Sexual Harassment Research Articles

An examination of sexual coercion experiences among Latinx female college students

ABSTRACT The current study examined sexual coercion among Latinx female college students in New York City. It identified frequently reported sexual coercion tactics and disclosure behaviours, delineating these experiences by race and cultural values. Latinx women (N = 158) from several public colleges were surveyed, and 49.4% (n = 78) experienced sexual coercion – with most reporting helplessness tactics (39.2%; n = 62). No differences were found among race, although this sample of Black Latinx students endorsed coercion more often than non-Black students. Most participants sought informal support, and specifically disclosed to a female friend (82.9%, n = 34). Lastly, attitudes toward familism and religiosity did not affect disclosure in this sample. These findings highlight the nuances of young Latinx women’s sexual experiences and have implications for sexual violence education for Latinx youth. It also has implications for college mental health professionals working with Latinx students with histories of sexual coercion. PRACTICE IMPACT STATEMENT Due to the nature of negative sexual experiences experienced among youth, sexual education curriculum and prevention training in educational institutions must emphasise the importance of sexual consent and identifying appropriate and inappropriate sexual advances. Curriculum must be tailored towards the demographics and respective potential cultural contexts of school district populations. College mental health professionals should be properly trained on how sexual coercion manifests in college-age relationships in addition to current training on identifying sexual harassment, sexual assault, and alcohol/drug induced rape.

The Prevalence of Sexual Harassment and Bullying Among Norwegian Afghanistan Veterans: Does Workplace Harassment Disproportionately Impact the Mental Health and Life Satisfaction of Female Soldiers?

Experiencing sexual harassment and bullying during military service can lead to negative consequences for a soldier's mental health and life satisfaction, including increased risk of depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress. No studies have to date investigated the prevalence and correlates of sexual harassment and bullying among Norwegian Afghanistan veterans, despite the increased global focus on these topics. In 2020, 6,205 Norwegian Afghanistan veterans (8.3% women) completed an online post-deployment survey, including questions about experiences of sexual harassment, bullying, mental health, and life satisfaction. Compared to their male counterparts, female veterans experienced significantly more sexual harassment and bullying during Afghanistan deployment (3.2% vs. 0.04% for experiencing sexual harassment, and 4.0% vs. 1.0% for bullying) and during other military services (14.3% vs. 0.4% for sexual harassment, and 15.9% vs. 3.7% for bullying). Sexual harassment was associated with younger age and experiencing childhood sexual harassment for both women and men, with men also having longer deployments. Bullying was associated with longer deployments and childhood sexual harassment for women, while men who reported bullying more often had longer deployments, held an officer rank, were less inclined to have a spouse/intimate partner, and reported childhood sexual harassment and bullying. Both sexual harassment and bullying were associated with increased risk of mental health problems and reduced life satisfaction for women, but this was only true for bullying among men. Despite lower reported rates of workplace harassment compared to studies from other cultures, this study demonstrates that sexual harassment and bullying in the military can negatively impact soldiers' mental health and life satisfaction. Notably, female veterans' mental health and life satisfaction appear to be particularly affected by sexual harassment during military service, an association not seen in males. This underscores the need for gender-specific, cultural, and context-sensitive prevention and support for workplace harassment experiences.

INFLUENCE OF PATHOLOGICAL NARCISISM, INDECENT DRESSING AND LEARNED HELPLESSNESS ON SEXUAL HARASSMENT EXPERIENCE AMONG UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS IN FEDERAL UNIVERSITY, OYE-EKITI, NIGERIA

