World Cup Soccer Tournament Research Articles

Creating an Optimal Learning Environment in the Operating Room: Lessons From the Soccer Field

For trainees, the operating room (OR) often represents an educational sanctuary, where for a few hours they can focus on their craft, rather than on phone calls, pages, and the never-ending task of electronic health record documentation. The OR provides a unique opportunity for unfettered one-on-one time with an attending surgeon at their side, where they can learn the art of surgery without interruption. It is vitally important to maximize learning in the OR, yet evidence suggests that it is not always an ideal educational environment. Considering the recent excitement over the World Cup soccer tournament (full disclosure: the senior author is an Argentine immigrant and soccer fan), in this article, we provide evidence-based ideas and suggestions on how to optimize learning in the OR using some analogies from the soccer field.

Breathing Room: Working Principles of Independent Art Spaces in African Cities

Breathing Room: Working Principles of Independent Art Spaces in African Cities

The 2022 World Cup soccer tournament will activate the faultline? A study on the self-service attributional bias of Japanese national team’s matches

The 2022 World Cup soccer tournament will activate the faultline? A study on the self-service attributional bias of Japanese national team’s matches

Sentiment Analysis on Twitter Data of World Cup Soccer Tournament Using Machine Learning

In the derived approach, an analysis is performed on Twitter data for World Cup soccer 2014 held in Brazil to detect the sentiment of the people throughout the world using machine learning techniques. By filtering and analyzing the data using natural language processing techniques, sentiment polarity was calculated based on the emotion words detected in the user tweets. The dataset is normalized to be used by machine learning algorithms and prepared using natural language processing techniques like word tokenization, stemming and lemmatization, part-of-speech (POS) tagger, name entity recognition (NER), and parser to extract emotions for the textual data from each tweet. This approach is implemented using Python programming language and Natural Language Toolkit (NLTK). A derived algorithm extracts emotional words using WordNet with its POS (part-of-speech) for the word in a sentence that has a meaning in the current context, and is assigned sentiment polarity using the SentiWordNet dictionary or using a lexicon-based method. The resultant polarity assigned is further analyzed using naïve Bayes, support vector machine (SVM), K-nearest neighbor (KNN), and random forest machine learning algorithms and visualized on the Weka platform. Naïve Bayes gives the best accuracy of 88.17% whereas random forest gives the best area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) of 0.97.

Analyzing Of Goals Scoring Pattern In Whe 21th World Cup Soccer Tournament Held In Russia

Analyzing Of Goals Scoring Pattern In Whe 21th World Cup Soccer Tournament Held In Russia

The Announcement Impact of Hosting the FIFA World Cup on Host Country Stock Markets

Abstract This study is an investigation of the impact of hosting the FIFA World Cup soccer tournament on the stock market of the host country when the tournament is announced. The sample under examination for this study consists of the 5 FIFA World Cups, between the period 1994 and 2010. Additional factors to be assessed include investigating whether stock markets react efficiently or show a positive reaction to hosting the FIFA World Cup. An event study research methodology is used to investigate the impact of hosting the FIFA World Cup on the stock exchange of the host country, by examining the movement of stock market returns across various event windows during the announcement and tournament starting date stages. It is found that country stock markets react differently to the announcement of the tournament. For instance South Africa appears to show a positive trend in stock returns at the tournament announcement date, while Japan shows a decline in daily stock returns a day after the announcement of the tournament. It is found that for the tournament announcement, most countries show insignificant negative cumulative abnormal stock returns for different event windows. There are however few instances where country stock markets do show positive cumulative abnormal stock returns, with statistical significant results. The implication of this study is that FIFA World Cups have varied impacts on host country stock markets. This study contributes to the understanding of the impacts of mega sporting events on host country stock markets, with specific reference to the FIFA World Cup.

