Sociological Work Research Articles

Men to Villains: Competitive Masculinity in The Lighthouse

This paper investigates the competitive nature of masculinity as presented in Robert Egger’s film The Lighthouse. Applying gender theory, I examine three crucial scenes in the film that demonstrate the two protagonists’ pursuit of ascendance, which manifests as their lust to possess the lamp of the lighthouse. Borrowing from the works of sociologists, anthropologists, and historians, I was able to understand the naturally recurring crises of masculinity that circulate around a hegemonic model of the masculine ideal, ultimately leading to competition between men to achieve said hegemony. The Lighthouse proves this enduring phenomenon through Robert Pattinson and Willem Dafoe’s volatile relationship and their brutal demise. While the film might not propose a direct solution, I argue it serves as a bleak reminder of how misogyny and toxic masculinity harm men and their relationships with one another.

Methodological Approaches to Measuring Public Health as the Sociomedical Resource and Potential of the Society

Introduction: The study describes existing approaches to defining public health. The state of public health affects the ability of the country to achieve strategic landmarks and national security goals. Strengthening of public health requires the development of approaches to monitoring its condition, as well as the use of practical tools aimed at the growth of this resource of the country. Objective: To formulate the problem of studying, conceptualizing, and measuring public health. Materials and methods: We have analyzed foreign and Russian literary sources in order to conceptualize the notion of public health and its determinants. For this, a search was made in five databases of domestic and foreign scientific literature, including Scopus, Jstor, Ebsco, eLibrary.ru, Web of Science, as well as in two search systems for Russian legal information (“Consultant Plus” and “Garant”) for the years 1972–2021. To clarify the concept of “public health”, we examined the main sociological works revealing the concepts of “society” and “health”. Special emphasis was placed on the search for public health determinants, including medical, behavioral, environmental, and economic factors. Overall, we considered 31 domestic and six foreign publications. Results: Based on our findings, we believe that public health is a medical and social resource and the potential of the society that ensures national security and sustainable development of the country. The potential of the society should be considered as a part of public health, available to counter existing threats and challenges to the national security. We describe current approaches to developing a system of public health indicators, establishing their indicative and critical values. A decrease in the public health resource below the potential determines a violation of national security requirements. Conclusion: Improvement of public health requires proper understanding of its determinants and key risk factors. Creation of a monitoring system will enable the use of public health supporting tools before the crisis associated with deterioration of public health due to a biological hazard erupts.

Regressive revenue sourcing by local governments

Emerging work in fiscal sociology examines the intersection of race/ethnicity, inequality and taxation, and suggests that localities are increasingly turning to nontax alternatives such as fines, fees and forfeitures to fill revenue gaps and service demands. These revenue sources are regressive and discriminatory as they disproportionately affect low-income racially/ethnically minoritised groups. We assess the extent to which local municipalities in California are more dependent on regressive nontax revenue sources, and if increases are correlated with a city’s racial/ethnic composition. We use fixed-effects estimators on panel fiscal data from the California State Controller Office’s Cities Annual Reports between 2002 and 2016 for our analysis. We further exploit our time period to determine how fiscal crises like the Great Recession compound race/ethnicity-driven finance disparities. Our results suggest the proportion of Latinx/Hispanic in a city’s population is positively and statistically associated with an increase in a city’s reliance on fines, fees and forfeitures. These results suggest concerns of discriminatory and regressive revenue sourcing by local governments that further perpetuate racial inequality and poverty. In aggregate, relative to other years in our analysis, the growth rate of fines, fees and forfeitures as a portion of total own-source revenue saw higher increases during the Great Recession, a time of heightened financial insecurity among low-income, Latinx/Hispanic and Black households.

A divide quantified—exploring the relationship between ICT infrastructure diffusion and income inequality

PurposeInformation and communication technology (ICT) has the potential to address and reduce income inequality. However, since 1980, income inequality in the United States has caused concerns for researchers, policymakers and the public. Entrepreneurs and managers can take advantage of information technologies, while those in the middle and the bottom see fewer benefits. Meanwhile, countries such as Iceland are more capable of using ICT infrastructure to reduce income inequality, which contributes to the well-being of its citizens. This research study explores the relationship between infrastructure diffusion and income inequality through Rogers’s diffusion of innovations theory.Design/methodology/approachTo answer the research questions, the author assessed the data through a series of regression analyses using SPSS. The authors used Power BI software to chart the relationships between ICT infrastructure diffusion and income inequality by country and in the United States by state and region.FindingsThe results show diffusion of innovations theory’s tenets do not necessarily hold, because a significant negative relationship exists between infrastructure diffusion and income inequality, especially in countries with emerging economies. In the United States, this relationship significantly differs by region.Originality/valueThis research contributes to research by expanding economic and sociology work to the IS domain, while providing conflicting evidence for diffusion of innovations theory. The research also provides suggestions for practice, such as more focused ICT infrastructure investments and regulations.

