Modern Work Research Articles

Egyedi mobilalkalmazások a kis- és középvállalkozások digitális átalakulásának motorjaként: A Z generáció elvárásainak kielégítése

The aim of the research is to investigate the impact of the automation of monotonous work processes (BPMs) on the operation of SMEs in Hajdú-Bihar, focusing on the change in the attractiveness of workplaces for Generation Z. In a case study, the effects of automating repetitive tasks in an SME were analysed by means of a test period and interviews. We found that automation significantly reduced labour demand and the number of errors, freeing up workers for more creative tasks. This change made the workplace more attractive to Generation Z, who now prefer a modern and efficient work environment. Automation has also improved business efficiency and results through labour savings and a reduction in error rates. Built-in controls and a dedicated mobile app have provided additional benefits such as strengthening the employer brand, creating a youthful image and a user-friendly interface. Interviews with participants showed that employees were more satisfied, motivated and engaged after automating monotonous tasks. Overall, the automation of monotonous BPMs is an effective tool to increase the competitiveness of SMEs, save labour and improve the attractiveness of jobs, opening up further digitisation opportunities for micro-enterprises.

Statistical analysis of work-life balance and job satisfaction: an empirical study of female employees in the cigarette industry

The concept of work-life balance has become increasingly popular in recent years. The demands of dedicating oneself to work, managing household responsibilities, and fulfilling non-work obligations have led many modern workers to adopt work-life balance strategies to harmonize their professional and personal lives. This study aims to analyze the effect of work-life balance on job satisfaction among female employees at Pitoe Cigarette Factory, Trenggalek. The research employed a simple linear regression analysis method, using data collected from questionnaires completed by 95 female employees as samples. The results of the simple linear regression test indicated a positive relationship between work-life balance and job satisfaction, with a p-value of 0.000, which is less than the significance threshold of 0.05. This finding demonstrates that improved work-life balance can contribute to increased job satisfaction among female employees. The coefficient of determination (R²) was found to be 0.413, indicating that 41.3% of the variation in job satisfaction is explained by work-life balance. Furthermore, the study revealed that both work-life balance and job satisfaction levels were categorized as moderate, suggesting the need for greater attention to managing the balance between work and personal life. These findings are expected to provide insights for Pitoe Cigarette Factory management and other companies in designing policies that support work-life balance, ultimately enhancing job satisfaction and productivity among female employees.

Laws about bodily damage originate from shared intuitions about the value of body parts.

From the biblical lex talionis to the medieval wergild system and modern workers' compensation laws, laws about bodily damage may originate from cognitive mechanisms that capitalize on an enduring regularity: Different body parts vary in their incremental contributions to human functionality. To evaluate this hypothesis, we conducted a preregistered study with materials based on five legal codes from highly diverse cultures and historical eras: the Law of Æthelberht (Kent, approximately 600 CE), the Guta lag (Gotland, approximately 1220 CE), and workers' compensation laws from the United States, the Republic of Korea, and the United Arab Emirates; and 614 laypeople from the United States and India. The data indicate ordinal agreement in the values attached to body parts by ancient and modern lawmakers, as well as by laypeople in the United States and India. The observed agreement across time, space, and levels of legal expertise suggests that laws about bodily damage originate from shared intuitions about the value of body parts.

Analysis of successful practices and determination of promising directions for implementing innovations in the sphere of housing and communal services in Russia

Since the key direction of modern development is the introduction of digital technologies in order to optimise all the aspects of economic activity, the main focus of the work is aimed at analysing the current state and prospects for the introduction of innovations in the housing and utilities sector (here-inafter referred to as HUS) from the point of view of digitalisation of the industry. To achieve this goal, we have used the analysis of statistical data in the context of the economic activities to determine the current level of innovative development of the HUS of Russia as well as individual indicators of the distribution and effectiveness of applying digital solutions in the industry. In the course of the work, it has been found that it significantly lags behind the average Russian indicators of innovation of innovative activity of companies, expenses on innovations as well as of modern products, works, and services. In the formation of the Russian “industry 4.0”, the HUS also demonstrates a significant lag in the development. The use of the most advanced and promising digital technologies is at an extremely low level, and the digital solutions applied in the activities of companies in the industry demonstrate extremely low efficiency rates, and most of them have virtually no significant impact on the work of the organisations. We believe that the negative experience of investing in the digital infrastructure is the reason for low involvement of the HUS companies in the fourth industrial revolution and low indicators of the innovative development on a national scale.

