World Cup Games Research Articles

How Temptation Works

For most philosophers who have written recently on the topic, to give into temptation is always to revise a decision in a way that is somehow unreasonable—as when, say, recalling that there is a World Cup game that I can stream from my office, I abandon my plan to spend the morning writing. But I argue in this paper that a person can also give in to the temptation to violate a decision without undoing that decision or even calling it into question. This is possible, I argue, because the content of our decisions does not always settle exactly what is required to abide by them. This slack between the explicit content of our decisions, and the specific acts by which we carry or fail to carry them out, allows us to act contrary to those decisions even as they remain in place. As such, temptation of this kind cannot be resisted simply by refraining from reconsidering our decisions or changing our minds about what to do.

Prehospital emergency care for severe and acute head and neck trauma: Lessons learned from the Qatar 2022 World Cup games

Prehospital emergency care for severe and acute head and neck trauma: Lessons learned from the Qatar 2022 World Cup games

Sleeplessness, distraction and stock market performance: Evidence from the world cup

We study how sleeplessness and distraction impact global stock markets using a novel proxy, the FIFA World Cup games. Using this widely viewed sporting event, we exploit the time zone differences between countries to capture the sleeplessness from staying awake overnight and the distraction from watching matches during trading hours. We find the markets experience a − 26 basis-point daily return for a day of sleeplessness and a − 22 basis-point return due to distraction. These effects are robust to methodological changes.

DISCOURSE STRUCTURE OF THE SPORTS REPORT OF THE 2022 FIFA WORLD CUP IN KENYAN NEWSPAPERS

Sports discourse is one of the most common types of discourses today. The 2022 FIFA world Cup games in Qatar was a matter of contention. One area that reflected the power of discourse was that it created the space for journalists and NGOs to highlight issues that might otherwise have remained out of sight. This study focused on discourse structure of the sports report of the 2022 FIFA World Cup in Kenyan Newspapers. The study applied Fairclough’s (1992, 2001) and Van Djik (2001) Critical Discourse Analysis Theory. The study employed descriptive research design. The target population for this study was 2022 FIFA World Cup football reports in Kenyan newspapers. The study employed purposive sampling procedures. Data was collected from primary and secondary sources through an observation sheet. Data analysis was analyzed qualitatively by means of textual analysis. The findings of the study revealed that the discourse structure of sports news has three main structures the topic/headline, lead and the main event. The study recommends that since the sports news is highly ideological specific institutions of newspapers should provide a strong check and balance on the publication of news to ensure objective representation of news. It is hoped that the study adds knowledge to linguistics and media and communication.

Playing with ‘the Great Satan’: the football diplomacy behind the 1998 and 2000 Iran–USA matches

The present study examines relations between Iran and the United States as reflected in the historic athletic encounter between the two in the 1998 World Cup games. It describes how each party viewed the game and the opportunities it offered: did it indeed offer a chance at thawing the relations between Tehran and Washington, as the Americans thought? Or did the match serve as an arena of ‘mimic warfare’, as it was perceived by many Iranians, who saw in it an opportunity to avenge themselves on America and demonstrate their superiority? The second part of the article will discuss the effect which the football match of 1998, and even more so that of 2000, had on the Iranian American community in the United States. It will also examine American attempts to leverage these two encounters to create more athletic meets between the two countries. We begin with a background survey of relations between the two countries.

القوة الناعمة وكأس العالم 2022: الاستفادة من التجارب السابقة في استضافة الفعاليات الرياضية الضخمة