Social work of charity organizations for the homeless in Silesia (Poland)

Despite the entry of humanity into the next millennium and the visible progress of civilization in many areas, the basic existential problems of the world population not only could not be solved, but their dynamic development was revealed. One of them turns out to be the housing issue, where millions of people in the world continue to vegetate without shelter. According to the data of the Iusticia et Pax commission, at the end of the last century, nearly a fifth of the world's population was deprived of decent housing conditions. According to the data of the Iusticia et Pax commission, at the end of the last century, nearly a fifth of the world's population was deprived of decent housing conditions, and almost half of the world's population vegetated in slums or ghettos of big cities in conditions unworthy of man (Głod, 2008). Nowadays, homelessness has become an important social problem, mutually intertwining in cause and effect with unemployment, poverty and many other social pathologies, such as alcoholism, drug addiction, venereal diseases and HIF, family breakdown and crime. On a global scale, the problem is exacerbated by epidemics (Covid-19),war cataclysms and mass displacement of people. The phenomenon of homelessness occurs both in poor and rich societies, being the subject of research interest in such disciplines as sociology, economics, law, psychology, social policy or social work. Experts from various disciplines try to name this problem in various ways, but the dozen of the presented definitions do not change the fact that the concept of homelessness is generally legible in the social perception, which is why the author decided to omit numerous definitions and typologies of the phenomenon, as not very useful in the framework of the assumptions of this study ,accepting homelessness as a negation of the basic human right, i.e. the right to have a stable and safe place of existence. The main assumption here is an attempt to show and evaluate the work of social services in specific Polish conditions. The main research problem for the author is the answer to the question whether and how three selected charities cope with the current socio-political and economic situation.

Psychoanalyzing democracies: Antagonisms, paranoia, and the productivity of depression

Psychoanalyzing democracies: Antagonisms, paranoia, and the productivity of depression

Challenges of orientalist productions and frames of an imagined other: a media monitoring analysis

PurposeThis paper offers a critical discussion to contribute to sociological work by emphasizing deconstruction(s) of the markers of gendered and racialized borders and epistemological injustice(s) in theory and practice of contemporary global frames of representation and women's intersectional identities and rights. Through a postcolonial, situated feminist approach, the theoretical framework aims to scope and review literature from the South and North.Design/methodology/approachThe research employs a mixed-methodology of a survey paper and media critical discourse analysis of media monitoring frames of Egyptian women's rights post–Arab spring. The content, layout and imageries produced by representations are assessed to explore whether there are lingering subtle and blatant hints of continued orientalism in knowledge canons.FindingsThe underlying causes for misconceptions and reductionist sociopolitical attitudes may be styled by patriarchal and orientalist imposition and are highly found to be somewhat maintained by persistent Western-centric epistemologies claiming to define or speak for the so-called other. The above-mentioned structures are evidently channelled through languages which essentialize and control women of the South, urging for further research in knowledge canons which calls oppressive frames into question.Originality/valueMore feminist contributions from non-Western gazes are needed to fill gaps in canons of knowledge and deconstruct patriarchal and colonial codes which impose inequalities on women as seen through the survey paper of theoretical representation and media politics.

Text mining for social science – The state and the future of computational text analysis in sociology

The emergence of big data and computational tools has introduced new possibilities for using large-scale textual sources in sociological research. Recent work in sociology of culture, science, and economic sociology has shown how computational text analysis can be used in theory building and testing. This review starts with an introduction of the history of computer-assisted text analysis in sociology and then proceeds to discuss five families of computational methods used in contemporary research. Using exemplary studies, it shows how dictionary methods, semantic and network analysis tools, language models, unsupervised, and supervised machine learning can assist sociologists with different analytical tasks. After presenting recent methodological developments, this review summarizes several important implications of using large datasets and computational methods to infer complex meaning in texts. Finally, it calls researchers from different methodological traditions to adopt text mining tools while remaining mindful of lessons learned from working with conventional data and methods.