Practical guide for assessing the need for conservation or modernization of roads in Mexico

Given the accelerated deterioration of the road network in Mexico, the proposed guide presents a rigorous methodological approach that facilitates decision-making between the conservation and modernization of road segments, ensuring their functionality and safety. Developed in response to the concerning state of the National Road Network (RNC), this guide combines documentary research with field evaluations, providing a robust technical tool for engineers and technicians to make informed decisions. It is based on key indicators such as signage, pavement condition, and geometric design. To validate its application, a case study was conducted on a road section in the Municipality of Valle de Bravo, State of Mexico, demonstrating the importance of implementing modernization work when conditions require it. This guide establishes itself as an indispensable tool for the strategic management of road infrastructure, optimizing resource allocation and ensuring that Mexican roads meet the demands of transportation, with a focus on safety and efficiency.

Regulation of Working Time in the Context of the Global Transition to Flexible Forms of Work

This study explores the impact of remote and hybrid work models, accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic, on working time regulations in Ukraine. It aims to assess how these changes affect working hours and propose legal reforms to enhance work-life balance and productivity. The study employs a range of research methods, including analysis to assess changes in work patterns, synthesis to integrate various perspectives, and induction and deduction to develop theoretical and practical insights. It examines changes in work schedules and evaluates existing regulations, using analytical methods to assess trends in flexible working hours and identify areas for improvement. The shift to remote and hybrid work challenges existing laws, particularly regarding fairness and workers' rights. It highlights the need for legal reforms to address these new work models. The study comes to the conclusion that Ukraine needs to update its working time laws to align with modern work practices. Existing regulations fail to ensure fairness and flexibility for workers, making legislative changes essential to accommodate remote and hybrid work environments. The findings recommend reforming Ukrainian legislation to strike a balance between flexibility and fairness, thereby promoting a healthier work-life balance and enhancing overall productivity in the evolving work landscape.

FRACTALITY OF ARTISTIC REALITY IN THE NOVEL «DESPAIR» BY VLADIMIR NABOKOV

The article examines the fractal nature of artistic reality in the novel «Despair» by Vladimir Nabokov. Fractality can be traced at the plot, narrative, and motivational levels of the artistic system. Despite the fact that realism is based on the mimetic principle, we will not find the fractal nature of artistic reality in the material of the vast majority of works that differ in the linear structure of the text, implying a beginning and an end. Fractality begins to manifest itself clearly in the works of modernism, which is due to the search for a new aesthetic. In the novel «Despair», we are dealing with a decentered text in which multilevel semantic labyrinths twist into complex patterns. The novel translates the idea of the similarity of a part to the whole, where various artistic images and events act as the first, and the second is Vladimir Nabokov’s hyperreality without beginning and end, “without referent and limit” within which, all objects and phenomena are permanently repeated, causing the effect of self–similarity of the artistic space. The images resemble their own faded copies, which lack the originals a priori. This is due to the author’s game strategy, which depicts not objects of the real world, but a simulated world of dolls and decorations, the ontological basis of which is the field of pure aesthetics.

Bronchopulmonary pathology among egg poultry workers

Introduction. Poultry farming is one of the leading branches of agriculture, whose workers work under the influence of various factors that have a sensitizing, fibrogenic and toxic effect on the respiratory system. Materials and methods. As part of a cross-sectional study, the incidence of diseases of the respiratory system, medical and social factors of life, and the state of the respiratory system in one hundred thirty five egg poultry workers were studied. A hygienic assessment of the factors of the working environment and the labour process was carried out. The results of the study were statistically processed using the Statistica 10 software. Results. The air condition of the working area at the enterprise under study was established to meet sanitary and hygienic requirements. A high incidence of chronic bronchitis and a significant prevalence of respiratory dysfunction in egg poultry workers have been detected. With an increase in work experience, there is a decrease in the indices of external respiratory function and an increase in the level of allergic mood of the body of employees of the main occupationso. The use of smoking tobacco products is not a priority risk factor in the formation of diseases in workers of the main poultry farming occupations. Taking into account the results obtained it is planned to continue research on the study of working conditions that are risk factors for violations of the state of the respiratory system in egg poultry workers and the mechanism of their formation. Limitations. The study has regional (Saratov region) and occupational (poultry farm workers) limitations. Conclusion. The concentration of the dust in the air of the working area in workers in the main occupations of egg poultry does not exceed acceptable values. At the same time, a high incidence of chronic bronchitis was revealed, as well as a significant prevalence of respiratory dysfunction in workers, which is associated with an increase in occupational experience. The results of the assessment of the state of the respiratory system determine the expediency of studying modern working conditions in egg poultry workers and their influence on the formtation of bronchopulmonary pathology.

