World Context Research Articles

The Lessons from Sanctions on Iran and Their Impacts on the Development of Civil Aviation Understanding and Iranian Airlines

After the Islamic Revolution, Iran lived through many hard times not only because of its economic and financial resources such as oil and petroleum but also because of its historical, social, supremacy and leadership of some other Islamic countries and communities. Essentially, it has tried to defend its position for many years without sacrificing its Idiosyncratic Islamic governance structure within the world context or other Islamic countries, for these reasons, it has witnessed a lot of economic and financial sanctions or bans. Although Iran has a lot of highly qualified academicians and a workforce in the science of aviation, its civil aviation management structure and related activities, such as airline management, are very far from the average of the world depending on these financial and economic sanctions and bans by international orders. This situation is subjected to this research as a gap. This paper will analyse the civil aviation and air carrier industry of Iran under the impacts of these economic and financial bans and sanctions regarding four dimensions: Maintenance, Training and licensing, corporal development, and relationships with manufacturers. Essentially, at the beginning of the new age, in terms of international politics and conflicts in every continent of the world, new sanctions and bans are on the trouble agenda of world civil aviation agencies and institutions because of their highly political structure, and these bans and sanctions carry generally economic and financial identities, although they have international policy claims. There are a lot of possibilities on the desks of the civil aviation authorities for the burdens of these sanctions and bans and their sustainability impacts on civil aviation. Moving from the situation of Iran, the correct courses and necessary economic and financial policies will be suggested in this new world context and understanding.

Youth-led Mental Health Promotion in South Africa

Globally, youth have high rates of unmet mental health needs, especially in Majority World contexts. Youth themselves are well positioned to engage their peer group in mental health provision. The aim of this study was to explore how peer educators could co-produce and deliver mental health promotion in resource-constrained South Africa communities. Six peer educators aged 18 to 24 initially co-facilitated consultation with 209 youth, before designing and delivering three mental health promotion workshops to 179 youth. Peer educators and 21 workshop beneficiaries participated in focus groups on their experiences. Key findings related to involving youth by integrating mental health to community activities, using participatory approaches, applying and transferring knowledge, signposting for further help, and putting support mechanisms in place. In conclusion, youth hold unique expertise in mobilizing their peer group and promoting mental health. Peer educators should be incorporated in service systems, with allocated budgets, training, supervision.

The outcomes of an audiological management programme for neonates with hyperbilirubinaemia

Background: Hyperbilirubinaemia is a contributing condition to the prevalence of neonatal hearing loss. Because of its pathophysiology, the use of Otoacoustic Emissions (OAE) and Automated Auditory Brainstem Response (AABR) testing is essential in diagnosing hearing loss. Two-tier screening models are typically used in developing world contexts; however, a combined approach to testing (using both tests) should be used for early detection. Blood serum levels should also be monitored to determine how they impact audiological test results.Objectives: To determine the outcomes of using a combined testing approach of both OAE and Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) for both screening and diagnostic testing of neonates with hyperbilirubinaemia and studying the relationship between the test results and the serum bilirubin levels.Method: A cross-sectional, comparative design was utilised. Forty neonates were tested (80 ears). Neonates underwent hearing screening and diagnostic testing (ABR and/or AABR and DPOAE tests). The study was conducted at a hospital in South Africa.Results: One-third (32.5%) of the neonates had comorbidities. Screening results indicated that the AABR test could identify more cases of abnormalities than DPOAEs (p = 0.001). Participants with a serum level greater than 10 mg/dL presented with abnormal diagnostic ABR test results while passing the DPOAE test (p 0.001).Conclusion: Combined use of ABR and DPOAE testing yielded a greater identification of auditory pathology than using either test alone. Serum bilirubin levels can be used as an indicator for combination testing.Contribution: Combined use of ABR and DPOAE testing leads to greater identification of auditory pathology.

