Workload Pressures Research Articles

Beyond emergency remote teaching: did the pandemic lead to lasting change in university courses?

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly disrupted traditional methods of teaching and learning within higher education. But what remained when the pandemic passed? While the majority of the literature explores the shifts during the pandemic, with much speculation about post-pandemic futures, a clear understanding of lasting implications remains elusive. To illuminate this knowledge gap, our study contrasts pedagogical practices in matched courses from the pre-pandemic year (2019) to the post-pandemic phase (2022/2023). We also investigate the factors influencing these changes and the perceptions of academics on these shifts. Data were gathered from academics in a large comprehensive Australian university of varying disciplines through a mixed-methods approach, collecting 67 survey responses and conducting 21 interviews. Findings indicate a notable increase in online learning activities, authentic and scaffolded assessments, and online unsupervised exams post-pandemic. These changes were primarily driven by university-guided adaptations, time and workload pressures, continued COVID-19 challenges, local leadership, an individual desire to innovate, and concerns about academic integrity. While most changes were seen as favourable by academics, perceptions were less positive concerning online examinations. These findings illuminate the enduring effects of the pandemic on higher education, suggesting longer-term implications than previous studies conducted during the acute phase of the pandemic.

A Proposed Framework for the Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Employee’s Performance: Mediating Role of Job Demand

In the realm of employee performance, emotional intelligence (EI) plays a pivotal role. Research has consistently shown that EI is positively correlated with employee performance. It acts as a critical predictor, influencing how well employees perform in their roles. Emotional intelligence encompasses one's ability to perceive, express, understand, and manage emotions. When employees possess high EI, they are better equipped to navigate the challenges and dynamics of the workplace. As there are scarcity of research that explains the mechanism describing the EI-Employee’s Performance relationship, this study proposed the potential role of job demands as an important mediator in this relationship. Job demands include factors like workload, stress, and time pressures. Employees with high EI tend to handle these demands more effectively, leading to reduced stress and burnout consequently increasing job performance. In summary, emotional intelligence serves as a reliable predictor of employee performance and is crucial for maintaining a motivated and high-performing workforce, ultimately benefiting the organization as a whole.

Implementing and evaluating care and support planning: a qualitative study of health professionals’ experiences in public polyclinics in Singapore

BackgroundTwo polyclinics in Singapore modified systems and trained health professionals to provide person-centred Care and Support Planning (CSP) for people with diabetes within a clinical trial. We aimed to investigate health professionals’ perspectives on CSP to inform future developments.MethodsQualitative research including 23 semi-structured interviews with 13 health professionals and 3 co-ordinators. Interpretive analysis, including considerations of how different understandings, enactments, experiences and evaluative judgements of CSP clustered across health professionals, and potential causal links between them.ResultsBoth polyclinic teams introduced CSP and sustained it through COVID-19 disruptions. The first examples health professionals gave of CSP ‘going well’ all involved patients who came prepared, motivated and able to modify behaviours to improve their biomedical markers, but health professionals also said that they only occasionally saw such patients in practice. Health professionals’ accounts of how they conducted CSP conversations varied: some interpretations and reported enactments were less clearly aligned with the developers’ person-centred aspirations than others. Health professionals brought different communication skill repertoires to their encounters and responded variably to challenges to CSP that arose from: the linguistic and educational diversity of patients in this polyclinic context; the cultural shift that CSP involved; workload pressures; organisational factors that limited relational and informational continuity of care; and policies promoting biomedical measures as key indicators of healthcare quality. While all participants saw potential in CSP, they differed in the extent to which they recognised relational and experiential benefits of CSP (beyond biomedical benefits), and their recommendations for continuing its use beyond the clinical trial were contingent on several considerations. Our analysis shows how narrower and broader interpretive emphases and initial skill repertoires can interact with situational challenges and respectively constrain or extend health professionals’ ability to refine their skills with experiential learning, reduce or enhance the potential benefits of CSP, and erode or strengthen motivation to use CSP.ConclusionHealth professionals’ interpretations of CSP, along with their communication skills, interact in complex ways with other features of healthcare systems and diverse patient-circumstance scenarios. They warrant careful attention in efforts to implement and evaluate person-centred support for people with long-term conditions.