High-Tech Based Disruptive Innovation Model (Case Study Di Stie El’fatah Manado)

The main objective of this study is to analyze and describe a high-tech-based disruptive innovation model, focusing on network infrastructure availability and leadership strengthening. This was conducted through a qualitative descriptive approach, utilizing direct observation and in-depth interviews with five informants to address issues related to weak initiatives in implementing high-tech-based disruptive innovation models, with data analysis techniques using triangulation. This research resulted in a high-tech-based disruptive innovation model as a form of transformation and innovation in information services, shifting from conventional to digital by integrating three areas of information services: Education to Citizen (EdtoC), Education to Entrepreneurship (EdtoE), and Education to Education (EdtoEd). The conclusions drawn indicate that a high-tech-based disruptive innovation model within the realms of Education to Citizen (EdtoC), Education to Entrepreneurship (EdtoE), and Education to Education (EdtoEd) enables educational institutions to explore new opportunities, test ideas, and face emerging competition on the global landscape through adequate network infrastructure availability, political will, and strong leadership. These factors help in addressing issues of coordination, communication, and synchronization to foster a more modern work culture. The implications of this disruptive innovation model perspective provide an operational concept that integrates cyber technology for strategic decision-making processes, meeting the aspects of confirmability and transferability, ensuring that it can be applied in other settings.

INNOVATIVE COMPONENT OF THE SOCIAL AND LABOR POTENTIAL OF THE CARPATHIAN REGION AS A TOURIST REGION: PRIORITIES AND PROSPECTS FOR DEVELOPMENT

Based on an analysis of various approaches to understanding labor potential, this article presents a unique definition of socio-labor potential. It is conceptualized as a combination of the capabilities, resources, and characteristics of the economically active population that enable their participation in labor activities, the creation of material and intangible goods, and contributions to socio-economic development. The article proposes a component-based structure of socio-labor potential, with a particular emphasis on its innovative dimension. This dimension is defined as the population's readiness and ability to adapt to change, adopt new technologies, apply modern work approaches, and actively engage in digital transformation. Its significance for the development of tourism regions is illustrated using the Prykarpattia region of Ukraine as a case study. To detail the innovative dimension of socio-labor potential in the Prykarpattia region, specific types of activities contributing to the generation and application of innovative resources, opportunities, knowledge, and technologies were identified. These activities, which enhance the efficiency and development of human resources, include professional, scientific, and technical work, education, information services, and telecommunications. Collectively, they are categorized as the intellectual services sector, which plays a key role in shaping the innovative component of socio-labor potential. Innovations related to labor organization, professional training, human resource management, and the integration of digital and environmentally oriented technologies into labor practices are highlighted as pivotal in boosting productivity. An analysis of the structure and employment trends within the intellectual services sector has revealed key trends and challenges in Prykarpattia’s innovative development. The article identifies strategic priorities for the formation and effective utilization of the innovative component of socio-labor potential. These priorities encompass advancements in technological, socio-cultural, educational-professional, institutional, and human resource management innovations. They are framed within the context of addressing the challenges of wartime and supporting Ukraine's post-war recovery, emphasizing the potential for sustainable and transformative regional growth.