The experiences of past hosts to mega sporting events like the Olympics, or FIFA World Cup games show that there are numerous ways in which countries can be both empowered or disempowered through their pursuit of soft power. Through a selective literature review, this paper uses the relevant soft power experiences of six countries who have hosted either the World Cup or Olympic Games from 2008. The cases include China (Beijing 2008 Olympics), South Africa (2010 World Cup), United Kingdom (London 2012 Olympics), Brazil (2014 World Cup and Rio de Janeiro 2016 Olympics), Russia (Sochi 2014 Winter Olympics, and 2018 World Cup), and Japan (Tokyo 2020 Olympics). The paper then considers Qatar’s 2022 World Cup with an angle on applying and adapting the experiences of past hosts to understand the soft empowerment or disempowerment that Qatar will likely face as a result of hosting the games. The numerous international concerns over the situation with migrant workers in Qatar, and the Islamic and cultural norms that are alien to Western audiences, will continue to challenge Qatar’s image management and branding measures. Nevertheless, the commitment to holding the most eco-friendly event, continuous presence on international soccer fields through sponsorships, ownerships, and winning championships, in addition to actively seeking to enhance and alleviate the status of the country on the global stage will help Doha in its soft empowerment endeavors in the period before and during the event. Its pledge and dedication to keeping a long-lasting legacy after December 2022 will also help the State in the post-event phase of soft empowerment.

Football final game as a reason for non-epileptic convulsions: case report

Non-epileptic convulsions, often named psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES), pseudo-seizures are a relatively complex problem of unknown aetiology and prognosis. PNES are defined by modern psychiatry as a conversion disorder which is classified as one of the somatic symptoms and related disorders in DSM V and is considered a subtype of dissociative disorder in ICD 10. These disorders are diagnosed when disruptive changes in behaviour, thinking, or emotion resemble epileptic seizures, but no paroxysmal discharges are seen on electroencephalogram (EEG) and do not originate from another illness. Head trauma, sexual and physical abuse, and physical and psychological stress may also be included as factors dominating as reasons in prevalence of PNES. The golden standard for PNES diagnosis is video electroencephalogram (Video-EEG). Whereas PNES presented in women is 3:1 vs men, the treatment of PNES is still questioned: anti-epileptic medicine vs cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). We describe a clinical case repot of a die-hard soccer fan, in which PNES manifested after the final 2018 FIFA World Cup game, where the team he was rooting for, Croatia, lost vs France.

Resisting eviction: the polymorphy of peripheral spatial politics in Brazil

ABSTRACT Struggles against eviction are key moments in the (re)production of informal housing in Brazilian cities, as they contest the uprooting and displacement of generally low-income families. While recent research has focused on displacement due to the World Cup and Olympic Games mega-events, this paper explores struggles against eviction that are less high profile, underscoring the distributed nature of evictions in processes of urban change. Drawing on long term fieldwork, this paper examines three cases of struggles against eviction in different cities in the southeast of Brazil. This comparison highlights the everyday contestations that take place across varied geo-political terrain; the morphological constraints and opportunities for collective action of building as opposed to land occupations; the punitive and cooperative state logics with which threatened communities must engage; and drawing on recent attempts in geography to combine theorisations of territory, place, network and scale, contributes to understanding the polymorphy of spatial struggles in contemporary Brazil.

Two zebras and a cardiac arrest: a case report of concomitant Brugada syndrome and an anomalous coronary artery.

BackgroundDiscovering concomitant diagnoses results in a challenge to determine the true cause of a patient’s presentation. Evaluating this fully is vital to plan appropriate and avoid inappropriate therapy.Case summaryA 55-year-old gentleman presents in cardiac arrest whilst watching an unusual occurrence of England dominating a Football World Cup game vs. Panama in 2018. Diagnostic coronary angiography discovered an anomalous right coronary artery from the opposite sinus (R-ACAOS), but clinical suspicion this was incidental lead to a further diagnosis of Type 1 Brugada Syndrome (BrS) following a positive Ajmaline provocation challenge. Risk stratification of these two zebras using computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA), Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI), Exercise Stress Echocardiography was performed and following a multi-disciplinary meeting, BrS was felt to be the primary diagnosis. The patient received a secondary prevention implantation of a cardiac defibrillator and avoided cardiac surgery.DiscussionDiagnosing a rare condition does not necessarily mean it is the cause of a patient’s presentation and should not end the investigative process. Right coronary artery from the opposite sinus rarely causes cardiac arrest in middle age and is typically associated with peak exercise. Type 1 BrS is associated with cardiac arrest with vagal activity, perhaps such as England winning a World Cup game! Clinical correlation and risk stratification is required for suspected incidental findings.

