave, internally it is a provisional suicide group because of its high suicide rate and low birth rate. In this thesis, these problems were examined from the viewpoint of Korean philosophy focusing on Toegye’s theory of emotions. Korea has the longest dynasty in the world, and is the only place where the theory of emotions of Sadanchiljeong was discussed for 300 years. This theory of emotions might be able to be established because emotions had been valued since the ancient times. Yet, here, the emotions are not the ones categorized into rationality and feelings by the Western thought. Toegye’s theory of emotions goes beyond this dualism, and is accompanied by spirituality(Heoyreongseong). It’s also distinguished from that of Hoeam(Zhu Xi) in China. While Hoeam placed spirituality in the area of pre-intentional state(wei-fa), Toegye put spirituality between Sadan and Chiljeong. The pre-international state of spirituality placed by Hoewam became agnosticism, but Toegye discussed spirituality that both a fool and a saint could understand. The present Korea has become a group suicide society internally, and created Korean Wave externally by expressing the accumulated and compressed emotions because the tradition of valuing emotions has been broken in the process of colonization, the war, and condensed modernization. What Korean philosophy can contribute to the world history is to recover the emotions humans originally have.

The structural-genetic theory program as the fundamental theory both of history and of social sciences and humanities

The structural-genetic theory program is an off-spring of Piagetian theory. It has accomplished the task that Piaget had intended to carry out but did not seriously. He wanted to study children to understand better history of mind, science, philosophy, and culture. It is shown that world history of culture, society, politics, law, morals, science, philosophy, religion, and arts has gone through the same stages that are known from developmental psychology. Accordingly, psychogenetic advancements have shaped the historical trajectories of these collective systems or societal phenomena. The application of developmental psychology to history sheds also a new light on the rise of modern, industrial society, thus dwarfing competing materialistic, institutional, and economic approaches. It is held that the new program inherits positions provided by Elias, Weber, Wundt, Cassirer, and other classical authors. It cannot only rebuild single humanities and social sciences but can also unify them under one common roof, breaking apart borders previously separating them from each other.

다문화사회의 상호문화성에 대한 전망

In the history of civilization, the world history of the past 200 years has left a mark in the history of the global expansion of Western civilization and the struggles of non-Western countries. And in the 21st century, Korea's multicultural phenomenon, which was formed at the crossroads of radical globalization economically, politically, and culturally, is also operating surrounded by the axis of Western civilization universalism. Accordingly, in the midst of globalization, ‘practice multiculturalism’ and ‘social integration’ have become important tasks in Korean society due to the influx of labor migrants and marriage migrants. However, in reality, there are social and historical weaknesses in Korea's compressed modernization that prevent the community from maturing as a multicultural society. This is not only because the Western sociality that enables representative politics of civil society, the basis of Western universalism, and the rule of law, that is, rational liberal democracy, has not fully matured in Korean society, but also because of the inherent vulnerability of globalized multiculturalism.
 The term ‘multicultural society’, which is used in various senses, has its origins in the immigration policy managed by the state, and has a large state-led political connotation as it has legal elements at the border management level. In Western history, it is an ideology that was created with the problem of post-colonialism following the immigration crisis. However, the mutual interference between the global economy and cultural activities at an ever-increasing pace is forming a super-complex social system. Among these direct and indirect influences, the movement of population, movement of labor, and flow of goods and capital have brought about rapid cultural transformation and conflict around the world under the advanced information technology system. Therefore, Western universalism requires the fusion of new civilizations from the perspective of the universal history of human civilization.
 This study examines the special characteristics of Korea's multicultural society within the mechanical arrangement of globalization and seeks the possibility of building the integration of a multicultural society based on the ideology of 'interculturality'. We will also highlight that the practice of cultural diversity implies a deep awareness of the diversity of life and the prospect for a universal civilization of humanity.

Проблема формирования многополярного мира и «осевое время» истории (к 140-летию со дня рождения К. Ясперса)

The contemporary history of the 20th and early 21st centuries turned out to be saturated and even oversaturated with major geopolitical events of military, economic, political, and cultural nature. In accordance with the well-known law of the transition of quantitative changes into qualitative ones, it is quite appropriate to speak of the changing nature of world history itself, an active process of transformation of its value bases. The institutionalization of new values gives rise not only to a conflict between the old and the new (tradition and innovation), but also between the bearers of such values, which is eloquently evidenced by the escalating confrontation between the collective West and other centers of world development. Such turning points in history can stretch for tens and hundreds of years both in its diachronic-ontological space and in the real geopolitical dimension. In the mid-20th century an interesting idea of “axial time” by the German philosopher K. Jaspers appeared within the framework of the philosophy of history. The relevance of this idea in modern conditions, as well as the possibilities of its theoretical and subject-practical use, are of considerable interest for modern humanitarian science. The article attempts to rethink the true meaning of Jaspers’ philosophical views on the historical process, the mechanism of history and historical time on the basis of a comparative analysis of this idea.