Psychological and Economic Dimensions of Gig Economy and Freelancing: Challenges and Opportunities in Modern Working Models

Psychological and Economic Dimensions of Gig Economy and Freelancing: Challenges and Opportunities in Modern Working Models

ON THE ISSUE OF INDEPENDENT EXTRACOURSE WORK IN MODERN HIGHER SCHOOLS (on the example of training document scholars)

ON THE ISSUE OF INDEPENDENT EXTRACOURSE WORK IN MODERN HIGHER SCHOOLS (on the example of training document scholars)

The fate of Philologus: learning and prattle in early modern religious dialogue

ABSTRACT This article examines a number of early modern dialogic works – two by Thomas Fuller and William Nicholls in close detail – in which an antagonistic interlocutor is named ’Philologus‘. Finding a classical precedent in the pastiche of ’aliquis philologus‘ in Seneca’s letters, the article traces how the Philologi came to characterise a certain form of ’learned prattle‘, or an erudite verbosity. Moving through popular Tudor satire and moral drama to contentious and confessionalised seventeenth-century erudition, the article shows how as the seventeenth century progressed, the name ’Philologus‘ came to be associated with the practices and abuses of formal, Latinate ’philology‘, in particular learned criticism of the Bible. What appears by the end of the century is an attempt to undercut the more dangerous arguments of philology – in particular those of Thomas Hobbes and Baruch Spinoza – by associating them with the trope of the ’learned prattler’, whose immoderate word-loving fundamentally compromised his character and scholarship.

Challenges of modern work environments and means of overcoming them in the context of psychosocial risk assessments

BackgroundModern work environments constitute an underrepresented part of psychosocial risk assessments at work. Little is known about whether there is an increased stress load at all and what possible improvements could be made in such a case.MethodsModern work environments were assessed in an online questionnaire in 33 companies across a period of more than 4 years. A total of 3431 employees participated in the study. Both quantitative and qualitative data was applied to obtain a differentiated picture.ResultsIncreased stress caused by modern work environments was an issue for around a third of the sample. 31.6% of the participants at least sometimes struggled to balance work and private life. Quite a few of the participants (36.3%) worked sometimes or more outside regular working hours. For 32.4% of participants, the workload has increased due to new technologies, but for 30.4% it has not. The majority (81.4%) feel they can work productively in home offices. The data from 178 completed free text fields on improving modern work environments from the employees’ perspective was analysed. Many named suggestions relate to improvements in time management.ConclusionThis study provides both detailed insights into various aspects of modern work environments and offers solutions to counteract possible negative consequences. Assessing modern work environments in psychosocial risk assessments would be a valuable addition to its completeness.

Неореалізм у літературі ХХ століття: проблеми термінологічного визначення та рецепції в Україні

The stylistic trend of neorealism developed in many countries throughout the 20th century – from the era of decadence to the postmodern period. This development is related to new modernist trends and ideas, not just classical realism. The purpose of the study: to introduce the concept of "neorealism" into a wider context. The theoretical basis is the historical-literary analysis and comparative comparison (comparative-typological and receptological methods). The influence of realist traditions is undeniable in the early works of the avant-garde James Joyce and even in the search for a new manner of prose writing – "stream of consciousness" – in "Ulysses". Vivid examples of the complex interaction of the realistic tradition of the 19th century and modern ideas are the works of Luigi Pirandello, Thomas Mann, and other modernists. The new philosophical foundation of realism in the 20th century is modern "philosophy of life" and existentialist philosophy. Italian neorealism as an independent stylistic trend began to emerge already in the period of the approach of the Second World War and immediately after it, when it received recognition in criticism. Italian criticism gave this current the name "neorealism", borrowing from philosophy and considering the bygone era of realism. In the middle of the 20th century the development of neorealism is conditioned by the crisis state of culture in post-totalitarian societies, primarily by the need to overcome totalitarian myths and stereotypes of the mass consciousness, caused by the dominance of propaganda and political or aesthetic dogmatism. Neorealist art is connected with the development of mass culture. However, true neorealist art was not able to overcome totalitarian prejudices and stereotypes everywhere. The revival of imperial totalitarian ideology in modern Russia is connected with the "dying" of neorealism in the 1950s and 1980s. In the literature of the former USSR, neorealism opposed socialist realism. Officially declared in the totalitarian world under the control of the Soviet Union, the trend of social realism purely formally declared the principles of realistic art, in particular "the true reflection of life", but had nothing to do with neorealism, except for the external entourage and declarations.