KlaritaGërxhani, N.D.de Graaf, and WernerRaub (Eds.) Handbook of Sociological Science: Contributions to Rigorous SociologyEdward Elgar Publishing, 2021, 552 p., 22 out of the 26 Chapters are Open Access, $283.50.

Population and Development ReviewVolume 48, Issue 3 p. 897-898 SHORT REVIEWSOpen Access Klarita Gërxhani, N.D. Graaf, and Werner Raub (Eds.) Handbook of Sociological Science: Contributions to Rigorous SociologyEdward Elgar Publishing, 2021, 552 p., 22 out of the 26 Chapters are Open Access, $283.50. First published: 07 September 2022 https://doi.org/10.1111/padr.12520AboutSectionsPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Demography is a discipline with a relatively well-specified focus.1 On the other hand, sociology, as described by the editors of Handbook of Sociological Science: Contributions to Rigorous Sociology is “fragmented” since it lacks a common core of methodological basics for theoretical and empirical work. In fact, there are as many as 57 research committees representing different specialties in sociology in the International Sociological Association.2 The thematic focuses range from Futures Research (RC07) to Social Stratification (RC28), Alienation Theory and Research (RC36) to Biography and Society (RC38), Conceptual and Terminological Analysis (RC35) to Clinical Sociology (RC46), and The Body in the Social Sciences (RC54) to Social Indicators (RC55). I can see that such huge variations make it tremendously difficult to connect the dots between different subfields of sociology. Despite a large variety, in theory, methods, and statistical modeling in sociology, the editors argue that it is not impossible to identify the common core of methodological standards. The aim of this Handbook is to identify “unity in diversity” using an integrative perspective to develop share guidelines and basic methodological standards for theoretical and empirical work in sociology. Using the term “sociological science” in the title, the book explicitly emphasizes the scientific strength of sociology. The book presents “rigorous sociology” as an umbrella for a sociological research approach that (1) is guided by problems and testable theories; (2) is theoretical-driven empirical research committed to scientific integrity and transparency; and (3) makes contributions to policy making relevant to societal problems. Once the standards of inquiry are developed within the framework of rigorous sociology, this can be applied to different fields of interest. In this regard, rigorous sociology or more broadly sociological science shares a common feature with demography which has a long-standing empirical tradition (Bijak et al. 2014). Naturally, even this 500+ already volume cannot cover all fields of sociological inquiry. Other prominent fields of sociological research are absent. Examples include occupational mobility, life course study, assortative mating, and health and illness. Rather, this Handbook serves as an introductory volume to rigorous empirical social science research which is “theoretically sophisticated, methodologically innovative and had practical applications” (Raub, de Graaf, and Gërxhani 2022, 15). The emphasis on applying micro–macro theories to find population-level regularities while offering explanations/empirical analysis of the mechanisms behind the individual behavior makes this handbook highly relevant for PDR’s readers. Browsing readers can select the chapter or section they are interested in. This setting allows the volume to function well as a handbook. The introductory chapter clearly explains what each section contains. Those interested in theoretical frameworks/models in sociology, for instance, can consult Part I on research programs while those interested in methods can jump to Part III. In my case, I went straight to Chapter 2 “Order from chaos: sociology as a population science” thinking that the chapter would also touch upon demography as a discipline closely linked to sociology. Here population science refers to an empirical investigation of individual-level processes that yield population-level regularities with an emphasis on the description and explanation of the empirical regularities. While the chapter offers a comparison of different scientific practices in sociology and economics, making a linkage also to demography would substantively enrich the discussion, in my view. Overall, this Handbook of Sociological Science offers an overview of theories, models, and methods in sociology including future developments with an explicit focus on a scientific approach to sociological inquiry. —R.M. Acknowledgement Open Access Funding provided by Universita di Bologna within the CRUI-CARE Agreement. [Correction added on 2 December 2022, after first online publication: funding information has been added.] References Bijak, J., D. Courgeau, E. Silverman, and R. Franck, (2014). “Quantifying Paradigm Change in Demography.” Demographic Research 30: 911– 924. https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2014.30.32 Raub, W., N. D. de Graff, and K. Gërxhani. 2022. Chapter 1: Rigorous sociology. In Rigorous Sociology. Handbook of Sociological Science. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing, edited by K. Gërxhani, N. Graaf, and W. Raub, 2– 19. https://www.elgaronline.com/view/book/9781789909432/book-part-9781789909432-7.xml. Accessed August 16 , 2022 1 https://iussp.org/en/about/what-is-demography 2 https://www.isa-sociology.org/en/research-networks/research-committees Volume48, Issue3September 2022Pages 897-898 ReferencesRelatedInformation