Český úděl z pohledu konce 60. let

This study attempts to capture the origins of the differences in opinion on the fate of the Czech nation which arose in the period known as the Prague Spring in 1968 as espoused by two of the period´s historical actors, based on an analysis of media sources of the time. Though the controversy was unleashed at the turn of 1969 by Milan Kundera and Václav Havel, other important intellectual figures from Prague and Brno, such as Karel Kosík, Jaroslav Střítecký and Lubomír Nový were eventually to join the fray as well. Within the controversy, two basic approaches may be observed, whose antagonistic tendencies arise out of the generational differences of the participants: the first, represented by Kundera, Kosík and Nový, sees the democratisation experienced in the Prague spring as an integral process within a continuum of Czech history and thus exalt it as a singular process bringing Bohemia once again into a world context; the second approach, however, represented by Havel and Střítecký, looks upon the reform with critical skepticism and refutes the so-called "fate of the Czech nation" (which purports to situate Bohemia in the context of world history) as a fictional construct which takes away the individual´s historical responsibility.

Sustainable purchasing behavior and the consumer: Pre- and in-store interventions to facilitate the use of carbon labelling

This empirical article presents the results of two interventions at different stages in the purchase process designed to influence consumer purchase behavior towards lower carbon products. Survey and questionnaire results show the potential for targeted interventions to increase awareness and understanding of complex sustainability initiatives, such as carbon labelling. Analysis of supermarket loyalty card data provides further evidence of the widely cited attitude-intention-behavior gap. The value of measuring the behavioral impact of interventions objectively is therefore highlighted. The challenge of attempting to change behavior within real world contexts, such as a retail supermarket setting, is illustrated and the consequences of this discussed. Our findings present valuable insights for researchers studying behavioral change and stakeholders attempting to influence pro-environmental purchasing behavior.

Facilitating the voices of people with disabilities in disaster research: a case study of participatory timeline methodologies in Sindhupalchok Nepal

PurposeThere has been increasing advocacy for the inclusion of people with disabilities in disaster research and practice yet there are limited empirical examples that give voice to people with disabilities and their expereinces by consulting them directly. Conceptulising new methods that frame the role of people with disabilties as co-producers are essential for improving the representation of people with disabilties in the context of disaster research and beyond. The paper discusses how to facilitate disability inclusive research and introduces a participatory timeline tool that was co-produced by people with physical disabilities in Sindhupalchok, Nepal.Design/methodology/approachThe participatory timeline activity utilised 3D printed counters to explore the experiences of people with disabilities during disaster events and their recovery processes, in this case, the 2015 Ghorka earthquake and the 2021 Melamchi Flood. The paper reflects on how to foster disability-inclusive environments by placing agency and ownership by people with disabilities at the centre of research practice.FindingsThis approach created an atmosphere of collaboration and supported co-researchers to reveal their experiences and knowledge on their own terms. The counter tool introduced could be adapted for different research inquiries and used alongside other methods which seek to facilitate the voices of people with disabilities.Originality/valueThe research paper adds to the limited body of litreature on how to conduct participatory research with people with disabilities in disaster contexts and more widely within Majority world contexts.

A systemic analysis of participatory land and water governance in the Tsitsa River Catchment, South Africa

AbstractEffective governance of complex social‐ecological systems requires diverse stakeholders to be engaged in meaningful participatory processes. Meaningful participation must be intelligible and significant to local actors and coherent within a broader, multilevel governance system. This study explores the complexities of participatory land and water governance in South Africa's Tsitsa River Catchment. Embedded within a transdisciplinary landscape restoration project (the Tsitsa Project), this study combines a diagram‐based analysis of local actor mental models with a narrative‐based analysis of participant observation data. Challenges, opportunities, and general principles are identified. Limited accessibility, resource constraints, and the legacy of centralised governance impede participation. The research identifies the critical role of local actors, particularly those with deep community ties, in driving inclusive processes. Building trust through face‐to‐face interactions and culturally appropriate communication strategies also emerged as vital elements for success. This research can inform participatory projects and interventions in rural and developing world contexts.

Competitive Team-Based Learning (CTBL): A Revolutionary Approach to Contemporary Language Teaching/Education

This article dissects part of the socio-educational/political background to my innovative approach to Language Teaching/Education namely Competitive Team-Based Learning (CTBL), which he formulated based on his seminal edu-political theories. (See, 2023) It then clarifies certain misgivings regarding integrating the element of competition within cooperative learning settings to pave the way to a to-the-point introduction to CTBL. The article also discusses – at length – distinguishing features and characteristics of CTBL with reference to the present methods and approaches like Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) and particularly Cooperative Learning (CL) methods. It also throws light on the mechanisms underlying the implementation of CTBL in real classroom situations and illustrates presentations and classroom techniques in classes where this approach may be applied by teachers. Moreover, the article highlights the kind of design, objectives, evaluation system, syllabi, materials, tasks, and activities emphasized by CTBL. Importantly, the significance of motivation in CTBL settings has been thrown into sharp relief. Finally, the article gives a glimpse of the importance of CTBL for today (language) classes in our complicated competitive world context, and elaborates the howabouts of its contribution to significant changes in our societies, for peace making and compassionate civilizations building. CTBL makes it possible via bringing that sort of changes in our students’ minds first.

