World Health Organization Website Research Articles

Exploring the effects of adiponectin and leptin in correlating obesity with cognitive decline: a systematic review.

Obesity and cognitive decline including dementia and Alzheimer's Disease (AD) affect millions worldwide. Several studies have shown that obese individuals suffer from cognitive decline. Here, we suggest that adiponectin and leptin, protein hormones secreted by white adipose tissue explain the relationship between obesity and cognitive decline. We systematically searched PubMed and World Health Organization (WHO) websites with the keywords obesity and dementia and compiled literature that explains how adiponectin and leptin impact obesity and cognitive decline. Full-text, free-access articles on PubMed published after 2009 have been included. Whereas articles published before 2009, books, and reports were excluded. We concentrated on mechanisms via which adiponectin and leptin affect energy expenditure, fatty acid catabolism, satiety, hunger, Body Mass Index (BMI), neurogenesis, and brain structures that lead to the development of cognitive dysfunction. Moreover, we hypothesized that adiponectin and leptin hormones explain how obesity and dementia are connected. After compiling the research studies, we summarized that adiponectin and leptin negatively correlate to BMI. Adiponectin arbitrates energy expenditure and fatty acid catabolism to prevent obesity. In the presence of adiponectin, hippocampal cells proliferate, whereas neurogenesis is reduced in its absence. However, leptin prevents obesity by promoting satiety, reducing hunger, and increasing insulin sensitivity. It also has neuroprotective effects thus reducing the risk of developing cognitive decline. So, physical exercise, diet alteration, weight reduction, adiponectin, and leptin supplementation should be carried out to protect against obesity-induced cognitive decline. Therefore, further research studies should be done in this area.

Performance of discrete wavelet transform-based method in the detection of influenza outbreaks in Iran: An ecological study.

Timely detection of outbreaks is one of the main purposes of the health surveillance system. The presence of appropriate methods in the detection of outbreaks can have an important role in the timely detection of outbreaks. Because of the importance of this issue, this study aimed to assess the performance of discrete wavelet transform (DWT) based methods in detecting influenza outbreaks in Iran from January 2010 to January 2020. All registered influenza-positive virus cases in Iran from January 2010 to January 2010 were obtained from the FluNet web base tool, the World Health Organization website. The combination method that includes DWT and Shewhart control chart was used in this study. All analyses were performed using MATLAB software version 2018a Stata software version 15. The Mean ± SD and median of reported influenza cases from January 2010 to January 2020 was 36 ± 108 and four cases per week. The combination of the DWT and Shewhart control chart with K = 0.25 had the most sensitivity. The most specificity in the detection of nonoutbreak days was seen in the combination of DWT and Shewhart control chart with K = 1.5, K = 1.75, and K = 2, respectively. The combination of DWT and Shewhart control chart with K = 0.5 had the best performance in the detection of outbreaks (sensitivity = 0.64, specificity: 0.90, Youden index: 0.54, and area under the curve [AUC]: 0.77). The DWT-based method in detecting influenza outbreaks has acceptable performance, but it is recommended that this method's performance be assessed in detecting outbreaks of other infectious diseases.

Pandemic “Covid-19 – Postcovid Syndrome”: A System Method of Leeching is a New and Effective Treatment

In March 2023 (March 11, 2023), it is 3 years since the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a pandemic of a new virus called “COVID-19”. As of March 21, 2023, the WHO website has reported 761,071,826 confirmed cases of “COVID-19”, including 6,879,677 deaths (0.9%). A total of 13,260,401,200 doses of various vaccines have been administered. WHO continues to collect statistics on the incidence of the disease in the world until the pandemic is stopped, despite the vaccination measures taken. What are the lessons of the pandemic that health authorities around the world have learned in three years? The mechanism of the “COVID-19” disease has become clearer. The concept of “POSTCOVID SYNDROME” or “LONG COVID” is developing. Work continues to improve vaccines, the use of which has revealed the negative aspects of vaccination.