From the infraordinary to the extraordinary: Georges Perec and domesticity

The design of domestic environments is fraught with decision-making, a process often dictated by fashion. The resulting inhabitation of domestic spaces blends the routine and the banal, with occasional forays into the extraordinary. The spaces of the domesticity range from single rooms to elaborate palaces. These can be functionally prescribed or open-ended, they support furniture, décor, behaviours, and narratives. The writer Georges Perec (1936–82) provides a way of looking at the domestic realm and ordinary life through his many inter-related writings on the subject. In his quest for an ‘anthropology of everyday life’, he explored notions of the ‘ordinary’ and ‘infraordinary’. In this text two important works by Perec are examined to explore how he framed and questioned notions of domesticity; can this reading be construed as a theory of domesticity?Perec’s text Species of Spaces describes a spatial continuity between city and dwelling that is characterised by spatial types, thresholds/boundaries, objects, and everyday practices often of an autobiographical nature. He begins with the page, ascends through the apartment building and the city, and ends with the world in a sequence of embedded spatial conditions. A close read of Species of Spaces uncovers a kind of sociological work, a critique or manifesto, and an evolution from Perec’s previous writings. In the text he asks the most fundamental questions, such as ‘What does it mean, to live in a room?’In his monumental text Life A User’s Manual, Perec examines the lives of residents in a typical Parisian apartment building, it remains one of the most significant imaginings of how a building, or work of architecture, can be occupied. Through the vast scope of Perec’s project the book captures the intertwining lives of the occupants of the building at 11 Rue Simon-Crubellier, in Paris’s 17th arrondissement, at precisely 8:00 pm on 23 June 1975. To accomplish this Perec devised forty-two ‘preprogrammed’ factors to structure each of the ninety-nine chapters to ensure that he covered plot, actors, and setting in a systematic way. The apartment building ultimately provides an armature for the study of the very small to the very large.Life A User’s Manual describes a domestic world, how we organise our residences into compartments of space, how we furnish the rooms, how our stories create our realities, and how the lives of people in an ordinary apartment building intertwine in so many ways. Although frozen in a moment, the novel captures the vagaries and complexities of the everyday. It describes the routines of living, unexpected happenings, the connections between people living together at close quarters, the role of interiors in defining a particular period, the histories that can support and damage a life, the common aspirations and tragedies of urban dwellers, and so on. Perec's work does not constitute an actual theory of domesticity, although it precisely describes a domestic order that provides a sense of place by attending to both the minor and major aspects of an environment.

Twenty-Five Years of Charles Mills’s Racial Contract in Sociology

How have sociologists engaged the late philosopher Charles Mills’ landmark The Racial Contract (1997) in the twenty-five years since its publication? I first synthesize and periodize the corpus of sociological research citing The Racial Contract into two chronological and epistemological waves. The first wave (1997-2009) is distinguished by the scholarship of a vanguard who drew on the text, and direct engagement with Mills himself, in a paradigmatic shift away from the sociological study of race relations to the study of racism. The second wave (2010-present) is characterized by a fivefold increase in the text’s citation, tied to a resurgence of Du Boisian sociology and the early-career projects of a new generation of sociologists, as the text diffused from the sociology of race into other subfields of the discipline. I then go on to describe the influence of The Racial Contract on theory, data, and method in my own scholarship on racialization, first during my graduate studies in the United States, and later, as Sociology faculty in Canada at the University of Toronto, Mills’ alma mater. I end the essay with proposals for how a third wave of sociological engagement with The Racial Contract can more rigorously engage the text’s originating relationship to feminist political theory, as well as more actively be in dialogue with a new generation of critical philosophers who are already speaking back to us by centrally drawing on the work of sociologists.

Rewriting of Text and Paratext

Bushido: The Soul of Japan is an influential sociology work for the world to study Japan. Drawing primarily upon cultural translation studies and Gerard Genette's paratext theory, this article investigates how the 10 Chinese translations of Bushido: The Soul of Japan make meaning through rewriting of both text and paratext. The authoress contends that the cultural self-complacency, typical of “Escape from Asia” mentality in the wake of the Meiji Restoration, has been filtered by the dominant nationalist ideology in the target setting. Specifically, the affirmation of Chinese culture in the texts tends to be over-translated, while those paratexts that run contrary to the interest of the Chinese nation are either omitted or rewritten in conformity to Chinese nationalist thinking. As a result of the ideological rewriting of both text and paratext, Bushido has acquired a new meaning of war machine of modern Japanese militarism, which is a far cry from those intended by Inazo Nitobe in the wake of the first Sino-Japanese War.