Women vs men – technical and tactical efficiency in football

Women’s football is the sports game with the most spectacular development in recent years both in terms of the number of participants (approximately 40 million) and all other factors involved in this process (international federations, investments, spectators, etc.). The general perception that most specialists have about women’s football is: “Like amateur football, but in slow motion”. This perception has fundamentally changed with the significant improvement in the level of performance shown on the field by football players. The questions we are trying to answer by conducting this research are the following: Are there important technical and tactical differences between women’s and men’s high-performance football? If there are such differences, what relevance do they have for the preparation process? In this context, the present study represents a comparative analysis, from a technical and tactical point of view, of the teams ranked in the top 3 at the last World Cups for both men (2018 FIFA World Cup Russia) and women (2019 FIFA Women’s World Cup France). The data were obtained from the FIFA website and from live statistics provided during each World Cup game. The conclusions that will emerge from this study may represent directions for the further technical and tactical development of women’s football.

Welfare Index of Migrant Workers in the Gulf: the Case of Qatar

AbstractIn December 2010, Qatar won the rights to host the 2022 FIFA World Cup games. The FIFA announcement came with increasing pressure from international human rights organizations, media and other groups for Qatar to reform its labour law, which governs the lives and working conditions of foreign workers in the country. Although Qatar continues to develop and implement major reforms to its labour laws, until now there was no one unique tool based on survey data to evaluate the impact of the government’s policies on guest workers. The objective of this article is to present the Qatar Guest Workers’ Welfare Index (GWWI),1 a multi‐dimensional comprehensive tool based on survey data of migrant workers developed by the Social and Economic Survey Research Institute (SESRI). In addition to assessing and tracking the welfare of this population, the objective of the index is to identify areas of improvement to guide policy formulation.

ON THE ACTIVITY OF ROSPOTREBNADZOR OFFICE IN THE ROSTOV REGION TO ENSURE SANITARY AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL WELLBEING DURING THE PREPARATION AND HOSTING THE 2018 FIFA WORLD CUP IN ROSTOV-ON-DON

Activities, including organizational ones, within monitoring and control and surveillance activities aimed at ensuring sanitary and epidemiological wellbeing of guests and games participants on the territory of the host city, sports facilities, accommodation places and catering conducted by Rospotrebnadzor office in the Rostov region during the preparation and hosting the 2018 FIFA World Cup Games in Rostov- on-Don are presented.

Bezerra, Kátia da Costa. Postcards from Rio; Favelas and the Contested Geographies of Citizenship. Fordham UP, 2017.

By analyzing mostly visual contemporary cultural production (such as photographs or videos) from Rio’s favelas, Bezerra points to ways in which favela residents themselves provide rich material that challenges the portrayal of their communities in the mainstream media, where they are often criminalized and marginalized. Written with the backdrop of the city’s preparations for hosting the FIFA World Cup, Olympic and Paralympic games, Postcards from Rio is also a testimony to the detrimental effects of the commodification of space that occurs when the state prioritizes a city’s brand image over its citizens.

Extreme Heat Considerations in International Football Venues: The Utility of Climatologic Data in Decision Making.

Exposure to severe heat can have detrimental effects on athletic performance and increase the risk of exertional heat injuries. Therefore, proactive assessment of the environmental characteristics of international football match venues becomes critical in ensuring the safety and optimal performance of the athletes. To propose the use of climatologic data (modeled wet-bulb globe temperature [WBGT]) in making athletic-event management decisions for the 2020 Summer Olympic Games and the 2022 Fédération Internationale de Football Association World Cup. Descriptive study. Hourly meteorologic input data for a WBGT model were obtained from the second Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications for Japan (Yokohama and Saitama) and Qatar (Doha and Al-Daayen). The pattern of hourly WBGT and percentage of hours between 30°C and 32°C and exceeding 32°C WBGT during the expected competition periods for the 2020 Summer Olympic Games in Japan and the scheduled (November, December) and traditional (June, July) periods of the World Cup games in Qatar. The WBGT during the 2020 Olympic football tournament in Japan may exceed 30°C in 40% to 50% of the late mornings and early afternoons. The shift in tournament timing for the 2022 Fédération Internationale de Football Association World Cup in Qatar from the summer to late fall will reduce the exposure to ≥30°C WBGT to null. Directors of mass sporting events should consider using climatologic data in their organizational decision making to assess the potential heat illness risk and to implement risk-mitigation plans.