This study was conducted to examine the influence of pathological narcissism, indecent dressing, and learned helplessness on the experience of sexual harassment among students of the Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Nigeria. The study adopted the correlational research design and was guided by three research questions. It involved 284 undergraduate students between the ages of 16 and 21 who were selected through stratified random sampling using the stratum of faculty. Pathological Narcissism Inventory (α=.94), The Learned Helplessness Scale (α=.91) Indecent Dressing Measure (α=.90) and Sexual Harassment Scale (α=.88) were used as measuring instruments. The data were analysed using the Pearson Product Moment Correlation and multiple regression. The results showed that narcissistic (r(284)= .372; p<1), narcissistic vulnerability (r(284)= .339; p<1), indecent dressing(r(284)= .408 p<1), and learned helplessness (r(284)= .314 p<1) positively correlated with sexual harassment. The three main predictor variables together accounted for 31% of the total variance in sexual harassment (F(4,283) = 32.858; R= .566; R2= .320; Adj. R2=.310; P<.01). In addition, the three independent variables individualistically contributed to predicting sexual harassment: learned helplessness (β=.079; t=3.036, P<.01); indecent dressing (β=.160; t=6.767, P<.01); narcissistic grandiosity (β= .184; t= 4.329, P<.01); and narcissistic vulnerability (β=.063; t=2.068, P<.05). The three independent variables explored in this study are sufficiently forceful to influence sexual harassment among undergraduates. Therefore, the study concluded that sexual harassment among undergraduates can be reduced when behaviour change agents take into account the variables considered in this study while diagnosing and preferring solutions to vulnerability to sexual harassment on campuses.

National science foundation grant awardees' perspectives on Article X and sexual harassment in science.

Federal scientific agencies seek to make an impact on the continued prevalence of sexual harassment in the scientific academic community beyond institutional self-regulation. The National Science Foundation's Article X, released in 2018, is one of the most significant and ambitious federal policy initiatives to address sexual harassment. The present article presents the results of the first study to examine scientists' knowledge and attitudes about this important recent policy. We found, although overall knowledge about Article X was fairly low, the majority of participants responded positively to it. Crucially, impressions of the policy varied based on past experience and demographic factors. Individuals who had experienced harassment in the past year were less likely to believe the policy would help reduce sexual harassment in the sciences compared to those who had not experienced harassment (OR = 0.47, 95% CI:0.23-0.97, p = .034) and had greater odds of endorsing that the policy failed to go far enough (OR = 2.77, 95% CI:1.15-6.66, p = .023). Associations between demographic factors and views of the policy were less pronounced, but it is notable that, compared to their White counterparts, Black participants were more likely to believe the policy went too far (OR = 5.87, 95% CI:1.04-33.17, p = .045). Additionally, concerns were raised about the institutional enforcement of these policies and the existence of sufficient protections for survivors. Our work has implications for NSF's continued evaluation of the efficacy of this program as well as for other federal agencies implementing or considering similar policies.

Corporate Social Advocacy Communication Style on #TBSFightForSisterhood on Instagram

Over the past years, companies have taken a new kind of social stand and publicly spoken on issues unrelated to their core business activities. The topics about gender equality rights or sexual harassment have become one of the main focuses on the corporate agenda, and companies have started advocating those issues actively. This phenomenon is then called corporate activism. This study discusses The Body Shop Indonesia's (TBSI) communication style in voicing corporate activism or corporate social advocacy through #TBSFightForSisterhood on Instagram. TBSI is engaging in corporate activism by addressing and advocating for controversial socio-political issues. This qualitative analysis study explores the themes The Body Shop Indonesia covers in its CSA communication and how The Body Shop frames CSA communication on Instagram. The analysis method used is visual and textual content analysis on Instagram. This study identified four communication frames in The Body Shop’s posts: informative, mobilizing, participatory, and aspirational. In conclusion, the most used communication style is informational, followed by mobilization, participation, and aspiration.

CRITIQUING DELEGATED LEGISLATION ON PREVENTING SEXUAL HARASSMENT OF WOMEN IN INDIAN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

Sexual harassment of women in the workplace is a serious issue in India, affecting all social and professional sectors, including elite higher education institutions. This problem violates women's fundamental rights to equality and livelihood, breaches professional ethics, and hampers the productivity and potential of many academics. Although the Indian Parliament enacted a comprehensive law in 2013 to address sexual harassment at workplaces, the implementation, especially in educational institutions, is flawed due to bureaucratic inefficiencies. There is a lack of unbiased analysis on how delegated regulations by administrative authorities undermine the law's intent. This research article conducts a legal analysis of the law's implementation in higher educational institutions, using doctrinal research methodology. It identifies subjective and ultra vires provisions introduced by ideologically driven bureaucrats that compromise the law's validity and effectiveness. The study highlights deviations in delegated legislation from the original law and suggests corrective measures to address significant flaws in the regulations framed by the University Grants Commission.