Risk and Protective Factors for Executive Function in Vulnerable South African Preschool-Age Children.

Executive function (EF) theory and research continues to under-represent the contexts in which the majority of the world's children reside, despite their potential to support, refute, or refine our current understandings. The current study sought to contribute to our understanding of EF in low-income settings in South Africa by investigating longitudinal associations of context-specific risk and protective factors for EF development in three- to five-year-old children who had limited access to ECCE services before the age of five. Child-caregiver dyads (N = 171) participated in two rounds of data collection (approximately seven months apart) during which child EF was assessed using the Early Years Toolbox; context-specific risk and protective factors were assessed through a caregiver questionnaire. Hierarchical linear regressions revealed that after controlling for age, attending ECCE services at time 2 (β = 0.30, p < 0.001), and diversity of caregivers at time 1 (β = 0.14, p = 0.041) were the only factors positively associated with EF at time 2. Other factors commonly associated with EF such as caregiver education, and household income were not significant, while resources in the home were significantly associated with EF (β = -0.18, p = 0.007) but in the opposite direction to what was expected. These results add to accumulating evidence that predictors of EF established in Minority World contexts may not be consistent across contexts, emphasising the need to broaden the EF evidence base. For instance, future studies could incorporate qualitative and ethnographic methods to better capture the cultural and contextual nuances relating to EF, to better inform our statistical and theoretical models.

Applying a Fuzzy Ordering Approach in Transportation Problems with Decagonal Intuitionistic Fuzzy Numbers

In this study, the paper delves into precision challenges within traditional transportation problem solutions, which rigidly define cost, supply, and demand. Acknowledging the inherent vagueness in real world contexts, the research explores the efficacy of intuitive fuzzy sets as a potent tool. Organized into four distinct sections, this work utilizes decagonal intuitionistic fuzzy numbers for managing supply and demand, while upholding conventional approaches for cost considerations. Employing a fuzzy ordering method, optimal solutions are derived by adjusting the configuration of decagonal intuitive fuzzy numbers across each segment. Through a comparative analysis, the Study identifies the most effective solution, with initial sections addressing balanced geometric intuitionistic fuzzy transportation problems and the final part focusing on unbalanced scenarios, specifically emphasizing supply and demand complexities.

Lysenkiana in the Studies of Mykhailo Stepanenko in Its Connections with Musicological Tradition and Modern Investigations of the Artist’s Heritage

The analysis of the works of Mykhailo Borysovych Stepanenko devoted to the multifaceted figure of Mykola Vitaliiovych Lysenko, is submitted in the article. An attempt to analyze objectively the chosen issues is made as well as to comprehend lysenkiana in the works of M. B. Stepanenko in close connection with the Ukrainian musicological tradition and modern research. M. B. Stepanenko’s music-historical studies are marked by the accuracy of archival-biographical and analytical musicological data, the absence of artificial restrictions. This phenomenon is typical for modern lysenkiana. The most important moments of M. V. Lysenko’s multifaceted creative activity as a composer, pianist, conductor, teacher and folklorist are emphasized in the considered texts. At the same time, these data are important for the history of Ukrainian music in general. In particular, the analysis of previously unpublished epistolary heritage sheds light on the artist’s friendly relations with the family of the famous historian and public figure Volodymyr Bonifatiiovych Antonovych. This information is valuable for Ukrainian musical biography. The author demonstrates the living history and cultural space of Kyiv at the early 20th century owing to the attention to details. The analyzed studies of Mykhailo Stepanenko introduce new archival materials into scientific circulation and expand the empirical base of Ukrainian musicology. Therefore, they are in the midst of relevant trends, typical for modern musicology, those contribute to the strengthening of the scientific foundations of this field of knowledge as a whole, and therefore, the entry of Ukrainian musicology into the world context as its subject.