Editorial - N.º 11 / 2-2023

The thematic dossier of this year-end edition pays homage to two geniuses of Surrealism, Mário-Henrique Leiria (1923-1980) and Mário Cesariny (1923-2006), who reached the milestone of 100 years in 2023. Both multifaceted artists dedicated themselves passionately to artistic and literary expression in the pursuit of freedom. In the multi-themed section, diversity reigns: from the artistic expression of epidemics to heritage and an essay on the expropriation process of master craftsmen in contemporary Portugal. The interview constitutes a dialogue with the renowned professors, researchers, and activists Catherine Walsh and Walter Mignolo, both indispensable figures in the field of decolonial studies. In the Critical Readings section, two works and a cinematographic diptych are discussed. And, as usual, the magazine looks to the future with the presentation of a project, the Global History of Economy and Management in Portugal.

The Study of the Industrial Infrastructure of Irkutsk-II During World War II

During the years of the Great Patriotic War, Soviet industry was evacuated from the western regions of the country to the deep east - to Siberia, unprecedented in world history. The article deals with the chronology of wartime events in 1941–1945. The author used declassified materials from archival documents, but mainly the works of S.N. Aksenov «Irkutsk Aviation Plant. History of Education 1932–1956». The object of the study was the industrial infrastructure of Irkutsk-II (village of aircraft builders), which became the industrial epicenter of the region during the Second World War. The phenomena considered in the study reflect not only regional specifics, but also all-Russian trends. Therefore, some economic indicators of the aircraft industry of that time are given, despite the confidential nature of the industry. On the basis of the study, the author concluded that during the period of 1941–1945, the aircraft industry was the infrastructure-forming industry of the Irkutsk region.

Światotwórcze funkcje rekwizytu. Collectibles w dylogii „The Last of Us” jako źródło wiedzy o przeszłości

The article concerns the functioning of selected collectibles in the post-apocalyptic dilogy of digital games The Last of Us (Naughty Dog, 2013–2020). The authors make a typology of collectibles and distinguish among them props that support the gameplay, characterize the characters and extend the storyworld, referring to the prop theory proposed by Kendal Walton. They are particularly interested in the last type of props, which include notes, diaries and letters left in various places of the world presented by anonymous members of the American community. The authors indicate that these props can be treated as specific artifacts of the past, which, although not important from the gameplay perspective, perform important world-creating functions. In this context, they describe collectibles as an element of historical culture (J. Rüsen) and a source of social memory (M. Golka), and discuss their allotopic potential (U. Eco, K.M. Maj). They refer to those props that shape the history and mythology of the post-apocalyptic world, and especially to the notes describing Outbreak Day, the apogee of the pandemic disease that decimated humanity in the game. Written sources are of a personal nature – they present an individual perspective on a breakthrough moment in the history of the depicted world. For this reason, the authors refer to them as ego-props, thus extending the concept of ego-document.

St. John Paul II’s Natural Law Legacy and International Human Rights Culture of Human Dignity – A Road to Universal Brotherhood and Peace

The text underscores the pivotal role of human dignity in shaping the notions justice, peace, and human rights in the 21st century. The author advocates a return to the core principles of key documents on this subject to counter the influence of various ideologies and totalitarian regimes. Highlighting secular and faith-based sources including the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and Vatican II Council Declaration, the text emphasizes human dignity as the meeting point for religious and secular humanists. It underscores the belief in the innate value of individuals and their equality in dignity, derived from the Judeo-Christian tradition. The three dimensions of Me, Thee, and We are explored, emphasizing personal uniqueness, respect for others, and societal responsibility. The text concludes by advocating for a culture of human dignity in politics, serving as the basis, purpose, and criterion for public policies, promoting equal dignity and fraternity for a just and unified society. The text discusses the historical evolution of the concept of human dignity in global constitutional history, highlighting its presence in contemporary constitutions and international declarations. It advocates the promotion of a culture of human dignity, encompassing gold and silver ethical principles. The conclusion emphasises the need for a renewed commitment to a culture of human dignity in line with the legacy of John Paul II.