The Determinants Of Counterproductive Work Behaviour: A Concept Paper

For the past few years, counterproductive work behaviour (CWB) cases among workforces have been on the rise. Although CWB easily goes unnoticeable in many organizations, absenteeism, sexual harassment, workplace bullying, sabotage and theft signified CWB at workplaces. Regardless of forms, CWB are harmful to the organization or fellow employees and undermine the goals and interests of a business. As present workplaces see spikes in CWB occurrences, many employers are fearful that their employees are much more likely to engage in any CWB which is why understanding the determinants of CWB is gaining importance. The Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model has been repeatedly used in explaining the well-being and performance of employees in occupational settings. The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the JD-R model, which incorporates job demand and job resources as the determinants along with CWB as the behavioural stress reaction. This study adds value to the existing knowledge by developing a conceptual understanding that determinants of CWB at workplace is context-specific from the manufacturing industry lens. To the fact employees are an important asset in today's increasingly competitive business environment, a review of counterproductive behaviour at the workplace is deemed appropriate.

Peran Mediasi Minat dalam Pembelian Produk Rabbani: Perspektif Plan of Behaviour Theory

This research is motivated by the way women dress that is the cause of sexual harassment. So that the research aims to determine the Effect Analysis of Halal Lifestyle, Price, and Word Of Mouth on Purchase Decisions on Rabbani Products in Salatiga with an Interest as an Intervening Variable. This study used a quantitative method by processing primary data through questionnaires which were distributed to users of Rabbani products in Salatiga as many as 193 respondents using a purposive sampling technique. The analytical tool used in this study is SmartPLS 4.The results of this study indicate that: halal lifestyle, price and word of mouth have a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions. The interest variable has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions. Halal lifestyle, word of mouth has a positive and significant effect on interest. The price variable has a positive and insignificant effect on purchasing decisions. The interest variable can mediate the halal lifestyle variable, word of mouth on purchasing decisions. Interest cannot mediate price on purchasing decisions.

A Study on Unconscious Bias and Sexual harassment of subordinates create Negative Impact on the effeciency of the leadership of women leaders

A Study on Unconscious Bias and Sexual harassment of subordinates create Negative Impact on the effeciency of the leadership of women leaders

Attentional discrimination and victim testimony

ABSTRACT Sometimes, a form of discrimination is hard to register, understand, and articulate. A rich precedent demonstrates how victim testimonies have been key in uncovering such “hidden” forms of discrimination, from sexual harassment to microaggressions. I reflect on how this plausibly goes too for “attentional discrimination”, referring to cases where the more meaningful attributes of one social group are made salient in attention in contrast to the less meaningful attributes of another. Victim testimonies understandably dominate the “context-of-discovery” stage of research into these initially opaque forms of discrimination; a victim’s encounter with the gap between their experience and dominant conceptual frameworks for understanding it is what provides an initial foothold for analysis to begin. Some object, however, to this methodology continuing to dominate the later “context-of-justification” stage, where the hypothesis is rigorously challenged. I argue that this objection underestimates not just how other methodologies are more likely to inherit the various mechanisms of invisibility hiding the discrimination in question, but also how victim testimonies are distinctively well-suited to recognize and challenge those mechanisms. Victim testimonies, then, ought to continue playing a dominant role into these later stages of research regarding hidden forms of discrimination.

Victimized Teachers’ Perceptions of Procedural Justice and the Impact on Satisfaction with School Responses

ABSTRACT Victimization of teachers is an area of growing concern for administrators and policymakers. Recent research has increased the understanding of the prevalence and negative consequences of teacher victimization; however, one gap in the literature involves understanding the quality of treatment when victimizations are reported to school administrators. The present research attempts to fill the gap by applying procedural justice theory to understand how elements of school responses to victimization events affect teachers’ satisfaction with the process. Data from teachers among 50 largest school districts across the nation were used to identify 636 theft, sexual harassment, and physical assault incidents reported to school administration. Teachers’ satisfaction with the school response was modeled using measures derived from distributive and procedural justice theoretical frameworks applied to administrator actions. Results indicate that procedural justice is an important dimension of school response and influential on teachers’ reported satisfaction with how victimization events were handled.