The Continuity of the Social Sciences During COVID-19: Sociology and Interdisciplinarity in Pandemic Times.

I argue that the COVID-19 pandemic presents an opportunity for sociologists and other social scientists to focus their scholarship on this apparently new event, while applying theoretical and methodological traditions that were established during pre-pandemic times. I substantiate this argument by critically reviewing published sociological research on COVID-19, especially as it developed early on during the pandemic, in the light of the historical development and original ambitions of sociology and other social sciences. Evaluating these contributions, I make a case for the value of a collaborative notion of interdisciplinarity to analyze the multi-dimensional dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic from the viewpoint of various disciplines. On the basis of sociological work on celebrity culture during the pandemic, I argue that this task can be accomplished without resorting to all too readily made judgments concerning the unprecedented nature of the pandemic. Studying the multiple dimensions of the pandemic, each of the social sciences can usefully contribute to interdisciplinary research by relying on the proven perspectives of their respective disciplinary orientations and specialty areas.

Passive tolerance and productive uncertainties in food allergy immunotherapy biomedical practices.

There has been little sociological research on food allergy in North America, despite the fact that it impacts a significant population in the US and Canada. Immunotherapy for food allergy is now a prominent area of investigation and experts argue it is one dimension of a 'paradigm shift' that encourages exposure to food allergens in contrast to avoidance of them. This article reports on an ethnographic investigation of immunotherapy for food allergy research and practice between the years 2015 and 2020. I report on analyses of N=31 in-depth interviews with spokespersons with different types of engagement in immunotherapy and over 100h of ethnographic observations at clinical and scientific conferences. My research revealed the entangled ontologies of food and drug in immunotherapy and related uncertainties in the diagnoses of food allergy, which catalysed further uncertainty about who is receiving and who should receive immunotherapy (IT). Relatedly, there are uncertainties about the goals and/or outcomes of IT. I elaborate on previous sociological work about how uncertainty is valued in medicine and science. I argue shared uncertainties and mutual scepticism in IT co-exist, representing a passive (productive) tolerance and reticently accepted form of tension in the domain, which have resulted in calls for intra-professional and inter-professional collaborations and the involvement of other stakeholders in knowledge making regarding food allergy immunotherapy.

Review of “How Green Became Good. Urbanized Nature and the Making of Cities and Citizens”

How Green Became Good is a powerful work of urban sociology, culture, and historical and comparative methods. In it, Hillary Angelo challenges conventional accounts of why urban greening became a public good. Urban greening is “the normative practice of using everyday signifiers of nature to fix problems with urbanism” (3). Today, it is a popular policy that includes a range of practices: urban farms, sidewalk planters and trees, community gardens, and pocket parks. Why did the idea that greener cities are better cities become naturalized as everyday common sense (4)? To answer this question, Angelo argues, we need to look beyond morphology and towards urbanized nature a key facet of social imagination whereby community members and their leaders read themselves into broader sets of relationships with other municipalities and their perceived strengths. By tracing the case of urban greening in the Ruhr valley in Germany, Angelo shows how greening involves practices and ideas that construct not just physical spaces, but entire social imaginaries. In this account, nature is a public good that is held in tension with consumer goods or, more broadly, economic production needs. But as she points out, these things are not opposites—public “green” on the one hand, private “greed” on the other. On the contrary, they are mutually constitutive. One of Angelo’s crucial analytical moves is to shift away from the idea that urbanized nature is an inherently contentious politics, and toward a socio-cultural reimagining of how a city continually makes itself “modern” by subtly changing its position with respect to a salient public good.

100 Years of Social Forces as seen through Bibliometric Publication Patterns

Abstract The 100th anniversary of Social Forces provides a rich opportunity to reflect on the history of the journal and changes to sociology as a whole. Using a series of formal text-analytic methods, we describe the shifting intellectual landscape of Social Forces publications. We uncover a wide diversity of topics that shift over time reflecting the breadth of interests engaging sociologists as Social Forces grew into one of the discipline’s premier journals. In addition to shifts in content, we examine changes in sociological work during this century. We find that articles have generally become more interdisciplinary, while being produced by larger, more gender inclusive and globalized teams. We examine both the most cited papers in Social Forces as well as factors associated with greater recognition. The overall story implied by these explorations suggests a vibrant journal that has shaped the way that sociology has worked over the last 100 years.