Tinjauan Literatur Sistematis: Hubungan antara Technostress dengan Burnout

This systematic literature review investigates the relationship between technostress and burnout in various organizational and educational contexts. Technostress arises from excessive or imbalanced use of information technology in work or learning environments, which can adversely affect individuals' psychological well-being. Burnout, on the other hand, is a consequence of chronic stress experienced in work or educational settings. The study involves systematic steps in searching, selecting, evaluating, and synthesizing relevant literature from academic databases and other sources. Findings from the literature review reveal that technostress factors such as techno-overload, techno-invasion, techno-complexity, and others significantly contribute to individuals' levels of burnout. Recommendations for future research include the need for a mixed methods approach integrating quantitative and qualitative methods to gain deeper understanding, as well as longitudinal studies to track the development of technostress and burnout over time. This research provides a strong foundation for the development of effective policies and management practices aimed at reducing the negative impacts of technostress and enhancing individual well-being in modern work and educational environments.

Designing work for healthy sleep: A multidimensional, latent transition approach to employee sleep health.

Healthy sleep is essential to employee well-being and productivity, but many modern workers do not obtain adequate sleep. Are technology-related changes to job design (i.e., computer use, sedentary work, nontraditional work schedules) related to long-term worsening of employee sleep health? The present study seeks to address this question using nationally representative data from the Midlife in the United States study, which includes detailed information on sleep duration, regularity, sleep onset latency, insomnia symptoms, napping, and daytime tiredness from full-time workers (N = 1,297) at two time points separated by approximately 10 years. Using latent transition analysis to consider how these sleep health dimensions co-occur, we identify three multidimensional sleep health phenotypes at both time points: good sleepers, catch-up sleepers, and insomnia sleepers. Sedentary work is linked to the insomnia sleeper phenotype. Nontraditional work schedules are linked to the catch-up sleeper phenotype. These findings test assumptions of modern models of job design regarding the impact of technology on employee sleep health and advance measurement of sleep health in the organizational sciences to be multidimensional and dynamic. Further, results point to specific sleep needs in the working adult population and identify potential points of intervention via job design. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Work Without Workers: Commemoration as Repression in the Construction of Brasilia (1950s–1970s)

ABSTRACT: The construction of Brasilia (1956-1960) was followed by a gradual process of attempted eviction of the construction workers that had built the city from the ground up. Known as candangos , the construction workers were celebrated as modern workers and simultaneously despised as unable to become modern citizens. They wanted to inhabit the city they had built. However, the government never conceived them as Brasilia's potential inhabitants and ignored their claims to land and city rights. This article explores unexamined archival material and non-fictional literary works from the 1950s-1970s to disentangle soft-power strategies carried out to silence the candangos, while seemingly commemorating their construction feat. Combining theories of developmentalism, monument conservation and defacement, labor, and protest, the article argues that the Brazilian government and private companies ultimately conceived the construction of Brasilia as a utopia of work without workers. It also asserts that Brasilia was a paradigmatic case showing that the history of modern commemoration is inherently linked to the history of modern silencing and repression.

Eco-Criticism in Contemporary English Literature: Nature as a Narrative Force

Eco-criticism, an interdisciplinary framework that explores the intersection of literature and environmental concerns, has gained prominence in contemporary English literature. This paper delves into the evolution and impact of eco-criticism, focusing on how nature functions as a dynamic narrative force within modern literary works. By examining key texts, the study highlights the shift from anthropocentric storytelling to narratives that foreground ecological perspectives, emphasizing the symbiotic relationship between humans and the environment.The research investigates recurring themes such as environmental degradation, climate change, and ecological justice, revealing how authors employ literary devices to critique unsustainable practices and advocate for environmental stewardship. Central to this exploration is the recognition of nature not merely as a backdrop but as an active participant shaping plotlines, character arcs, and thematic structures. The study underscores the increasing prevalence of eco-centric worldviews, where nature's agency challenges traditional hierarchies and compels a reimagining of humanity’s place in the biosphere.Furthermore, the paper addresses the role of postcolonial and feminist eco-criticism, which interrogate intersections of ecological and social oppression, offering nuanced readings of literary texts. By situating eco-criticism within the broader context of global environmental discourse, this research illuminates its potential to inspire cultural and ethical transformations.The findings assert that contemporary English literature, through its engagement with eco-critical paradigms, serves as a powerful medium to foster ecological consciousness and resilience. This review ultimately advocates for continued scholarly inquiry into eco-criticism, emphasizing its relevance in addressing the urgent environmental challenges of our time.

Positioning and Digitalisation of Tunnel Formworks – The path to automation and a modern working environment

Positioning and Digitalisation of Tunnel Formworks – The path to automation and a modern working environment