Causes and consequences of critical healthcare skills shortage in the Southern Africa Development Community

ABSTRACT Background The Southern Africa Development Community (SADC) has a shortage of critical healthcare skills. Aims To identify the causes and consequences of shortages and make policy recommendations. Methods A literature search was conducted using eight electronic databases and the World Health Organization and SADC Websites. Results From the studies reviewed the causes included mismatch between demand and supply, and loss of personnel to developed countries. Underlying factors included poorly functioning education systems and poor working conditions. Of the 16 SADC countries only five met the minimum requirements for nurses and midwives, and four for physicians. These factors exacerbate the population’s poor health, and clinical outcomes. Conclusion Internal reforms to the health and education sectors are necessary to progress towards geographic and demographic equity in health provision. The SADC should set regional targets and monitor the size and composition of the workforce to enable evaluation of progress towards targets.

Association of the corona virus (Covid-19) epidemic with environmental risk factors.

The current outbreak of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (coronavirus disease 2019; previously 2019-nCoV), epicenter in Hubei Province (Wuhan), People's Republic of China, has spread too many other countries. The transmission of the corona virus occurs when people are in the incubation stage and do not have any symptoms. Therefore, the role of environmental factors such as temperature and wind speed becomes very important. The study of Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) indicates that there is a significant relationship between temperature and virus transmission and three important factors, namely temperature, humidity and wind speed, cause SARS transmission. Daily data on the incidence and mortality of Covid-19 disease were collected from World Health Organization (WHO) website and World Meter website (WMW) for several major cities in Iran and the world. Data were collected from February 2020 to September 2021. Meteorological data including temperature, air pressure, wind speed, dew point and air quality index (AQI) index are extracted from the website of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor. Statistical analysis carried out for significance relationships. The correlation coefficient between the number of infected people in one day and the environmental variables in the countries was different from each other. The relationship between AQI and number of infected was significant in all cities. In Canberra, Madrid and Paris, a significant inverse relationship was observed between the number of infected people in one day and wind speed. There is a significant positive relationship between the number of infected people in a day and the dew point in the cities of Canberra, Wellington and Washington. The relationship between the number of infected people in one day and Pressure was significantly reversed in Madrid and Washington, but positive in Canberra, Brasilia, Paris and Wuhan. There was significant relationship between Dew point and prevalence. Wind speed showed a significant relationship in USA, Madrid and Paris. AQI was strongly associated with the prevalence of covid19. The purpose of this study is to investigate some environmental factors in the transmission of the corona virus.

Proyeksi Tingkat Kematian di Indonesia Menggunakan Metode Holt-Winters Smoothing Exponential dan Moving Average

Inaccurate predictions would cause the insurance companies to incur huge losses and may lead to expensive premiums for which low-income consumers are unable to insure themselves. The ability to predict mortality rates accurately allows the insurance companies to take preventive steps to introduce new policies with reasonable prices. It is hoped that by carrying out mortality projections, losses caused by longevity risk in the life insurance industry would be minimized. This study used secondary data obtained from the World Health Organization (WHO) website in the Mortality and Global Health Estimates category with the sub-topic Life Table by Country Indonesia. In this paper, several models are used to predict the mortality rate in a case study population in Indonesia, namely the Moving Average and Exponential Smoothing forecasting methods. The results obtained are the best method for predicting mortality rates is by using the Exponential Smoothing method with the MAPE value of Exponential Smoothing is smaller than the MAPE value on the Moving Average. The results of this mortality projection will later be used to obtain the distribution of life expectations and the premium price of life annuities.

Effectiveness, Immunogenicity and Safety of COVID-19 Vaccination in Pregnant Women: A Rapid Review Study.

Pregnant women infected with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are at risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes, and the only real preventive strategy against COVID-19 is mass vaccination. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness, immunogenicity, and safety of Covid-19 vaccination in pregnant women. A combination of search terms was performed by 2 researchers independently in the Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus databases, the World Health Organization website, and the US Centers for Disease Control (CDC) website up to February 2022. After the selection of eligible studies, the review process, description, and summarization of the selected studies were performed by the research team. Finally, 22 articles were included in this study. Evidence supports the safety of COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy. There is no risk of transmitting COVID-19 to infants during lactation. In addition, antibodies made by vaccination can protect infants through breast milk. The scientific community believes that being vaccinated as soon as possible is the best course of action because there is no evidence to suggest that the COVID-19 vaccine poses a risk to expectant or nursing women.