Redressing sexual harassment at work: Using pressure, disorganisation and regulatory failure to advance theoretical understanding

This article focuses on a significant psychosocial hazard – sexual harassment. It advances the existing body of theory on the antecedents of sexual harassment by drawing on the pressure, disorganisation and regulatory failure (PDR) framework. In doing so, it develops hypotheses about how the PDR variables contribute to sexual harassment and proposes a research agenda to empirically test them. An improved understanding of the influence of PDR on sexual harassment will also enable an examination of the effectiveness of recent regulatory changes designed to address this destructive and costly problem in Australia, and highlight areas requiring additional intervention.

Fear of Sexual Victimization in Metaverse: A Comparison of Adolescent and Adult Female Users.

Metaverse platforms have gained worldwide popularity in recent years. This increase in popularity has also heightened safety concerns, as virtual sexual assault against children and the youth is on the rise. The issue of sexual abuse in the metaverse is becoming increasingly controversial due to the gaps in the current regulatory framework that result from the uncertain consequences of such virtual crimes. Drawing on an online survey of female users of Zepeto (n = 343), a metaverse social network platform where users interact with others while creating personalized avatars and virtual spaces, this study aims to explore how female users interpret the risk of sexual harassment in Zepeto, examining the triggers of emotional distress and behavioral change that result from such risk assessments by users. It investigates how these interpretations and responses vary depending on their sense of presence and engagement in the virtual environment and identification with their avatars and how all these processes differ between adolescent and adult female users. Overall, this study provides insights into the complex dynamics of virtual victimization. The findings could inform the development of regulatory frameworks that protect users from virtual sexual assault and create a safer environment for all users, especially the youngest generations.

Commission of POCSO Offences by Juveniles

India is the largest country with different cultures and a large population. A large population includes men, women, and children. Children were considered as the backbone of our country. However, a large number of children were sexually exploited. To deal with such cases Indian Government made a special law namely, the POCSO (Protection of Children sexual assault and sexual harassment. This article mainly discusses the POCSO offences, acts, and the POCSO offences done by juveniles.

Nilai-nilai Karakter Hamba Tuhan Berdasarkan Surat Titus 1:5,8

In this increasingly advanced world, the role of pastors is crucial. They must be extra striving to shepherd their congregation. However, today there are more or less servants of God who actually live in sin. One of them is in the sin of sexual harassment. This will cause the congregation to find it very difficult to trust the current pastor. And this will actually affect the growth of their faith. To answer the above problems, the author uses a qualitative descriptive method with a literature study approach. The results of the study show that the pastor can carry out his duties well and with integrity by maintaining a wise, fair character, and also maintaining the holiness of his own life.

Perceptions of lecturers and students regarding discriminatory experiences and sexual harassment in academic medicine – results from a faculty-wide quantitative study

BackgroundDiscrimination and sexual harassment are prevalent in higher education institutions and can affect students, faculty members and employees. Herein the aim was to assess the extent of discriminatory experiences and sexual harassment of students and lecturers at one of the largest teaching hospitals in Europe. We analyze whether there are differences between lecturers and students, different study programs as well as sex/gender differences.MethodsIn an interdisciplinary, iterative process, a semi-standardized questionnaire was developed and sent to N = 7095 students (S) of all study programs and N = 2528 lecturers (L) at Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany. The study was conducted from November 2018 to February 2019. Besides a broad range of questions on sociodemographic background allowing for diversity sensitive data analysis, they were asked if they had witnessed and/or experienced any form of discrimination or sexual harassment at the medical faculty, if yes, how often, the perceived reasons, situational factors and perpetrators.ResultsThe response rate was 14% (n = 964) for students and 11% (n = 275) for lecturers. A proportion of 49.6% of students (L: 31%) reported that they have witnessed and/or experienced discriminatory behavior. Sexual harassment was witnessed and/or experienced by 23.6% of students (L: 19.2%). Lecturers (85.9%) were identified as the main source of discriminatory behavior by students. Directors/supervisors (47.4%) were stated as the main source of discriminatory behavior by lecturers. As the most frequent perceived reason for discriminatory experiences sex/gender (S: 71%; L: 60.3%) was reported. Women and dental students experienced more discriminatory behavior and sexual harassment.ConclusionsDiscriminatory behavior is experienced by a significant number of students and lecturers, with power structures having a relevant impact. Dental students and women appear to be particularly exposed. Specific institutional measures, such as training programs for lecturers and students are necessary to raise awareness and provide resources. Furthermore, national preventive strategies should be thoroughly implemented to fight discrimination and harassment at the workplace.

