World Environment Research Articles

Respiratory Infection and Inflammation in Cystic Fibrosis: A Dynamic Interplay among the Host, Microbes, and Environment for the Ages.

The interplay between airway inflammation and infection is now recognized as a major factor in the pathobiology in cystic fibrosis (CF). A proinflammatory environment is seen throughout the CF airway resulting in classic marked and enduring neutrophilic infiltrations, irreversibly damaging the lung. Although this is seen to occur early, independent of infection, respiratory microbes arising at different timepoints in life and the world environment perpetuate this hyperinflammatory state. Several selective pressures have allowed for the CF gene to persist until today despite an early mortality. Comprehensive care systems, which have been a cornerstone of therapy for the past few decades, are now revolutionized by CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CTFR) modulators. The effects of these small-molecule agents cannot be overstated and can be seen as early as in utero. For an understanding of the future, this review looks into CF studies spanning the historical and present period.

Issue Information

Cover Legend‘Tree in two with very different environments Earth Day or World Environment Day Global Warming and Pollution’ by sarayut_sy / stock.adobe.com. See Beasley, p 287.image

Review of C-V2X Research on Intelligent Connected Vehicles

With the rapid development of society, all walks of life are more pursuing efficiency and safety, so is the development of automobiles. When driving a car, there are many subjective factors, there will be a lot of visual blind areas and road information, which is easy to cause safety accidents and traffic congestion. Nowadays, with the gradual promotion of autonomous driving, C-V2X (Cellular Vehicle-to everything) technology can well realize the interconnection between cars and cars and between cars and transportation facilities, which can not only warn drivers of dangers in advance, but also help promote the development of autonomous vehicles. This paper first describes the concept of c-v2x and the related equipment of the network. Combining the development technology of the network owner of the network, the DSRC vehicle USES communication technology to compare the communication technology of the c-v2x car, and the advantages of the communication technology of the c-v2x vehicle are present. By comparing the development of c-v2x in Europe, the United States, South Korea, Japan and China, it is a sign that China has been a late, but late, in the city of wuxi, the first urban demonstration site in the world's first real open transport environment. This paper also selects the corresponding communication ability of communication equipment in different situations, and concludes that the relevant conclusions will promote the development of the network.

Teaching has changed … but have the students?

Teaching has changed … but have the students?

Braille Identification System Using Artificial Neural Networks

The Braille system is a widely used method by the blind to read and write. Information technology revolution is changing the way Braille reading and writing, making it easier to use. All kinds of materials can be put into Braille representation, such as bank statements, bus ticket, maps, and music note.
 In this paper, an artificial neural networks are designed to identify the number's image from (0-9) in Braille representation system. Networks will be trained and tested to be used for identify the scanned English number in Braille representation system. Some of the numbers are noised with some type of noise to simulate somehow the real world environment.
 According to the experiment the result of the identification of number that written in Braille representation using Artificial Neural Networks the training accuracy was 97.1% and testing accuracy was 85%.

PAS-ANSO Strategic Planning for Epidemic and Pandemic Preparedness

Under the ANSO (Alliance of International Science Organizations) collaborative research grants (ANSO-CR-PP-2021-05), we arranged the first event “MAAP-PAS-ANSO hybrid workshop on ecosystem restoration: one-health and pandemics” (June 05, 2022; on the occasion of world environment day) at Pakistan Academy of Sciences, Islamabad. The workshop stresses communication and collaboration for sustainable health (human, animal, and environment) and gauged issues related to the health of the planet. Under the same project, the second event “ANSO-PAS-MAAP conference on the epidemic and pandemic preparedness” (December 05-07, 2022) was organized at the Pakistan Academy of Sciences, Islamabad. The three days event emphasizes more scientific efforts and brainstorming to discuss strategies for controlling the current COVID-19 pandemic as well as future epidemics, pandemics, and emerging pathogens. The conference abstract book highlights the resource persons and their thoughts (in the form of abstracts and their biographies). Selected articles are published as a special issue in the Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: Part B. Life and Environmental Sciences. Moreover, the conference proceedings and recommendations have also been published in the special issue.