“Germany’s victory over Brazil was like the Blitzkrieg”:: the sport-politics nexus in Israel during the 2014 World Cup

Various voices assert that the sport-politics nexus that characterized international sport events during the Cold War era is irrelevant in the current age of globalization. This study examines the validity of this argument via a case study of Jewish-Israelis’ fandom tendencies during the 2014 World Cup. A survey conducted during the World Cup games among a representative sample of the Jewish-Israeli population revealed that the Dutch team, whose popularity in Israel has been attributed to the Netherland’s perceived support of Jews during the Holocaust, was the most supported team. The teams most rooted against were Iran, Germany, and Algeria, indicating the potential role of the Holocaust and contemporary Jewish-Islamic relations on fandom tendencies. To better understand the animosity towards the German team, which is surprising in light of current improved Israel-Germany relations and the strength of the German team, we analyzed user comments on Israel’s main online newspaper following the German team’s glorious 7-1 victory against Brazil. The analysis revealed that 51 of the 287 user comments made direct or indirect references to the Holocaust, further highlighting the centrality of nationalism in contemporary sport fandom.

Comments: The Inevitable Price Cycle

Editor's column Russian President Vladimir Putin and Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman met in mid-June on the sidelines of a World Cup game in Moscow to discuss oil prices and diplomacy ahead of the recent OPEC meeting. It was the latest effort to wrest control of oil prices that began with the historic Vienna production cuts in 2016 that rescued the oil market, and the most recent in a long line of attempts to control the oil price cycle. The production cuts worked. The OPEC members and several largest producers, including Russia and Mexico, agreed in late 2016 to curb oil production by 1.8 million B/D to reduce the supply glut that had sent prices plummeting and caused massive layoffs throughout the industry. Compliance was not only good, but better than expected. Some countries cut supply even more than they agreed, and Venezuelan output dropped sharply because of that country’s economic crisis, which brought the market back in balance. The production cuts totaled almost 2.5 million B/D, according to the International Energy Agency (IEA). The extent of the cuts has led some, including the IEA, to fear that the market could soon be in short supply, sending prices sharply higher, and continuing the cycle of sharp shocks to the market. To them, oil prices in the $60–70 bbl range would be ideal, encouraging new production to replace declining reserves without disrupting demand growth. The oil market has tightened quickly, which should lead to output increases from major producers this year and next. Common phrases in the industry this year are “cautious optimism” about prices and “capital discipline.” But oil price cyclicality appears inevitable. The long-term nature of the business that requires years to develop new production, along with reliance on lagging indicators and the relative price inelasticity of consumption, underlies the difficulty of balancing supply and demand. Since 2014, rebalancing the oil market has meant cutting production and reducing inventories; for the rest of this year and 2019, it will mean increasing supply to prevent prices from rising too quickly. One source of supply that may help is the Permian Basin, which has seen remarkable growth during the downturn, and could act as a swing producer and a major oil exporter. A new report from IHS Markit forecasts that Permian production will rise by almost 3 million B/D to 5.4 million B/D by 2023. Production from the Permian by itself would be greater than any OPEC country except Saudi Arabia and the additional output would be more than the production of Kuwait, the report said. Permian output was less than 1 million B/D in 2010. One thing that could derail this predicted increase is strains on infrastructure. Already, logistical bottlenecks in pipelines and trucking have occurred, causing some production to be deferred to next year.