‘Making every contact count’ with patients with musculoskeletal conditions: a qualitative exploration of acceptability to physiotherapists

AimTo qualitatively explore physiotherapists’ experiences and acceptability of implementing ‘Making Every Contact Count Healthy Conversation Skills’ (MECC HCS) in routine practice with patients with musculoskeletal (MSK) conditions.MethodsThis article reports the second phase of a mixed method, sequential explanatory study. Physiotherapists trained in and delivering MECC HCS in their practice were invited to take part in semi-structured interviews. We hoped to develop a rich, in-depth understanding of their use and perceptions of the brief intervention and to contextualise findings from the first phase of the study. Qualitative data were analysed using Reflexive Thematic Analysis.ResultsPhysiotherapists valued MECC HCS as being integral to their practice, promoting a person-centred approach to supporting behaviour change and enhancing self-management in patients with MSK conditions and pain. It was believed that this brief intervention could reduce workload pressure for physiotherapists and have significant wider benefits for health services. Time limitations associated with appointments did, however, pose as a challenge to MECC HCS delivery, and it was felt that more organisational-level support was needed to sustain it.ConclusionsThese findings support our quantitative data, collected in the first phase of this study. MECC HCS is a highly acceptable brief intervention that can be delivered in physiotherapy care to support behaviour change in patients with MSK conditions. Future roll-out may be optimised within organisations by providing regular refresher training and adopting a MECC champion.

The Influence Of Mental Health, Workload Pressure, And Job Stress On Employee Performance Quality At Disnakertrans Tulungagung

This research is motivated by the importance of performance quality in a company, as employees are the driving force behind the company's success. In order to achieve maximum performance quality, it is influenced by several factors that make the company's vision and mission easier to achieve with good coordination. This study connects independent variables including mental health, workload pressure, and job stress with the dependent variable, which is employee performance quality. The method used in this research is quantitative analysis. The quantitative data collection technique employed involves distributing questionnaires and conducting interviews with 47 employees of Disnakertrans Tulungagung. Meanwhile, for quantitative data analysis in this study, validity tests, reliability tests, normality tests, classic assumption tests (multicollinearity test, heteroscedasticity test, autocorrelation test), multiple linear regression analysis, hypothesis testing, and determination coefficient (R2) are utilized.The results of this research indicate that: 1) There is a positive and significant influence of mental health on employee performance quality. 2) There is a negative and significant influence of workload pressure on employee performance quality. 3) There is a negative and significant influence of job stress on employee performance quality. 4) Collectively, mental health, workload pressure, and job stress variables have a positive and significant influence on employee performance quality (Y) at Disnakertrans Tulungagung.

Evaluation of Traffic Signs Information Volume at Highway Tunnel Entrance Zone Based on Driver’s Visual Characteristics

Reasonable and appropriate traffic sign information volume (TSIV) is crucial to ensure road traffic safety, especially at the entrance zones of highway tunnels. This research compares how various levels of TSIV affect both visual characteristics and visual workload of drivers through real road driving tests. Forty participants were recruited to conduct a field driving experiment at six highway tunnels. The eye movement data of drivers were collected by an eye tracker and the effects of TSIV on drivers’ eye movement characteristics, visual stability, visual SampEn (sample entropy), and visual workload intensity were analyzed and evaluated. At the T3 level (48.31 bits) of TSIV, the drivers’ average fixation duration and average saccade duration were both at the lowest value, while the drivers’ average saccade amplitude reached the maximum, and the dispersion of the three eye movement indicators was the smallest. In addition, the drivers’ visual SampEn increased continuously when approaching the tunnel portal, and was the lowest at T3 level. With the increase of TSIV, drivers’ visual workload intensity decreased first and then increased, the minimum being at T3 level. The drivers’ visual behavior is more stable, visual coordination ability is better, and visual workload and psychological pressure are least under the T3 level, which is beneficial to ensure driving safety at the entrance zone of a highway tunnel. Inappropriate levels of TSIV at highway tunnel entrance zones will cause inevitable risks to driving safety.