The World Context and Requirements for Knowledge Economy Development in Vietnam

Today, the knowledge economy is a factor that has a profound influence on the development of countries around the world. The Communist Party of Vietnam has affirmed the importance and significance of developing a knowledge economy associated with the Fourth Industrial Revolution in the cause of innovation, realizing the goal of early socio-economic development, soon turning Vietnam into a modern industrial country. The article objectively and comprehensively analyzes the international and domestic contexts affecting the promotion of knowledge economy development in Vietnam.

Institutions and Economic Development: Cheong Kee Cheok’s Contribution to Economic Thought

This paper seeks to review the theories and arguments of two leading economic schools that Cheong Kee Cheok dabbled on, initially originating with neoclassical economic thinking to gradually appreciate evolutional economic thinking. In doing so, the paper makes it clear that logic, merit and evidence drove much of Cheong Kee Cheok’s economic thinking, including acknowledging that within the context of the real world where markets (relative prices) often lacked its allocative role when faced with complicated and often opaque circumstances. However, his analyses stayed clear of illogical arguments predicated on the politics of the majority and the politics of the powerful to be transcendental and humanistic in nature. With these credentials as the central pillars of his character, Cheong Kee Cheok gained popularity as an unbiased universal scholar who exchanged ideas freely with people of all walks of life, including with the countless students he mentored.

Citizens’ pro-environmental behaviors for waste reduction using an extended theory of planned behavior in Guayas province

This study looks at pro-environmental behaviors (PEBs) for waste reduction in Ecuador's heavily populated Guayas area. The research, which focuses on green consumer, recycler, and waste-preventer behaviors, applying an Extended Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to investigate the influence of attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control on people's intentions to behave environmentally and uses external influences as moderating role variable. This research intends to contribute to targeted treatments and strategies promoting sustainable behaviors and environmental consciousness by better understanding the factors that drive waste reduction PEBs. A total of 3805 people were polled, and confirmatory analysis and structural equation modeling was utilized to review the data. The study finds that attitudes, perceived behavioral control, and subjective norms significantly influence citizens' intentions to engage in green consumer and waste-preventer behaviors. However, the intention to behave ecologically does not significantly affect recycler behavior. External influences also moderate the relationship between intentions and all three-waste reduction pro-environmental behaviors. This investigation illuminates the psychological dimensions underlying the observed variability in pro-environmental waste reduction behaviors among residents in a metropolitan area situated in South America, specifically within a developing world context. Finally, the study emphasizes the importance of addressing citizens' attitudes and norms to promote green consumerism, waste prevention, and recycling. Limitations include self-report bias and demographic bias. Future research should expand to include other regions and countries.

Проект «Апофатика» Гора Чахала. Религиозная тема в искусстве российских новых медиа 2010-х годов

The article is devoted to the consideration and art criticism of the Apophatica multimedia art project (2016), the author of which is the Moscow artist Gor Chakhal. For several decades, he has been addressing religious topics in contemporary art, defining his work as Christ‐centered. This trend has long been of deep interest in world and Russian art, but its comprehension, place in the artistic process, and functional significance have not yet been definitively determined and differ in Russia and other countries. In this article, the Apophatica project is considered from the point of view of some traditions of Eastern Christian art, such as hierotopy. Additionally, an attempt is made to integrate the project into the innovative world context of art that addresses Christian themes, which is not easy with the difference in terminology. Many foreign researchers prefer the term ‘spirituality’. Apophatica is an example of a modern statement by a Russian artist on the theme of the eternal dialogue between man and God in the language of fine arts.

Toward a globally inclusive knowledge base on adolescent development: A charge to the Majority World and a plea for epistemic and paradigmatic pluralism.

Ongoing internal dialog on the limitations of Euro-American developmental science has opened up space to explore how best to work toward a knowledge base that is adequately representative of the values, cultures, epistemic traditions, and lived experiences of peoples, nations, and regions around the world. So far, recommendations for the advancement of a global developmental science have focused preponderantly on (1) methodological considerations and (2) an architecture to support cross-disciplinary international collaborative inquiry and/or enhance research capacity building for Majority World scholars and institutions. In this commentary, instead of focusing on specific contributions to the Special Issue, I make a case for an explicit commitment to field-building within Majority World contexts as the primary gap-closing path toward the cultivation of a global developmental science knowledge base. I begin with a worldwide population analysis to demonstrate the magnitude of geopolitical, eco-cultural, and epistemic imbalances inherent in the shaping of Euro-American developmental science. In tandem with the Special Issue's central theme, I draw on scholarship from the fields of history, sociology, and political economy to link decolonial theory to the advancement of a global developmental science. Finally, I explore ways in which exemplary research establishments already engaged in prolific inquiry and research training may be ideal candidates to support field-building and help to advance multidisciplinary inquiry within an ethos of epistemic and methodological pluralism.