Overview of case definitions and contact tracing indications in the 2022 monkeypox outbreak.

In 2022, a new outbreak of the Mpox virus occurred outside of Africa, its usual endemic area. The virus was detected in European, American, Asian, and Oceanian countries where Mpox is uncommon or had not been reported previously and where the spread was rapid. The study aims to compare the case definition and the indications for contact tracing in case of Mpox infection among the World Health Organization (WHO), the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), and four European Countries. From August 2022 to November 2022, we conducted research, first on the WHO and ECDC official websites and then on the official websites of the Ministry of Health or National Health Agencies of four European Countries (Italy, France, Spain, and Portugal). All reports found were compared to enlighten the differences in the definition of the case and indications for contact tracing. The WHO divides the case definition into four categories: suspected, probable, confirmed, and discarded, while the ECDC divides cases into confirmed and probable. The ECDC defines contact as close and others, while the WHO divides it into high, medium, and minimal risk. The four countries analyzed show heterogeneity in both the case definitions and the indications for contact tracing. Our analysis revealed heterogeneity in the case definition between the WHO and ECDC. Different countries followed different indications or have given their indications for both the case definition and contact tracing indications. Harmonization strengthens public health preparedness and response and creates unified communication.

Lithium: Managing Cognitive Impairment and Sexual Problems

IntroductionPatients taking lithium complain of cognitive impairment. This was assumed to be real by expert clinicians for years until relatively recent objective neuropsychological studies have failed to verify much impairment.Second and perhaps underemphasized side effect from lithium is sexual dysfunction.ObjectivesThe objective of this review is to highlight for the cognitive and sexual problems, which are two very important areas for discussion with patients. It should be brought up right when beginning to prescribe.MethodsData was obtained through an internet-based literature review, using the research platform PubMed and the World Health Organization website. Eight articles from the last five years were included.ResultsDue to the lack of evidence in neuropsychological studies, what was considered to be impaired cognitive function in the past has been recently considered a loss of sharp thinking in manic states or mild persisting depressions.About sexual dysfunction it is important eliminating other possible causes, lowering lithium dose, timing sex, and taking sildenafil and 240 mg/day of aspirin may help.ConclusionsCognitive impairment and sexual problems are two important subjects that involve the issues of dosing, of managing and dealing with people’s willingness to take lithium.Providing psychoeducation about these possible effects can head off abrupt discontinuation impulses.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Another Tragic Pandemic Strikes: It Is Suicide

IntroductionAnother pandemic besides COVID-19 stalks the land. This one takes a heavy toll on the young.Suicide occurs throughout the lifespan and is the second leading cause of death among 15-29 years old globally.ObjectivesThe objective of this review is to highlight for another tragic pandemic, with main emphasis on the preventable character.MethodsData was obtained through an internet-based literature review, using the research platform Pubmed and the World Health Organization website. Seven articles from the last two years were included.ResultsImproved surveillance and monitoring of suicide attempts and self-harm is a core element of suicide prevention and desirable worldwide.A public health surveillance system based on medical records would provide and disseminate data that would guide and prioritize the best interventions in each context and contribute to an effective overall suicide prevention strategy.ConclusionsClose to 800 000 people die due to suicide every year, which is one person every 40 seconds.According to current data, for each adult who died by suicide there may have been more than 20 others attempting suicide.Effective and evidence-based interventions can be implemented to prevent suicide and suicide attempts.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

COVID-19 self-medication treatment: Media's adverse effect based on people's level of education.

Self-medication has become a major concern among nonmedical professionals during the treatment of COVID-19. Such concerns have been attributed to the adverse effect of information shared via media outlets. Here, a survey was undertaken among nonhealthcare professionals to find out the adverse effect of media on self-medication for treating COVID-19. A questionnaire-based survey was conducted electronically among nonmedical professionals (270 respondents). The questionnaire comprised three main components: demographic, education, and factor for self-medication. Statistical analysis of the data was made using analysis of variance to determine the degree of agreement between the response of participants with education below and above graduation. Most of the respondents agreed that they get information about the COVID-19 medicines from different media. However, most of them do not visit the reliable source like World Health Organization (WHO) website to get information about COVID-19. The respondents were aware of the usage of medications such as Remdesvir, azithromycin, vitamins, herbal preparations, paracetamol, and cetirizine for COVID-19. The usage of herbal preparation may be due to their promotion in the media as over the counter drugs (OTC) products. It has been proposed to create more awareness and warning signs for the patients in and around pharmacy and hospital. Media campaign to create awareness for the prevention of COVID-19 spread should also be added with a caution line not to use any medication for treatment without prior consultation with physician. The matter of concern is that only a small fraction of the respondents follow WHO website to get information regarding COVID-19, which mandates to create awareness among the public regarding the role of WHO in healthcare. A significant agreement was noted between below graduates and post-graduates regarding questions such as visiting WHO website and the safety of taking medicine without consulting physician. Media is a contributing factor to self-medication, and measures of caution are highly imperative.