“Pro Gamers” & Cyberbullying: Workplace bullying & sexual harassment in professional video gaming

As Esports grows rapidly, it is imperative to understand cyberbullying in the professional video game playing context, including those who are most vulnerable to cyberbullying. It is predicted that professional women players would experience more cyberbullying and consequently have adverse effects on their mental health. Participants (N = 145) were collected from around the world (n = 14 countries) and completed a 10-minute online survey. Path analysis demonstrated that being a woman is a significant predictor of a particular type of cyberbullying (sexual harassment) which in turn also predicts mental health outcomes. Further, the degree to which a player treats gaming as a job (i.e., level of gaming professionalism) is a significant predictor of overall cyberbullying, and that cyberbullying subsequently predicts mental health outcomes. This study suggests the virtual workplace for professional players is unsafe, and further research is required to better understand how to protect these vulnerable workers from harm.

What can nudging offer to reduce workplace sexual harassment? A conceptual review

This paper examines workplace sexual harassment and looks into why workplace sexual harassment remains a pervasive, underappreciated problem in the United States and outlines the limitations of existing controls of sexual harassment at work, namely sexual harassment policies, awareness training, and grievance procedures. Based on these limitations, it reflects on the current definitions of sexual harassment and introduces the concept of nudging to support the preventive and corrective measures already adopted to reduce workplace sexual harassment. It provides a conceptual framework of nudges that might be effective in reducing incidents of sexual harassment. The eight types of nudges that form the framework are grouped into five overall categories depending on who a nudge is for: top, middle, and line management, harassers, observers, victims, and society. This paper is first to conceptualize nudging as a supportive mechanism to traditional management control systems in the context of workplace sexual harassment.

Sexual harassment and implicit gender-career biases negatively impact women’s life expectancy in the US: a state-level analysis, 2011–2019

BackgroundDespite some gains, women continue to have less access to work and poorer experiences in the workplace, relative to men. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among women’s life expectancy and two work-related factors, sexual harassment and gender-career biases.MethodWe examined the associations at the state level of analysis (and District of Columbia) in the US from 2011 to 2019 (n = 459) using archival data from various sources. Measures of the ratio of population to primary health providers, year, the percent of adults who are uninsured, the percent of residents aged 65 or older, and percent of residents who are Non-Hispanic White all served as controls.ResultsResults of linear regression models showed that, after accounting for the controls, sexual harassment and gender-career biases among people in the state held significant, negative associations with women’s life expectancy.ConclusionThe study contributes to the small but growing literature showing that negative workplace experiences and bias against women in the workplace negatively impact women’s health.

The workplace culture, mental health and wellbeing of early- and mid-career health academics: a cross-sectional analysis

There are reports of poor working conditions for early and mid-career academics (EMCAs) in universities, however, empirical data using validated tools are scarce. We conducted an online, cross-sectional survey using validated tools to assess workplace satisfaction, exposure to workplace abuse, and mental health. Participants included employees of medical and health faculties of two of the largest Australian universities, surveyed between October 2020 and January 2021.Overall, 284 participants responded. Many reported job insecurity: half (50.7%) working on contracts with less than one remaining year. Workloads were considerable, with 89.5% of participants working overtime and 54.8% reporting burnout. Workplace abuse in the forms of bullying (46.6%), sexual harassment (25.3%), sexism (49.8%) and racism (22.5%) were commonly reported. Clinically significant symptoms of depression (28.0%), anxiety (21.7%) and suicidal ideation or self-harm (13.6%) were reported; with a higher prevalence among those working more overtime, and those exposed to workplace abuse. Priorities include providing a stable and safe workplace, increasing accountability and transparency in addressing workplace abuse, and supporting professional development.In summary, EMCAs in our study were commonly exposed to precarious employment conditions and workplace abuse. Our findings provide empirical evidence on where universities and funding bodies should direct resources and change organisational risk factors, to improve workplace culture.