What helps hospital staff in times of crisis: qualitative results of a survey on psychosocial resources and stressors in German hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Even before the COVID-19 pandemic, hospital workers faced a tremendous workload. The pandemic led to different and additional strain that negatively affected the well-being of employees. This study aims to explore psychosocial resources and strategies that were used by hospital staff. In the context of an intervention study, employees of three German hospitals were questioned in writing in summer and fall 2020. Five open-ended questions about the pandemic were asked to capture corresponding effects on daily work routine. Answers of 303 participants were evaluated using structuring qualitative content analysis. Significant stressors and resources were identified in the areas of work content and task, social relations at work, organization of work, work environment and individual aspects. Stressors included, for example, emotional demands, conflicts, an increased workload, time and performance pressure. Important resources mentioned were, among others, the exchange with colleagues and mutual support. Sound information exchange, clear processes and guidelines and a positive work atmosphere were also important. In addition, the private environment and a positive mindset were perceived as helpful. This study contributes to a differentiated understanding of existing psychosocial resources of hospital staff in times of crisis. Identifying and strengthening these resources could reduce stress and improve well-being, making hospital staff better prepared for both normal operations and further crisis situations.

Resilience Against Workload Pressures and Work Deadlines for State Civil Apparatus in Badung Regency

Workload Pressure and Employee Deadlines pose various kinds of challenges and demands from both individual external and individual internal sides. So that individuals experience symptoms of burnout or stress that have an impact on significantly reducing productivity in a company or agency. The onset of burnout or stress symptoms can be minimized or reduced by using appropriate stress coping or regulatory strategies, one strategy that can be used is to use emotion regulation strategies. This study aims to determine the efforts made by ASN Employees at the Regional Secretariat of Badung Regency in surviving the pressure of the deadline workload given and to determine the efforts made by the Regional Secretariat of Badung Regency in order to find out in depth the experience of informants and documentation. The informant determination technique in this study used purposive sampling with a total of 8 informants. Data analysis techniques using the help of NVivo 14 plus software. The results showed that the Regional Secretariat of Badung Regency, especially in the Field of Planning and Finance, some employees experienced symptoms of Burnout Syndrome and Stress due to workload and work deadlines, and needed to be overcome with emotional regulation.

Sociotechnical Factors Contributing to Burnout among Radiation Oncology Medical Physicists: Survey and Focus Group Results from a Systems-Analysis Approach

While burnout and contributing factors have been studied among physicians and surgeons, there is limited understanding of the factors contributing to radiation oncology medical physicists' (MPs) burnout. Therefore, this study aims to i) explore factors associated with burnout among MPs using a systems-analysis approach, and ii) identify and prioritize key improvement efforts. We administered a survey to MPs at a US academic medical center between May 19-June 2, 2022. The survey included a 2-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, a 2- item abbreviated Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) measuring emotional exhaustion (EE) and depersonalization (DP), and 21 general workplace stressors based on the National Academy of Medicine's systems approach to clinicians' burnout. Participants rated workplace stressor severity on a 5-item Likert scale and priorities for improvement on a 4-item Likert scale. Burnout was categorized using a 2-Question Summative Score totaling >3 for EE and DP. Focus groups were held with ∼3 participants per group via a video conferencing platform on June 8-9, 2022. Survey results from top-rated workplace stressors and priorities were summarized and presented to focus groups. Participants were asked open-ended questions to promote discussion and elicit more contextual information about workplace stressors and to rank their highest priority stressors at the end of the focus group. Of the 12 MPs the survey was sent to, 8 responses (67%) were received. Table 1 summarizes the results. The mean resilience score was 6.88, with a standard deviation (SD) of 0.63. 87.5% (n = 7) of MPs identified themselves as burned out. The key workplace stressors contributing most to MPs' burnout were inadequate staffing (mean [SD] 3.1 [1.2]), work-life integration (3.1 [1.2]), excessive workload (2.8 [1.1]), and time pressure (2.6 [1.2]). Specifically, MPs suggested following improvements: i) hire additional physicists to cover clinic responsibilities, ii) limit or compensate for work done post-work hours, iii) improve scheduling workflow, and iv) retain hybrid work model. Survey data demonstrated moderate resilience but high levels of burnout among MPs. Results indicate inadequate staffing as the most severe workplace stressor and highest priority for improvement efforts and remained the top priority even after focus groups. These results warrant further studies with larger sample sizes, assessing factors contributing to burnout among MPs and systems-focused interventions.