WORLD STOCK MARKET: CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT OF STOCK EXCHANGE

The stock exchange is the main element of the stock market, and it is also an indicator of the efficiency of capital movement and the rapid development of the economy. It is a virtual marketplace where buyers and sellers can trade existing securities. Stocks are also called stocks or equity, most companies have shares with a turnover of more than a billion dollars. Stock exchanges play a great role in the structure of the leading stock prices, exchange courses and indexes in the country's economy. The stock market acts as a powerful and effective platform for the realization of opportunities for the mobilization of financial resources and the birth of a number of new competitive investment instruments. The main role of the stock exchange is to serve the movement of money capital, which mediates the distribution and redistribution of national income both in the national economy as a whole and between social groups, sectors and spheres of the economy. А stock trading can be considered any market where bonds are bought and sold, the prices of which are determined by offer and purchase. The activity of the stock exchange largely determines the efficiency of the stock market and the degree of influence on economic processes in the country. It is the stock exchange that ensures the concentration of demand and supply of securities, their balance at the expense of stock exchange pricing, which truly reflects the level of efficiency of the functioning of equity capital. For each financial system, the determining factor is the degree of involvement of the banking sector and the stock market in the process of financing the investment activity of enterprises. The development of the stock market increases the degree of participation of companies in the process of raising additional funds for their investment programs by placing their securities on the market, and a developed stock market also plays a key role in financing the economy compared to the banking sector. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to evaluate the process of globalization of the stock market in the world environment and analyze current state. Indicators of the stock market in the world were also considered and the main conditions of restraint to the prospects of its effective functioning were highlighted. The state and development prospects of well-known stock exchanges and further possible directions for improvement of the world stock market are analyzed.

World Environment & Authentic Leadership

World Environment & Authentic Leadership

Напрями зближення державної аграрної політики України із Спільною аграрною політикою Європейського Союзу

The article examines that Ukraine aspires to become a full-fledged and active participant in global economic processes. This is confirmed by the implementation of the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the European Union and the future membership in the EU, where cooperation in the agricultural sector of the economy and the development of rural areas is given an important place. It was determined that for Ukraine European integration is a factor of ensuring success in economic, social, environmental and other spheres of cooperation and in the world environment. It has been proven that for successful European integration, our state needs to ensure the implementation of a number of institutional measures, in particular in matters of policies and legislation convergence. The convergence directions of the state agrarian policy of Ukraine with the Common Agrarian Policy of the European Union are outlined. Measures for the effective development of the Ukrainian agricultural sector integration to the conditions of the European Union are substantiated. There has been proven the expediency of preparing and consolidating the updated state agrarian policy of Ukraine with the aim of converging with the relevant law and regulatory mechanisms of the European Union, as well as improving the state management system of the agrarian sector of the economy and the interconnected development of rural areas. The directions for improving the state agrarian policy, taking into account European integration processes, are outlined.

Challenges, Barriers, and the Underrepresentation of Black Women in Sustainable Global World Environment

Women make up at least 50.8% of the United States population, and 46.8% are in the professional workforce per Census Quick Facts from 2016. United States Department of Labor, n.d.). Despite making up half of the United States population, women only represent 26% of managing roles in the workforce. In the 2019 study, “Women in the Workplace 2019”, McKinsey & Company found women to still lag in corporate America in areas of salary gaps, promotions due to the broken rung, glass ceilings, lack of training and development, among other gender and racial barriers. Workplace Fairness”, a broken rung is a missing step in the “corporate ladder”, which prevents women in entry-level roles from being promoted into management. The broken rung is the more significant barrier for Black women navigating the workplace. To successfully navigate the workplace and ascend into management roles, Black women saw the need to use perseverance strategies due to underrepresentation and the influence of race and traditional privileged gendered roles. The study’s outcome addresses the challenges, barriers, and perseverance strategies Black women used to ascend into management roles. Mentorship and sponsorship are critical for helping Black women to advance within the workplace. The research study may be significant to Black women managers and future leaders. Without the critical influence of a mentor or sponsor, the Black woman will remain underrepresented in management positions. Further exploration of specific perseverance strategies and how they may have been demonstrated in their collegiate programs to prepare Black women for their professional careers.

Глобальний вимір інвестиційної діяльності у сфері природокористування: між відновлюваною енергетикою та викопним паливом

It is determined that the conclusion in recent decades of a set of international environmental agreements related to the fight against global warming and the solution of other environmental problems on a planetary scale, forms the institutional basis for reviewing the priorities of investment activities in the field of environmental management on a global scale. The article discloses the modern global dimension of investment activity in the field of environmental management, taking into account the requirements of the world environment preserving architectonics and the challenges of transferring national economies to the model of low-carbon development. It is determined that the key feature of the modern format of global investment in the sphere of environmental management is a shift in emphasis from additional development of mineral reserves towards financial and investment support for the implementation of projects for the development of the renewable energy industry in accordance with key provisions of international environmental conventions, in particular the provisions of the New Climate Agreement. It is identified that the increase in the amount of financing for renewable energy projects in 2010–2022 was accompanied by an increase in the production of hydrocarbons, which is due to the further orientation of most developing countries to an extensive type of development, which provides for the additional involvement of fossil fuels in the economic and energy turnover. It is substantiated that the increase in investment inflows in renewable energy on a global scale is associated with the transition of national economies of a significant number of countries to the model of low-carbon development, which involves the use of a wide range of methods and tools to stimulate the processes of resource and energy saving, as well as the rejection of mineral fuels, in particular fossil solid fuels. It is determined that the positive trend in the dynamics of global financing of renewable energy is due to the growth of investments in projects to attract renewable sources for the production of various types of energy in developing countries, which are actually becoming key players in the transition to a model of low-carbon development with the support of international organizations and global climate funds.