Reframing the classics?

A number of recent works in sociology call for the decolonization of the discipline. Colonialism and Modern Social Theory adds a critical intervention to this recent body of work by deconstructing the theories that have been canonized in North American and European social theory, and meticulously laying out the systematic erasure of colonialism and imperialism from their concepts and analytical categories. This review focuses on the introductory chapter and overall scope of the book, and draws attention to several potential areas for fruitful future engagement that this text inspires.

Misfits and Troubled Men. Masculinity and Violence in Romanian Socialist Cinema

This paper is part of an ongoing research project that aims at identifying types of masculinities in Romanian socialist cinema, by using gender studies and other contributions on the topic of masculinity in order to provide a sociological reading of Romanian films made during the communist regime. I will look at the way in which Western understandings of masculinity have been transferred to Eastern European categories of masculinity in cinema and I will establish a critical framework for my analysis, with an introduction to studies on masculinity, and expand on elements of sociological and psychoanalytical works, namely major contributions from Connell (1987), Segal (2007) and Horrocks (1994, 1995). Two defining concepts in masculinity studies are hegemonic masculinity (Connell 1987) and homosociality (Bird, 1996), theories which will constitute the basis for my case studies in order to see if male characters in Romanian socialist cinema fit into this categorization. The last part of this paper will be an analysis of three films, Reenactment (Reconstituirea, Lucian Pintilie, 1968), 100 Lei (100 de lei, Mircea Săucan, 1973) and At the End of the Line (La capătul liniei, Dinu Tănase), in which the male characters exist outside society, they cannot conform to what is being required of them as socialist subjects. The purpose is to see how gender performativity plays a role in the relationship between men, with a focus on violence and how it is connected to a search for a father figure and male friendships.

METHODICAL ASPECTS OF USING VIRTUAL MUSEUMS OF THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS IN GENERAL EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

The large-scale pandemic caused by Covid-19 forced long vacations and the unstable situation in the country has raised one of the global problems of education - quality educational content. Formulation of the problem. World culture of the XXI century exists in a dynamic environment that is rapidly evolving in all areas of human activity. Information and communication technologies have a significant impact on socio-cultural processes. At the same time, the concept of «virtuality» is firmly in the context of culture, education, and business. One of the important innovations that have taken a significant place in cultural life is a phenomenon such as a virtual museum. Materials and methods. We used the following methods to achieve the goal of the study: systematic and comparative analysis of pedagogical, psychological, philosophical, sociological works, methodological and specialized literature; analysis of the pedagogical experience of using virtual museums of the education in general secondary education institutions; questioning teachers about their experience of using virtual museum in the educational process, identifying problems for the creation of special webinars and courses to develop digital competence of teacher; interpretation of research results. Results. The use of virtual museums in the educational process makes it possible to effectively solve the following basic didactic tasks: ensuring the scientific nature for students'education mastery of scientific knowledge and promoting the formation of a democratic worldview in them that based on credible scientific facts and corresponds to the dynamics of of relevant scientific knowledge development; strengthening the clarity of learning as a principle of didactics, due to the nature of the process of cognition, which begins with sensory perception, moves to abstract thinking, and from it to practice; development of student’s cognitive interests and abilities as a principle of didactics, which determines the most important motives for student learning (formation of cognitive interests occurs through two ways: through the material that constitutes the content of learning and organization of students cognitive activity); the use of virtual museums can affect students' visual and auditory memory; accelerating the pace of learning and memorizing learning material, which contributes to the strength of knowledge, expanding the cognitive interests of students; the intensification of students' independent work; the connection between theory and practice, which necessitates the reflection of two inextricably linked aspects of a single education process; individualization of learning. Conclusions. The virtual museum makes it possible to significantly supplement, expand, and deepen the content of the material studied in the curriculum. Using virtual museums, the teacher can best select educational material. Virtual museums allow in the simplest, most intelligible, and emotional way to transfer educational material, significantly enhance the mental activity of students, expand their worldview, and arouse special interest in a particular field of knowledge. For the use of virtual museums in the educational process to promote the development and formation of cognitive interests of students, the teacher must: select information to be presented with the help of virtual museum, by content and compose it in a composition so that it corresponds to the purpose, age, knowledge, and interests of students; the use heuristic methods in teaching educational material with the help of virtual museum; to organize by the specific interests of students various forms of independent work with the use of virtual museum (preferably in the form of educational projects).

Challenges and Solutions for Global Mormon History

Challenges and Solutions for Global Mormon History