Tourism development activities in Chisuma communal area in Hwange Rural District, Zimbabwe

In Victoria Falls, development of tourism dates back to around 1900 after the arrival of the railway line from Cape Town, completion of the Victoria Falls hotel and the bridge. In recent years, tourism activities have been spreading to the peri-urban area of Chisuma Communal Area (CCA) along the Batoka Gorges, downstream of the Victoria Falls. Tourism development in the study area was accelerated by the 2010 World Cup soccer tournament hosted by South Africa and the United Nations World Tourism Organisation co-hosted by Zimbabwe and Zambia. This has resulted in construction of lodges along the gorges displacing the local communities from their original villages. This paper examines the expansion and development of tourism in the CCA. Tourism development activities were found to be negatively impacting on the local area through deforestation, land degradation, displacement and social cultural erosion. To some extent, it was also found to be bringing in new livelihood strategies such as employment and development of infrastructure that are crucial for the development of the local communities.

Making gender relevant in Spanish-language sports broadcast discourse

Using the US Spanish-language television broadcasts of the FIFA Women’s World Cup soccer (football) tournament, the present study offers an analysis of the crucial role that language plays in the gendering of sport. Despite the framing of the coverage as a celebration of women’s participation in sports, this was undermined by the sometimes covert, sometimes overt, objectification, trivialization and patronizing of the players and their sport during the broadcast. We examine the ground-level interactional practices through which this marginalization was achieved. First we consider references to persons, presenting overarching quantitative distributions as well as contextualized examples. We then highlight how gender is brought to the interactional surface and made relevant – to the speakers themselves and to the at-home audience – through the discursive dichotomization of women’s versus men’s soccer, with particular attention to the ways in which topicalization of gender-based differences can pave the way for the recreation of gender-based inequalities. Finally, we illustrate how gendering soccer reflects and transcends the game itself, invoking and reestablishing normative gender roles and expectations in and from society.

A Collusive Cultural Drama – Transition of Street Support to a Nationwide Festival: 2002 World Cup Soccer Tournament

A Collusive Cultural Drama – Transition of Street Support to a Nationwide Festival: 2002 World Cup Soccer Tournament

Introducing Arthroscopy to a Developing Nation: When and How to Make It Sustainable

The 2010 World Cup soccer tournament in South Africa was, by most accounts, the most-watched sporting event ever. The event highlighted the ability of sports, and soccer in particular, to serve as an important source of identity, collaboration, and international unity1-3. The World Cup showcased the improving infrastructure in South Africa, and the citizens were praised for being great hosts1,4. Several other African and Latin American teams, most notably those of Ghana and Uruguay, also received recognition for their impressive play. One factor contributing to the global popularity of the event was the improved telecommunications access brought about by general socioeconomic stability in much of the developing world. Over the course of the tournament, articles also noted the popularity of soccer in Africa and the impressive number of young soccer players determined to play despite meager conditions5-7. In the developed world, youth soccer is considered a high-risk sport for knee ligament and meniscal injuries5. A significant number of these patients undergo anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction or arthroscopic meniscal repair in the hope of returning to soccer or at least preventing early-onset arthritis. To date, most of the literature and interventions related to orthopaedics in the developing world have focused on the care of musculoskeletal trauma8-11, with some additional attention to the treatment of congenital deformities12-14. In contrast, there has been little mention of the role of arthroscopy or the treatment of sports-related injuries within the scope of musculoskeletal care in a developing nation. We report here our experience of donating arthroscopy equipment to orthopaedic surgeons in Asmara, Eritrea (in East Africa), in November 2009. We do not pretend to be experts in this area. Our goal in …

Press representation of the 2010 world cup soccer extravaganza in two Zimbabwean newspapers

The announcement by FIFA in 2004 that South Africa would host the 2010 World Cup soccer tournament generated phenomenal media coverage in Africa, not least in Zimbabwe. While the media's fascination with the event was self‐evident, their motive was not easy to figure out. This article analyzes representation of the 2010 World Cup soccer tournament in two weekly Zimbabwean newspapers, namely the state‐controlled Sunday Mail and the privately owned Standard, in order to understand the social significance of soccer and its interconnectedness with other aspects of social life. The study utilizes textual analysis to find out what aspects of the event were selected, and how and why they were presented in a particular manner. The article demonstrates the interplay between football, media, and society. It argues that football is more than a game as it is a site for serious hegemonic contestations.