The Impact of Islamophobia on the Persecution of Myanmar's Rohingya: A Human Rights Perspective

The concept of Islamophobia and the persecution of the Rohingya minority—these two phenomena are highly significant in the world context. These factors have affected systematic violence and statelessness for many years by the Myanmar Buddhist majority and the Myanmar government itself. The Rohingya community has a significant connection with several factors, including political, economic, national, and religious relations. This paper is dependent on a qualitative research methodology using secondary data was used. Myanmar is a non-secular, Buddhist-dominated country where the Buddhist majority holds a perception of Islam to justify their violence towards this community and to ensure Buddhist domination. This paper will shed some light on the argument, and discusses the extent to which Islamophobia is significant behind violations of human rights in the Rohingya community.

Al‐Madina Document in Contemporary Arab‐Muslim and Western Scholarship: Surveying and Assessing some Intellectual Orientations and Reading Strategies1

AbstractThis short essay attempts at displaying briefly some examples of scholarly and intellectual interests in al‐Madina Document, which one can find in Arab and Western literature today. It endeavors to highlight the primary, focal conceptual orientations and the contextual concerns and motifs that make the Arab and the Western intellectual scenes approach this document from the distinguished perspectives they follow and to interpret its content from the specific dimensions of interest and focus they prioritize. After exposing in a survey‐like and short analytical manner these different approaches, the paper will end with some assessments of each scholarly modus operandi and then suggest some aspects of reading that should not be ignored or sidelined if one wants to relate to the Madina Document in its own terms and from‐within its own world and possible context, without ending up either eisegeting the document, or anachronizing its content or injecting its words with what they do not not essentially state.

Theories and practices of disability from the Global South: a critical anthropological perspective.

"Critical disability studies" (CDS) is an interdisciplinary field of research that examines social, political, economic, racial, gendered and historical constructions of bodily non-normativity across different geopolitical areas and scales. Despite its diverse and multiple contributions and objectives, current research in critical disability studies has been described as mainly focusing on disability issues in the Global North and as having universalizing tendencies. In this context, intersubjective perspectives and empirical data offered by ethnographic works in medical and disability anthropology and related disciplines have been either in accord or tension with the broader field of CDS. On the one hand, this review article illustrates the many ways anthropologists have adopted various research perspectives to explore bodily non-normativity outside settings in the Global North. On the other, it shows the importance of research by anthropologists working on topics related to disability, as well as their recent fruitful collaborations with CDS scholars and approaches. By exploring these epistemological and empirical entanglements, this paper concludes that deeper engagements between CDS and anthropology, as well as a more thorough focus on the ethnographic analysis of bodily non-normativity, can open new creative routes for the analysis of disability in various world contexts.

Modeling the depressive mind: An artificial intelligence approach to deciphering Beck’s cognitive triad

Mental and cognitive well-being is of paramount significance for human beings. Consequently, the early detection of issues that may culminate in conditions such as depression holds great importance in averting adverse outcomes for individuals. Depression, a prevalent mental health disorder, can severely impact an individual’s quality of life. Timely identification and intervention are critical to prevent its progression. Our research delves into the application of Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) techniques to potentially facilitate the early recognition of depressive tendencies. By leveraging the cognitive triad theory, which encapsulates negative self-perception, a pessimistic outlook on the world, and a bleak vision of the future, we aim to develop predictive models that can assist in identifying individuals at risk. In this regard, we selected The Cognitive Triad Dataset, which takes into account six different categories that encapsulate negative and positive postures about three different contexts: self context, future context and world context. Our proposal achieved great performance, by relying on a strict preprocessing analysis, which led to the models obtaining an accuracy value of 0.97 when classifying aspect contexts; 0.95 when classifying sentiment-aspects; and a value of 0.93 in accuracy was achieved under the aspect-sentiment paradigm. Our models outperformed those reported in the literature.