Имитационное моделирование систем массового обслуживания на основе составных распределений – вероятностных смесей

This article presents the results obtained on the development of software pseudo-random sequence generators for QS simulation in the GPSS WORLD discrete-event simulation system with hyper-Erlang (HE2) and hyper-exponential (H2) input distributions. Data in this subject area, neither in foreign nor in domestic scientific literature, were found by the authors. There are no such generators in the GPSS WORLD library either. It is known that the distributions of HE2 and H2 are the most general and provide a large range of the coefficient of variation. The latter play an important role in estimating the delay of requests in the queue in queuing systems, since the average queue delay is directly proportional to their squares. For the distributions of HE2 and H2, the authors previously obtained numerical-analytical results based on the method of spectral solution of the Lindley integral equation. The article presents the obtained algorithms and programs on GPSS WORLD to simulate the functioning of the QS with the specified input distributions. The adequacy of the obtained results was confirmed by comparing the simulation results with the results of numerical simulation in the Mathcad environment. The authors hope that the presented results will be in demand by specialists in the field of simulation modeling in the GPSS WORLD environment.

Identifying Cancer Disease Using Softmax-Feed Forward Recurrent Neural Classification

In today’s growing modern world environment, as human food activities are changing, it is affecting human health, thus leading to diseases like cancer. Cancer is a complex disease with many subtypes that affect human health without premature treatment and cause death. So the analysis of early diagnosis and prognosis of cancer studies can improve clinical management by analyzing various features of observation, which has become necessary to classify the type in cancer research. The research needs importance to organize the risk of the cancer patients based on data analysis to predict the result of premature treatment. This paper introduces a Maximal Region-Based Candidate Feature Selection (MRCFS) for early risk diagnosing using Soft-Max Feed Forward Neural Classification (SMF2NC) to solve the above problem. The predictive model is based on a different relational feature learning model, which is possessed to candidate selection to reduce the dimensionality. The redundant features are processed marginal weight rates for observing similar features’ variants and the absolute value. Softmax neural hidden layers are trained using the Sigmoid Activation Function (SAF) to create the logical condition for feed-forward layers. Further, the maximal features are introduced to invite a deep neural network constructed on the Feed Forward Recurrent Neural Network (FFRNN). The classifier produces higher classification accuracy than the previous methods and observes the cancer detection, which is recommended for early diagnosis.

THE IMPORTANCE OF COMMUNICATION, EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND TEAMWORK IN CORPORATION

The article examines the importance of communication, emotional intelligence and teamwork in the corporate world. Justifies the study, the occurrence of several problems in the corporate world, which derive, in short, from misconceptions in communication, both on the part of those who enunciate and those who interpret the statements and orders received. The objective of the work is to examine the importance of dialogue and consensus on what is true and appropriate for corporations, according to the social, economic and political context. As a predicted result, it is expected to delimit part of the scope of a relative and changing truth, especially in the business world. In this context, finally, we will also examine the importance of Emotional Intelligence and Teamwork, seen as fundamental factors for efficiency in the corporate world environment, in the work of Weisinger (1997).

Environmental Degradation and Violations of Human Rights

Abstract: Human rights not only in India but also around the world environment is intrinsically linked: safe, clean, healthy. A sustainable environment is essential to the enjoyment of our human rights; even though a polluted, dangerous and otherwise unhealthy environment potentially violates our human rights. Environmental rights are not abstract, distant and irrelevant concepts; are measurable, distinctive and functional aspects of society and its ecology. When environmental rights are violated, people and the planet suffer from reduced health and well-being. According to the Article 21 of the Indian Constitution that everyone on the country has the right to a healthy environment. This major decision is the result of decades of mobilization of various stakeholders. States must now meet their commitments and step up their efforts. This article aims to list relevant information, research, data and press releases and other institutions

Location Recognition of Indoor Firefighting Facilities based on RGB-D Camera and 3D LiDAR

Recently, as fires frequently occur in large buildings, digital twin (DT) technology that enables remote and real-time monitoring and control similar to the real world environment is being studied as a disaster response technology in buildings. In order to use DT technology, it is essential to collect the spatial data of actual building indoor environments and firefighting facilities. This study proposes an indoor spatial data collecting system that can generate the modeling data inside the building and location data of firefighting facilities using laser imaging detection and ranging (LiDAR) and RGB-D cameras. First, point clouds from three-dimensional (3D) LiDAR and the FAST-LIO2 (Fast LiDAR-Inertial Odometry) algorithm are used to obtain odometry information in an indoor environment. The firefighting facilities located inside the building are detected using RGB images and the deep learning model Faster region-based convolutional neural network (R-CNN) with Inception V2 architecture trained using RGB images of four types of firefighting facilities: fire extinguishers, fire hydrants, exit signs, and fire detectors. When a firefighting facility is detected, the relative distance between the RGB-D camera and the firefighting facility is calculated through the depth image and intrinsic parameters of the RGB-D camera. Afterwards, odometry information obtained from FAST-LIO2 and the relative distance are combined to obtain the 3D location of the firefighting facility. Point clouds of the FAST-LIO2 algorithm are then converted into models of the building indoor environment. Through this method, spatial data of an actual building can be constructed and used with DT technology.