Pengaruh Skeptisme Profesional, Beban Kerja dan Tekanan Waktu Terhadap Kemampuan Auditor Mendeteksi Kecurangan (Fraud) Pada Kantor Akuntan Publik Batam

This research was conducted with the aim of knowing how much influence Professional Skepticism, Workload and Time Pressure have on the auditor's ability to detect fraud at the Batam Public Accounting Firm. This study used an analytical method, which is quantitative data analysis and processed using SPSS version 25. The type of data used in this study was primary data in the form of a questionnaire that was measured using a interval scale. The research population is all junior auditors, seniors, managers and partners working at the Batam Public Accounting Firm who are registered in the Directory of the Indonesian Institute of Public Accountants. The research sample used a purposive sampling technique with population 92 and total sample of 70 respondents. Partially, professionalskepticism obtained results that did not have a significant effect on the auditor’s ability to detect fraud, while workload and time pressure obtained results that had a significant effect on the auditor’s ability to detect fraud. Professional skepticsm, workload and time pressure take effect simultaneously. Based on the test for the coefficient of determination, the result is 68.6%, meaning that the contribution of the percentage of Professional Skepticism, Workload and Time Pressure is 68.6% and external variable factors are 31.4%.

Collaborative practice in type 2 diabetes management in a developing country: A qualitative study of perceptions and attitudes of key stakeholders.

To explore collaborative practice and perceptions and attitudes of key stakeholders on collaboration in type 2 diabetes management in a tertiary care setting. Understanding collaborative practice in diabetes care in developing countries helps to design and provide patient-centred and cost-effective care. An exploratory qualitative study. Interviews were undertaken with 30 patients and 18 health professionals and policymakers. Thematic data analysis was undertaken to explore collaborative practice and examine participant perspectives on collaboration in diabetes management. We compared the findings with D'Amour's Collaboration Framework to determine the level of collaboration. Most participants reported a lack of collaborative practice in diabetes management, while they appreciated its importance in improving care. Perceptions varied with respect to what constituted collaborative practice. Three themes were identified: (1) perspectives of key stakeholders on current practice of collaboration; (2) impediments to collaborative practice; (3) strategies to improve collaborative practice. Analyses of the themes using D'Amour's Collaboration Framework indicated a low level of collaboration among physicians, nurses, pharmacists and policymakers, which was attributed to workload and time pressures on health professionals, power dynamics and lack of role clarity of all actors in collaborative action. Participants commented on the need to improve collaboration by establishing strong leadership and governance at different healthcare structure levels, which is committed to coordinating collaboration and developing collaborative frameworks and policies that guide collaborative undertaking. Perceived shortcomings of collaboration were attributed to inadequate resources, power dynamics, a lack of strong team functioning and policies. Participants' positive perceptions provide an opportunity to improve collaborative practice through incorporation of collaborative frameworks and policies. The findings in this study inform development of tailored and patient-centred diabetes care in tertiary care settings in sub-Saharan Africa. The study was reported in accordance with the COREQ checklist. Patients or the public were not involved in the design, analysis or interpretation of the data in this study. However, patients and healthcare providers participated in pilot interviews, which helped refine the interview guides. The summary of the findings of the study was also discussed with patients and healthcare providers, where they provided feedback.