Impact of international sports events on the attendance of domestic sports league games using Chinese Super League data

PurposeExperiences of high quality games between top-class sports teams could influence sports fans’ decision to attend the domestic sports games. For example, soccer fans who watched the World Cup games between the best national teams are likely to be disappointed with the performance of their domestic league teams after the World Cup event, while more people might be attracted to watch a soccer game because of their increased interest in soccer games. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how the international sports event (i.e. the World Cup) influences the demand of the domestic sports league games in the non-hosting country.Design/methodology/approachTo test these antithetical hypotheses, the authors collect the Chinese Super League game-level data from 2004 to 2011. For analysis, the authors propose two empirical models rigorously developed based on previous sports marketing theories.FindingsThe findings are surprising compared to previous studies for the hosting countries or countries that performed spectacularly during the World Cup tournaments. The authors find that the international event negatively influences the attendance of domestic games. Specifically, it gives salience to the competitive quality of a match and helps enhance the impact of star players. Furthermore, the authors find evidence of dynamic effects of the international event.Originality/valueThe study contributes to the previous sports literatures by expanding our understanding of the effect of international sports events. Particularly, the results shed light on international events’ impact on the domestic sports league demand in more general conditions based on its influence on people’s behavior, rather than focusing on the effect caused by facility development or dramatic performance during the international event.

Twice lost in translation, or what referee Dattilo really said to Colombo in the greatest upset in World Cup history, England v U.S.A. 1950

This paper offers an explanation of an episode that took place in a 1950 World Cup game that saw the US defeat England by 1–0. It focuses on a linguistic misunderstanding between Italian referee Generoso Dattilo and US centre back Charles Colombo, an Italian-American from St. Louis. More precisely, the paper offers an explanation of what referee Dattilo said to Colombo following a rugby-like foul committed by the latter on English forward Stanley Mortensen. Colombo, as well as many others who recounted the story afterwards, maintained that the referee, surprisingly, complimented him. This article argues that what Colombo took as a compliment in Italian was instead a warning issued in Roman dialect. The meaning of the referee’s words was lost in translation and Dattilo’s warning turned into an unlikely compliment that has since entered soccer folklore as one of the defining moments in the greatest upset of World Cup history.

ANALYSIS OF MEDICAL ASSISTANCE PROVIDED TO SPECTATORS AT THE 2014 FIFA WORLD CUP MATCHES

ABSTRACTObjective:Several studies have already described the main injuries to soccer players during FIFA World Cup events; however, little is known about the main reasons spectators require medical assistance during these matches. The aim of this study is to assess the number of cases and main reasons spectators required medical assistance during the 2014 World Cup matches in Brazil. Methods:Data were collected from spectators who received medical assistance on all game days, and factors related to the assistance provided were analyzed. Results:Medical assistance was given to spectators in a total of 6,222 cases during the 64 games played in Brazil, an average of 97.2 times per game. The total number of spectators removed from the stadiums by ambulance was 167, a mean of 2.6 removals per game. The main reasons spectators required medical assistance during the World Cup games were headache, gastrointestinal problems, and trauma. Conclusions:Most spectators required medical assistance during the World Cup games for headache, gastrointestinal problems, and trauma; this information is fundamental to develop new prevention strategies and plan medical assistance for large-scale events. Level of Evidence IV; Case series.

Public trust in mega event planning institutions: The role of knowledge, transparency and corruption

The political ramifications of hosting mega-events are huge. In this article, we investigate the relationships among corruption, transparency, knowledge, and public trust using data collected from 3786 Brazilians in the context of the 2014 FIFA World Cup Games. Findings from the structural equation modeling indicate that public trust in government is determined by the respondents' perceptions of corruption and transparency and their level of knowledge about the roles of government and the local organizing committee in the mega-event. The respondents’ level of trust in the local organizing committee also exerts an influence on their trust in the government. The implications of the findings for governments planning to host mega-events in the future are discussed. This research makes an important contribution to the literature, being the first study to test a theoretical model that analyses the relationships between corruption, transparency, knowledge, and public trust in the context of a mega-sport event.