Forty-seven year trend of measles in Iran: An interrupted time series analysis.

Measles is an acute viral infectious disease usually characterized by erythematous maculopapular rash and sometimes pneumonia, diarrhea, and Central Nervous System disturbance. The current study aimed to describe the trend of measles in Iran before and after the 1978 revolution and COVID-19 pandemic. In the current quasi-experimental study, we used annual data on confirmed cases of measles in Iran, from 1974 to 2021. Data were extracted from the World Health Organizationwebsite. An interrupted time series model was used to assess the effect of different events on the incidence of measles. The trend of new cases increase every year until 1980 according to the preintervention slope of 2040 (95%confidence interval[CI] = -1965-2045; p < 0.31). After Iran's revolution, the occurrence of new cases significantly decreased (-845 [95% CI = -1262 to -432; p = 0.001]). After the COVID-19 pandemic, the trend of new cases significantly increased (41 [95% CI = 12-70; p = 0.006]). It seems that social or health-related events are among the effective factors on the incidence of measles. But with maintaining vaccination coverage in the community and vaccination of immigrants, this fluctuation in the disease trend can be decreased.

AIUM Official Statement: Guidelines for Cleaning and Preparing External- and Internal-Use Ultrasound Transducers and Equipment Between Patients as Well as Safe Handling and Use of Ultrasound Coupling Gel.

AIUM Official Statement: Guidelines for Cleaning and Preparing External- and Internal-Use Ultrasound Transducers and Equipment Between Patients as Well as Safe Handling and Use of Ultrasound Coupling Gel.

Digital information channels during the COVID-19 global health emergency through a situational awareness lens: a study of Pakistani citizens

Purpose The main aim of this study was to know the role of digital information and communication channels in developing citizens’ understanding regarding COVID-19 with reference to situation awareness. Furthermore, the impact of gender, age, qualification and area of respondents on citizens' perception and comprehension of COVID-19 was also investigated. Design/methodology/approach This quantitative study used an online survey and received 377 usable responses. The instrument was developed with the help of literature, and it was based on two constructs (perception of the element and comprehension of the current situation) of the situational awareness (SA) model. Data were collected from Pakistani citizens through a convenient sampling technique. Findings It was observed that the majority of citizens used electronic media, Facebook and WhatsApp for accessing COVID-19-related information. World Health Organization website played an important role in developing citizens’ understanding. Alert messages through mobile phone and apps played role in developing citizen’s understanding regarding COVID-19 situation. They perceived that media was effective in providing social distancing techniques. Moreover, they believed that government campaigns were helpful. Findings revealed that there was no significant impact of gender, age, qualification and area on citizens' perceptions and comprehension of COVID-19 through media. Originality/value This study is helpful for authorities in decision-making regarding COVID-19 and also filled the literature gap as, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, no comprehensive study has been conducted regarding the SA of COVID-19.