Exploring the relationship between burnout and emotional intelligence among academics and clinicians at King Saud University

BackgroundAcademics and clinicians are exposed to significant workload pressures and are at a high risk of stress and burnout.ObjectivesThis study aimed to examine the relationship between burnout and emotional intelligence (EI) by comparing and corelating burnout and EI scores among academics and clinicians against several factors.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, academics and clinicians at King Saud University and King Saud University Medical City and Affiliated Hospitals were invited to complete anonymous questionnaires: Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey and the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire Short Form. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS software for descriptive studies, group comparisons, regression analyses, and Pearson's (r) correlation tests.ResultsStudy participants included 126 individuals (men = 65, 51.6%; women = 61, 48.4%). Of these, 65% were Saudi nationals and 35% were expatriates, and 76 were academics while 50 were clinicians. The mean (minimum to maximum) burnout total score was 55 ± 18.9 (8 to 97) and the global TEIQue-SF score ranged between 2.8 and 6.7 (5.04 ± 0.7). Burnout scores varied between departments and were higher among younger participants and non-Saudis. Age had a small direct correlation with self-control (r = .17, p = .05), and there was no statistically significant correlation with other EI factors. However, there was a moderate inverse correlation between age and emotional exhaustion (EE) (r = -0.33, p < 0.0001), and a small inverse correlation with depersonalization (DP) (r = -0.21, p = 0.02). T-tests demonstrated a statistically significant difference in EI factor "emotionality" among Saudis (5.2 ± .8) and non-Saudis (4.9 ± .8) (t124 = 2.2, p = 0.03), and for burnout subscales, there was a statistically significant difference in DP among Saudis (6.4 ± 4.8) and non-Saudis (8.5 ± 5.6), (p = 0.03). Moderate (r = -0.3, p = 0.01) and weak (r = -0.2, p = 0.05) negative correlations were found between EI factors and burnout subscales (EE, DP).ConclusionThis study confirmed an inverse relationship between burnout and EI scores among academics and clinicians. The findings suggest the need for introducing measures and implementing a system for early detection of burnout among staff and providing support to enhance EI and requisite care for those undergoing burnout episodes.

The effect of interpersonal relationship and epidemic attention on negative emotion among medical students: the mediating role of social satisfaction

BackgroundIndividuals are required to avoid close contact to reduce the probability of contracting the virus during the epidemics, which can lead to social isolation and exacerbate interpersonal relationship issues. Social satisfaction plays a crucial role in management in the period of pandemics and is strongly correlated with negative emotion. Medical students, as a special group of students, have a heavier burden of academic workload and greater pressure. They are also more likely to have access to epidemic information, which increases their susceptibility to negative emotions such as depression and anxiety. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the impact and mechanisms among interpersonal, epidemic attention, social satisfaction, and negative emotions during the epidemics outbreak among medical students for improving the level of mental health in the post-epidemic era.MethodsA total of 1,451 university students were included in this study. Self-administered questionnaires, including the Comprehensive Interpersonal Relationship Diagnostic Scale, the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, and the Self-Rating Depression Scale, were utilized to construct structural equations to examine the mediating effects of social satisfaction. The study employed a multi-stage whole-group sampling approach for university students.ResultsInterpersonal relationships and epidemic attention positively predicted negative emotion levels. Interpersonal relationships negatively predicted social satisfaction, while epidemic attention positively predicted social satisfaction. Moreover, social satisfaction negatively predicted negative emotion levels. Notably, both interpersonal relationships and epidemic attention indirectly affected negative emotions through the mediating effect of social satisfaction.ConclusionsSocial satisfaction plays a mediating role in the effect of interpersonal relationships and epidemic attention on negative emotion. In the post-epidemic era, it is crucial to enhance support from family, school and society to improve social satisfaction of medical students. Immediate identification of negative emotions is essential, and targeted strategies should be developed to address mental health issues among medical students.