Fake News Detection in the Medical Field Using Machine Learning Techniques

In today's world, fake news is the biggest and most challenging problem in the natural world environment. This type of fake news will create many problems in society, especially in the medical field. This research aims to detect automatic phoney news in the news. The following machine learning algorithm will help us to see phoney medical information based on dataset 1. KNN, 2. Naive Bayes, 3. Support Vector Machine, 4. BERT and 5. Decision tree, but the Decision tree will provide better accuracy. Findings: Performance measures such as accuracy, precision, recall, and f1-score showed 98.5% accuracy of our proposed Adaboost & Decision Tree algorithm. In this research work, we introduced and implemented the Proposed Ensembling (Adaboost & Decision tree) and achieved better accuracy. We collected and trained the dataset to identify misinformation in the medical area.

HARNESSING CULTURAL DIPLOMACY THROUGH TEACHING/LEARNING ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE

Today’s security environment is dramatically different from the one we’ve been engaged in for the last 30 years and it requires new ways of thinking and new ways of acting. By and large, it concerns a motley tapestry of immensely transformed world politics, economy and environment, communication, employment, psychological and emotional wellbeing, safety and security, societal structures, and social culture and values integrated into the global landscape. Importantly, education has always been a core pillar of strength, since EDUCATION involves every aspect of human life: culture, power, ideology and authorities’ impact. Respectively, education and culture are the powerful forces that drive youth as stakeholders in education to reveal their potential and change their future as well as the future of the globe. In this respect, my strong conviction is that English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classroom (EFL) can considerably contribute to a culturally versatile development of global citizenship education. Recently foreign language professors/teachers have become a pull and push factor in the sustainable development of both a global society and its citizens. Delving into the problem of harnessing cultural diplomacy through teaching/learning English as EFL, the study presented an in-depth scientific analysis based on conceptual framework of cultural diplomacy as soft power and synthesis which aimed at actual and multifaceted practices and, accordingly, provided the students with opportunities to consider their own experiences and yield their own fruits of soft skills. The present study was designed to determine the effect of cultural diplomacy as soft power that considerably contributes to effective EFL teaching/learning. One of the most significant findings to emerge from this study is that EFL teachers are to provide learners with a rich socio-cultural awareness and living skills, rather than only linguistic training on the target language.

Organisational Resilience during COVID-19 Times: A Bibliometric Literature Review

Since the start of the pandemic, organisations have recognised the importance of resilience strategies and they have been trying to enhance them for future crises. COVID-19 has profoundly affected the way that organisations operate and react to recent events. The lessons from this pandemic for future adverse events are yet to be understood. This study aims to identify the most prominent issues and gaps in the literature regarding organisational resilience in the context of COVID-19. To achieve this, this paper is conducting a bibliometric literature review of 185 articles discussing organisational resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic, from 2019 to the beginning of 2022. This paper identifies six main topic clusters: (1) entrepreneurial, tourism, and emergency responses; (2) world environment, disruptions, and organisations; (3) employees and mediation; (4) firms and opportunities; (5) capabilities and digitalisation; and (6) leadership during uncertain times. The main contribution of this study is an up-to-date identification of research concerning organisational resilience in times of crisis, particularly research conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic. As COVID-19 is a unique crisis, this pandemic, as well as the timely results of this paper, stand out. In light of this, I believe one can develop innovative, fundamental new directions for resilience literature in the future.

X-efficiency Analysis of Commercial Banks in Pakistan: A Preliminary Investigation

The emergence of a fast-paced dynamic environment in the business world in general, and in the financial services sector in particular, has highlighted the significance of competition and efficiency. The need for deregulation has become a touchstone of success in fostering both competition and efficiency especially in the economies, which are exposed to structural reforms. In addition to that, intense competition both among domestic and foreign banks, rapid speed of innovations and introduction of new financial instruments, changing consumer’s demands and desire for product augmentation have changed the way a bank conducts business and services its customers. Larger the degree of competition, it is perceived that the firms would become more efficient. However, when the structure of an industry is product of the government regulations, the degree of competition is impaired markedly implying that the efficiency suffers negatively.