Predicting World Cup results: Do goals seem more likely when they pay off?

Bar-Hillel and Budescu (1995) failed to find a desirability bias in probability estimation. The World Cup soccer tournament provided an opportunity to revisit the phenomenon in a context in which desirability biases are notoriously rampant. Participants estimated the probabilities of various teams' winning their upcoming games. They were promised money if one team-randomly designated by the experimenter-won its upcoming game. Participants assigned a higher probability to a victory by their target team than did other participants, whose promised monetary reward was contingent on the victory of its opponent. Prima facie, this seems to be a desirability bias. However, in a follow-up study that made one team salient, without promising monetary rewards, participants also judged their target team to be more likely to win. On grounds of parsimony, we conclude that what appears to be a desirability bias may just be a salience/marking effect, and-although optimism is a robust and ubiquitous human phenomenon-that wishful thinking still remains elusive.

FARSJUM, A FUZZY SYSTEM FOR RANKING SPARSE JUDGMENT MATRICES: A CASE STUDY IN SOCCER TOURNAMENTS

The establishment of the priorities from pairwise comparison matrices is the major constituent of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). However, the number of pairwise comparisons necessary in real problems often becomes overwhelming. In such cases, generally the experts are not able to answer all questions and consequently sparse judgment matrix is generated which caused "equal ranks" and "rank reversal" based on AHP method. In this paper, a new ranking system (FARSJUM) is developed for such sparse judgment matrix. The system is constructed on fuzzy rules and fuzzy reasoning methods. The numerical example of world cup soccer tournament is brought to clarify the performance of the developed system comparing with AHP method in ranking the sparse judgment matrices.

Analysis of the goals scored at the 17th World Cup Soccer Tournament in South Korea-Japan 2002

The world cup is the ultimate reflection of the development and level of modern soccer. One of the key ingredients of the success of a tournament is the goal-scoring rate. This study was aimed at establishing the rate and pattern of scoring at the 17th edition of the world cup soccer tournament held in South Korea and Japan in 2002. Thirty-two teams played a total of 64 matches scoring 161 goals. An observer, with previous match notation experience, recorded the data manually on data sheets while watching matches live on Television. Among other findings, it was established that an average of 2.52 goals per match were scored; there were more goals per match in the preliminary phase (2.71) compared to the knock out phase (1.88). Most goals (76.4%) originated from the foot, while 23.6% were scored via headers. The penalty area accounted for 85.5% of the goals scored, while 14.3% came from outside the penalty box. Most goals were scored on first touch basis (79.5%), while dribbling and two/three touches led to 5.6% and 14.9% of the goals, respectively. Free play yielded 71.4% of the goals; strikers scored 60.3% and the peak of scoring was between the 76th and the 90th minutes of the matches. It was noted that scoring rate was the 2nd lowest in the history of the soccer world cup. This was attributed to fatigue among elite players due to the overcrowded soccer calendar and the short period between the end of national leagues and the start of the soccer world cup in 2002. It was also evident that teams played well defensively thereby minimizing on goals conceded. Additionally, there was good performance from the traditionally weaker teams. Key Words: Penalty box, goal scoring rate, free play, set pieces. AJPHERD Vol.10(4) 2004: 326-332

サッカーワールドカップフランス大会における地域活性化の実態 : サッカーワールドカップ開催を契機とした地域活性化に関する研究 その1(都市計画)

サッカーワールドカップフランス大会における地域活性化の実態 : サッカーワールドカップ開催を契機とした地域活性化に関する研究 その1(都市計画)