Strengths-based Approaches—Perspectives from Practitioners

Abstract Despite its popularity, relatively little is known about strengths-based approaches in adult social work. In order to explore how strengths-based models and approaches are developed and implemented in social work and social care in England, and how these models are impacting practice, a two-stage project was conducted between December 2020 and October 2021. An online survey was completed by thirty-two respondents and a sub-sample of ten semi-structured interviews were conducted with social work and social care professionals involved in organising, managing, delivering or commissioning strengths-based approaches. The majority of participants were social workers. A range of positive outcomes were reported including improved reported well-being and satisfaction for people accessing services and enriched interactions (greater empathy, trust, better rapport), particularly for social workers. Challenges included incompatibility of systems and organisational structures; workload pressures and a depleted workforce; limited resources and applying the model at crisis point. The principles and values associated with adopting a strengths-based approach appear consistent with providing high-quality social work. The challenge for researchers—and to some extent practitioners—is how to meaningfully capture the nuanced impact of such a multi-dimensional approach. The challenge for policy is how to operationalise and replicate the benefits.

NDIS partnership working? Paradoxes, contested spaces and aspirations of disability leaders, family carers and disability services

AbstractIn 2022, a new Federal Labor government introduced an NDIA Act amendment and initiatives that indicate a reorientation to partnership working and integration of co‐design principles. “Partnership working” reflects collaborative aspirations where parties commit to trust, shared goals and respect for diverse knowledges and experiences. The National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) espouses a partnership approach and rights‐based values, yet the neoliberal emphasis on individual choice and marketisation within a social insurance model can privilege certain voices and produce adversarial processes and dynamics. Our focus group research with disability leaders, family carers and disability service professionals explored experiences in the NDIS planning phase with a focus on the extent to which partnership principles operated in practice. Our findings suggest embedded paradoxes; time and resources are required to build the trust and relationships central to interpersonal partnerships between individuals, carers and services but are undermined by organisational and structural factors such as workload pressures, administrative burden and adversarial practices produced in a cost containment context. Tensions in partnership working must also negotiate carers' workload and responsibilities with the autonomy of people with disability. We argue that partnership working is difficult to achieve where structural and systemic limitations and assumptions influence everyday practices. Partnership must operate from empowerment and relational, rather than transactional, principles if genuine participatory and inclusive practice is to be achieved.

How workload impacts the employee performance and how work stress acts as a mediating variable in shoes manufacturing company

The global industry has been significantly affected by Covid 19, resulting in a reduction in organizational structure, an increase in demand for raw materials and delivery services, and a rise in prices that negatively affect the manufacturing industry. The department responsible for managing these issues is the purchasing department, which will experience a surge in workload and work pressure for its employeesImproving employee performance is a challenge for companies to maintain survival. The thing that needs to be considered is the workload of employees which affects work stress and ultimately causes a decrease in employee performance. The main objective of this research is to examine the effect of workload on performance through work stress. Research using quantitative research methods. The questionnaire has been tested for validity and reliability and distributed to 110 purchasing employees. SmartPLS 3 is used to process data from research results. The results of the study are that there is a negative effect of workload on performance, there is a positive influence of workload on work stress, there is a negative effect from work stress on employee performance, and there is a negative effect of workload on performance through work stress on purchasing employees. The results of this study can be used by companies to improve their performance, especially from factors related to workload and employee work stress.

Hindistan’da Bilgi Teknolojileri Endüstrisinde İnsan Kaynakları Yönetiminin Gig Sözleşmelerine Yönelmesine Yol Açan Faktörler

The gig economy has become a viable field for alternate job arrangements. Therefore, we aim to explore the gig contracting influencing factors in Information Technology. We propose a conceptual framework using Structured Equation Modelling to ascertain the relationship between Human Resource Management and gig work contracting mediated through a sustainable digital economy. Based on a specifically designed survey, employers’ most significant hurdles were the competitiveness level, the extended hours when one was logged in, and late-night delivery. The incentives were not strong influencing factors for Gig contracting. However, the flexibility reduced much of the workload pressures.