Recent updates on langya virus

In this review, we discussed about the recent outbreak of langya virus (layV). After the major viral outbreak of Covid-19, a newly identified layV was first identified in northeastern provinces of Shandong and Henan in 2018, it, also known as langya henipavirus, belongs to the Paramyxoviridae virus family of single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) viruses that cause different types of viral infections. From 2018 to 2022, a total of 35 reported incidents were either farmers or workers in factories and it was potentially the pathogens in 26 patients. Transmission of the virus is likely to occur from animals to humans. The presence of the virus and its RNA was identified mostly in shrews, indicating that shrews are the virus’s natural reservoir. The information was gathered from Google Scholar, PubMed, ResearchGate, World Health Organization (WHO) website, and other web pages from October 2022 to January 2023. The main aim of this study is to provide current information and awareness about layV to society, health-care professionals, researchers, and academicians on this disease, etc. If people are aware of this disease, then they can handle and prevent themselves. For the prevention for this disease, we include all the relevant information about layV symptoms, prevention, etiology, transmission, epidemiology, and treatment according to the WHO. This paper is helpful for future point of view because if on one takes it seriously then may be in the future, it will become a severe outbreak like Covid-19. In a world where outbreaks like COVID-19 and monkeypox occur, we must keep an eye out for developing infectious diseases like layV.

Medical Oxygen as a Life-Saving Medicine: A rapid review of the oxygen landscape and innovative efforts in the World Health Organization Eastern Mediterranean Region in Response to COVID-19 and Beyond.

Medical oxygen is an essential treatment for life-threatening hypoxemic conditions and is commonly indicated for the clinical management of many leading causes of mortality. Many countries of the World Health Organization (WHO) Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) lacked robust medical oxygen systems prior to the COVID-19 (corona virus disease) pandemic and this situation was exacerbated by increased needs, particularly in remote and rural health facilities, resulting in many unfortunate deaths. The aim of this article is to describe the oxygen landscape in the region and the regional initiatives undertaken by countries and WHO. We conducted a rapid review to synthesize the available literature on the needs and availability of oxygen and its related resources and the regional initiatives undertaken. We conducted search in PubMed, relevant WHO and World Bank websites, and in general using google to understand the health of conditions that could benefit from the availability of medical oxygen, oxygen related resources including health workforce available for support and usage of medical oxygen, and the initiatives by WHO, countries and partners to improve the situation. We used a snowballing technique and reviewed all available databases for reports, surveys, assessments, and studies related to medical oxygen, besides WHO internal records, assessments, and consultation reports. The data on oxygen availability, supply demand gap, infrastructure facilities, and human resources were sparse. The regional initiatives have led to increase in resources, including human resources and oxygen production infrastructure. The Live Oxygen Platform (LOP), contributed to improved availability of quality data needed for supply demand assessments. A regional enterprise strategy to promote sustainable, decentralized, and contextualized production, supply, and monitoring of oxygen together with human resource support including training and placement by WHO, partners, and governments contributed to improved availability of oxygen in the region. Additionally, with the LOP, governments, WHO, and partners have access to better data availability for policy decision making and timely resource allocation.

THE EFFECT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON THE TOURISM TRAVEL AND RISK MANAGEMENT IN THAILAND

The study aims to measure the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on tourism travel and risk management in Thailand. This review utilised journals, historical records, newspaper articles, World Health Organization statistics, governmental data, and website materials on COVID-19 incidences in tourism and developed a new risk management method to deal with the crisis and post-crisis recovery. The objectives were to: 1) understand how tourism travel regain after the Covid crisis, 2) find out the opinions of tourism travel about the tourism opportunities after the COVID-19 crisis.; 3) explore the ideas on how tourism travel will adjust or adapt to fit with a shift in travel priorities after the COVID-19 pandemic. The purposive sampling method was used data through in-depth interviews with hotel and restaurant operations. During Aug-Sept 2020 in the provinces that are the most controlled areas are Bangkok and Chiang Mai, the qualitative data were analysed using Grounded Theory by symbolic interaction. According to the main finding, hygiene and safety are the most important priorities for tourists when they can travel again so the use of hygiene and safety protocols along with the collaboration with the public sector, and the support from the government. Also, crisis management strategies and risk management departments are vital for tourism travel to deal with challenges after the crisis.

Policy and Guideline Review of Vaccine Safety for COVID-19 in Pregnant Women in Southern Africa, with a Particular Focus on South Africa.