Genetic algorithms (GAs) to evolve multiple-agent cooperative systems

In this paper, a microrobot soccer-playing game, such as that of MIROSOT (Microrobot World Cup Soccer Tournament), is adopted as a standard test bed for research on multiple-agent cooperative systems. It is considerably complex and requires expertise in several difficult research topics, such as mobile microrobot design, motor control, sensor technology, intelligent strategy planning, etc., to build up a complete system to play the game. In addition, because it is an antagonistic game, it appears ideal to test whether one method is better than other. To date there have been two different kinds of architecture for building such system. One is called vision-based or centralized architecture, and the other is known as robot-based or decentralized architecture. The main difference between them lies in whether there exists a host computer system which responds to data processing and strategy planning, and a global vision system which can view the whole playground and transfer the environment information to the host computer in real time. We believe that the decentralized approach is more advanced, but in the preliminary step of our study, we used the centralized approach because it can lighten any overload of the microrobot design. In this paper, a simplified layer model of the multiple-agent cooperative system is first proposed. Based on such a model, a system for a microrobot soccer-playing game is organized. At the same time a simple genetic algorithm (SGA) is used for the autonomous evolution of cooperative behavior among microrobots. Finally, a computer simulation system is introduced and some simulated results are explained.

2002年ワールドカップ・サッカー大会の韓日共催の経済効果

金大中韓国大統領が対日政策を大きく軌道修正したことは昨年の大事件の1つであった。昨年秋の金鐘泌首相訪日以後，にわかに話題になっているのが韓国と日本の自由貿易地域の形成である。すでに民間経済のレベルでは両国は相当の相互依存体制にあったのだが，政治面でのぎくしゃくした両国関係がそれを幾分かは阻害していたことを否めない。隣国同士の関係が改善するのは歓迎すべきであろうし，EC，NAFTS，AFTA等と地域経済統合が発足するなかで，東アジアでもそうした考えが出てくるのは，むしろ自然な流れといえる。こうした日韓の新しい時代を象徴するイベントが2002年のサッカー・ワールドカッフの共同開催である。本稿では，日韓国際産業連関表を用いて，相互依存の大きさを再確認することにしよう。

The importance of fast vision in winning the First Micro-Robot World Cup Soccer Tournament

Abstract This paper describes the Newton Labs entry in the 1996 MIROSOT Micro-Robot World Cup Soccer Tournament (http://www.mirosot.org), which won first place. Control of the three robot players is centralized; this requires relatively high bandwidth connections to the robots, as well as fast spatial information at the central controller. Spatial sensing is accomplished by use of the Cognachrome Vision Tracking System, which is capable of tracking the positions and orientations of several objects at the full NTSC frame rate of 60 Hz.

Designing distributed control architecture for cooperative multi-agent system and its real-time application to soccer robot

The soccer robot system consists of multi-agents, with highly coordinated operations and movements so as to fulfill specific objectives, even under adverse situations. The coordination of the multi-agent is associated with a lot of supplementary work in advance. The associated issues are the position correction, prevention of communication congestion, local information sensing in addition to the need for imitating the human-like decision making. A control structure for soccer robot is designed and several behaviors and actions for a soccer robot are proposed. The action selection mechanism (ASM) is proposed as a high-level controller and is applied to a one-on-one soccer game. The intervention module of ASM uses multilayer perceptrons and its effectiveness is shown by experimental results. Modified zone defense as a basic strategy and several special strategies for fouls as applied to SOTY and MIRO teams for MIROSOT are discussed. The authors have been placed in the second and fourth positions in MIROSOT'96 (Micro-Robot World Cup Soccer Tournament) held at KAIST in November 1996, with the proposed scheme and micro-robots.

Dynamic Object Capture Using Fast Vision Tracking

This article discusses the use of fast (60 frames per second) object tracking using the COGNACHROME VISION SYSTEM, produced by Newton Research Labs. The authors embedded the vision system in a small robot base to tie for first place in the Clean Up the Tennis Court event at the 1996 Annual AAAI Mobile Robot Competition and Exhibition, held as part of the Thirteenth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence. Of particular interest is that the authors' entry was the only robot capable of using a gripper to capture and pick up the motorized, randomly moving squiggle ball. Other examples of robotic systems using fast vision tracking are also presented, such as a robot arm capable of catching thrown objects and the soccer-playing robot team that won the 1996 Micro Robot World Cup Soccer Tournament in Taejon, Korea.