Methods used to evaluate teacher well‐being: A systematic review

AbstractTeacher stress, burnout, and attrition are well‐documented problems that have been amplified as a result of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Recent efforts to study and improve teacher well‐being in response to such high levels of burnout are promising. However, the field continues to lack a unified definition of teacher well‐being and consistent use of tools with which to measure teacher well‐being. These inconsistencies may limit the ability to compare interventions and improve teacher well‐being over time. Clarifying how teacher well‐being is defined and operationalized can enable others to understand what a particular intervention or study does or does not improve. This systematic review explored 97 studies of teacher well‐being and documented tools used to measure the construct. The studies reviewed relied on a wide variety of instruments, ranging from mental health tools to subjective well‐being and teacher efficacy measures, with few using specific Teacher Well‐Being Scales. Findings suggest the need for more uniform approaches to measurement and the need for a clearly articulated definition of teacher well‐being that is distinct from stress or burnout. Researchers recommend the use of a multifactor scale that includes elements of teacher efficacy, school support, workload and time pressure, and job satisfaction.

A Comparative Study of Burnout among Several Teachers’ Specializations in Secondary Schools of Thessaloniki

The aim of this paper was to assess secondary education teachers’ burnout in the Thessaloniki area. More specifically, the teachers of humanities (THs) and the teachers of sciences (TSs) were examined. In these groups, a comparative approach to burnout was performed. The sample consisted of 142 THs and 108 TSs. The Maslach and Jackson burnout measurement scale and the burnout sources questionnaire, as adapted by Mouzoura, were used to collect data. Based on the results of the survey, moderate burnout level was found in the teachers as a whole. It was also proved that between the two groups, there was no difference in the degree of burnout. In addition, THs record lower rates of depersonalization than TSs. Thus, it seems that demographic characteristics, level of education, and type of school differentiate burnout levels. Moreover, both groups of teachers’ specialties identified issues related to educational organization and administration as the most important cause of burnout. Individually, however, THs appear to be more exhausted emotionally due to professional obligations that magnify the workload and time pressure compared to TSs, who are particularly “affected” by the lack of material teaching resources. Moreover, this paper explores and records several dimensions of burnout faced by the participants in the survey and reports certain recommendations that can practically influence their workplace.

Effect of supportive supervision on the process of indenting and stock management by senior nursing ward in-charges at a tertiary care hospital in Garhwal region of Uttarakhand, India

Introduction: The duties of nursing administration include tasks such as placing orders, conducting regular checks on ward supplies, and ensuring regular updation of the stock register. This study assesses the effect of a supportive supervision strategy on the process of indenting and stock management by senior nursing ward in-charges and the barriers faced by them during the discharge of this duty. Methods: A cross-sectional study with mixed-method approach was conducted. Senior nursing officers were administered structured questionnaires and in-depth interviews for the quantitative and qualitative approaches, respectively. Quantitative analysis was done using statistical software and qualitative content analysis was done manually for the audio recorded and transcribed in-depth interviews. Results: The availability, legibility, accuracy, completeness, chronology, continuity, timeliness, safety, etc., of records, saw improvements on successive follow-up visits. On analyzing the in-depth interviews, administrative and management issues such as constantly changing personnel, unsystematic handover process, and problems related to supply chain and disposal came up. Work-related issues, such as lack of training, workload pressure, as well as staff-related and personal issues, were also identified. Conclusion: Transfers of designated senior nursing ward in-charges should be avoided if possible. In case done, the process of proper charge transfer should be followed. Issues such as the lengthy process of indenting and lack of training of nursing staff should be addressed. Incentivizing such work should be encouraged along with increasing autonomy for handling wards by senior nursing officers. Communication with all the stakeholders should be improved.