Pregnant and lactating mothers have historically been excluded from clinical trials. To understand the shift from excluding to including this population in COVID-19 vaccine trials, we conducted a review of guidance issued by countries in southern Africa over the last three years. We conducted a review of documents and official statements recorded on Ministries of Health websites, and social media platforms, the World Health Organisation website, the COVID-19 Maternal Immunisation tracker and the African Union official webpage. Search terms included COVID-19 vaccination policies, guidelines for pregnant and lactating women, COVID-19 vaccination trials and pregnant women. We retrieved and reviewed policies, guidelines, and official statements from 12 countries. We found inconsistencies and incomplete guidance in respect to the inclusion of pregnant and lactating mothers in COVID-19 vaccine trials from the selected countries. Of the twelve countries reviewed, Namibia and South Africa had clear guidance on vaccination plans and implementation for pregnant women, and their inclusion in COVID-19 vaccine trials. Explicit and clear guidelines are critical in communicating changes in policy towards those deemed vulnerable for them to participate in vaccine trials. This review provides lessons for future pandemics on managing changes in guidance towards those groups historically excluded from vaccine and clinical trials.

Knowledge and attitude regarding coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among hospital pharmacists in Qatar.

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) gained global attention because of its high transmissibility and the devastating impact on both clinical and economic outcomes. Pharmacists are among the front-line healthcare workers who contributed widely to COVID-19 pandemic control. We aim to evaluate knowledge and attitude of hospital pharmacists in Qatar about COVID-19. A descriptive cross-sectional web-based survey was distributed over a 2-months period. The study included pharmacists who are working in 10 different hospitals under Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC). The survey was developed based on information available at World Health Organization (WHO) website, Qatar Ministry of Health, and COVID-19 guideline created by HMC. The study was approved by HMC's institutional review board (MRC-01-20-1009). Data analysis was done using SPSS version 22. A total of 187 pharmacists were included (response rate 33%). The overall level of knowledge was not affected by the participants' demographics (p-value ≥0.05). Pharmacists provided more correct answers to questions related to general knowledge about COVID-19 compared to questions specificto treatment aspects of the disease. More than 50% of pharmacists were using national resources as main source of information related to COVID-19. Good health practices and attitudes regarding disease control was reported by pharmacists, including preventive measures implementation and self-isolation when needed. Around 80% of pharmacists are in favor of taking influenza vaccine and COVID-19 vaccine. Overall, hospital pharmacists' knowledge about COVID-19 is good in relation to the disease nature and transmission. Knowledge about treatment aspects including medications needs further enhancement. Providing continuing professional development activities regarding latest information about COVID-19 and its management, and serial newsletters updates, and encouraging journal club activities for recently published research can help improve hospital pharmacist knowledge.

Construction and validation of a COVID-19 pandemic trend forecast model based on Google Trends data for smell and taste loss.

To explore the role of smell and taste changes in preventing and controlling the COVID-19 pandemic, we aimed to build a forecast model for trends in COVID-19 prediction based on Google Trends data for smell and taste loss. Data on confirmed COVID-19 cases from 6 January 2020 to 26 December 2021 were collected from the World Health Organization (WHO) website. The keywords "loss of smell" and "loss of taste" were used to search the Google Trends platform. We constructed a transfer function model for multivariate time-series analysis and to forecast confirmed cases. From 6 January 2020 to 28 November 2021, a total of 99 weeks of data were analyzed. When the delay period was set from 1 to 3 weeks, the input sequence (Google Trends of loss of smell and taste data) and response sequence (number of new confirmed COVID-19 cases per week) were significantly correlated (P < 0.01). The transfer function model showed that worldwide and in India, the absolute error of the model in predicting the number of newly diagnosed COVID-19 cases in the following 3 weeks ranged from 0.08 to 3.10 (maximum value 100; the same below). In the United States, the absolute error of forecasts for the following 3 weeks ranged from 9.19 to 16.99, and the forecast effect was relatively accurate. For global data, the results showed that when the last point of the response sequence was at the midpoint of the uptrend or downtrend (25 July 2021; 21 November 2021; 23 May 2021; and 12 September 2021), the absolute error of the model forecast value for the following 4 weeks ranged from 0.15 to 5.77. When the last point of the response sequence was at the extreme point (2 May 2021; 29 August 2021; 20 June 2021; and 17 October 2021), the model could accurately forecast the trend in the number of confirmed cases after the extreme points. Our developed model could successfully predict the development trends of COVID-19. Google Trends for loss of smell and taste could be used to accurately forecast the development trend of COVID-19 cases 1-3 weeks in advance.