Workload Demands Research Articles

Nurses who co-create care with clients experience lower levels of burnout through the perception of fewer emotional demands: an observational study

BackgroundClients are especially satisfied about treatment of nurses providing person-centered care. Such care benefits from the co-creation of care, in which nurses and clients together shape the care process by investing in effective communication and supportive nurse-client relationships. Co-creation of care can especially benefit longitudinal collaboration between clients and their nurses in long-term care settings. However, it is unknown how nurses in these settings perceive the co-creation of care to affect their job demands, and ultimately, their levels of job burnout. We studied whether nurses’ perceptions of job demands (workload and emotional demands) mediated the association between the co-creation of care and job burnout in long-term care settings.MethodsA web-based survey was completed by 256 nurses from two long-term care facilities in the Netherlands. Nurses were sent an email that included information about the study and a link to the web-based survey, consisting of items from validated questionnaires on the co-creation of care, job demands, and job burnout. Resulting data were analyzed using mediation analyses.ResultsThe co-creation of care was associated with lower levels of burnout through the perception of fewer emotional demands (ß = –0.07; 95% percentile bootstrap confidence interval (PBCI) –0.12 to –0.02). Workload was also associated with lower burnout levels, but workload did not mediate the association between the co-creation of care and job burnout (ß = –0.01; 95% PBCI –0.07 to 0.05).ConclusionsThe co-creation of care supports nurses’ perception of their work in long-term care as less emotionally demanding, which helps them to experience less burnout. Thus, long-term care facilities could consider the promotion of the co-creation of care in efforts to reduce emotional demands and job burnout among nurses. Ultimately, investing in the co-creation of care can facilitate well-being of nurses as well as facilitate their person-centeredness in caring for their clients.

Workplace and Individual Social Capital as Moderators on the Work-Life Interface Processes: Testing a Multilevel Model

We explored the role of two different facets of social capital -workplace social capital (WSC) and individual social capital (ISC)- for work-life interface. Based on job demands-resources theory, we hypothesized WSC to buffer the positive relationship between job demands (workload and emotional demands) and work-life conflict and to boost the positive relationships between job (autonomy, performance feedback) and personal (psychological capital) resources and work-life facilitation. Similarly, ISC was expected to buffer the negative relationship between work-life conflict and well-being and to boost the positive relationship between work-life facilitation and well-being. Further, we hypothesized job demands to relate negatively to well-being via increased work-life conflict particularly in conditions of lower (vs. higher) WSC and ISC, and job and personal resources to relate positively to well-being through increased work-life facilitation particularly in conditions of higher (vs. lower) WSC and ISC. Hypotheses were tested among 547 workers nested within 115 organizations. Results from multilevel analyses revealed that the positive relationship between psychological capital and work-life facilitation was stronger for employees working in organizations with higher WSC, while work-life conflict related negatively with well-being only for employees with lower ISC. Job demands related negatively to well-being through higher work-life conflict but only among employees with lower ISC. Performance feedback, psychological capital, and WSC related positively to well-being through higher work-life facilitation. The findings highlight the importance of considering different facets of social capital in better understanding the work-life interface processes.

RADHawk-an AI-based knowledge recommender to support precision education, improve reporting productivity, and reduce cognitive load.

Using artificial intelligence (AI) to augment knowledge is key to establishing precision education in modern radiology training. Our department has developed a novel AI-derived knowledge recommender, the first reported precision education program in radiology, RADHawk (RH), that augments the training of radiology residents and fellows by pushing personalized and relevant educational content in real-time and in context with the case being interpreted. To assess the impact on trainees of an AI-based knowledge recommender compared to traditional knowledge sourcing for radiology reporting through reporting time, quality, cognitive load, and learning experiences. A mixed methods prospective study allocated trainees to intervention and control groups, working with and without access to RH, respectively. Validated questionnaires and observed and graded simulated picture archiving and communication system (PACS)-based reporting at the start and end of a month's rotation assessed technology acceptance, case report quality, case report time and sourcing time, cognitive load, and attitudes toward modified learning strategies. Non-parametric regression analyses and Mann-Whitney tests were used to compare outcomes between groups, with significance set at P<0.05. The intervention group (n=28) demonstrated astatistically significant reduction in the case report time by -162s per case (95%CI -275.76s to -52.40s) (P-value = 0.002) and an increase of 14% (95%CI 8.1-19.8%) (P-value <0.001) in accuracy scores compared to the control group (n=29) at the end of the rotation. The intervention group also showed lower levels of mental demand (P=0.030) and experienced less effort (P=0.030) and frustration (P=0.030) while reporting. Additionally, >78% of the intervention group gave positive ratings on RH's effectiveness, increase in productivity, job usefulness, and ease of use. Eighty-nine percent of participants in the intervention group requested access to RH for their next rotation. This study demonstrates that RH, as the first reported AI-derived knowledge recommender for radiology education, significantly reduces reporting time and improves reporting accuracy while reducing overall workload and mental demand for radiology trainees. The high acceptance among trainees suggests its potential for supporting self-directed learning. Further testing of a larger external cohort will support more widespread implementation of RH for precision education.

Technology frustration in healthcare – does it matter in staff ratings of stress, emotional exhaustion, and satisfaction with care? A cross-sectional correlational study using the job demands-resources theory

BackgroundHealth information technology has developed into a cornerstone of modern healthcare. It has changed workflows and enhanced communication, efficiency, and patient safety. However, technological development has progressed faster than research on its potential effects on care quality and the healthcare work environment. Using the Job Demand-Resources theory, this study investigated the associations between "frustration with technology" and three outcomes: stress, emotional exhaustion, and staff satisfaction with care, holding job resources and the demand workload constant.MethodA cross-sectional correlational study was conducted between January and April 2022. Healthcare staff from different professions (e.g., physicians, registered nurses, physiotherapists, licensed practical nurses) and workplaces (n = 417, response rate 31%) answered a survey regarding job demands and resources in the workplace, frustration with technology, stress, emotional exhaustion, and satisfaction with care. Data were analyzed with Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient, the Mann–Whitney U test, and the Kruskal–Wallis test, and multiple variables, one for each outcome, were tested with Generalized Estimated Equations models in SPSS.ResultsThe bivariate correlation analyses confirmed statistically significant associations between all the independent variables and the outcomes, except for the independent variable high workload. A high workload was associated with stress and emotional exhaustion but not with staff satisfaction with care. In the three GEE models, one for each outcome, higher stress was statistically significantly associated with more frustration with technology and lower scores for the variables participation in decision-making, sense of community at work, and higher workload. Higher emotional exhaustion was associated with more frustration with technology, higher workload, a lower teamwork climate, and lower growth opportunities. Lower staff satisfaction with care was associated with lower scores for the variable participation in decision-making.ConclusionsTaking other variables into account, technology frustration matters in staff ratings of stress and emotional exhaustion, but not with the satisfaction of given care. Future studies should aim to further investigate what causes technology frustration and how to mitigate it.

Gambaran Kondisi Psikologis dan Coping Stres Staf Klinik IPWL BNN RI dalam Melayani Klien Penyalahgunaan Narkoba

The number of drug users in Indonesia tends to increase every year, which leads to a rise in the number of cases that need to be handled by various related institutions, including the clinics of the Compulsory Reporting Institution (IPWL) of BNN RI. This study aims to describe the psychological condition and stress coping strategies used by the staff of IPWL BNN RI clinics in dealing with work pressures while serving clients with drug abuse problems. A qualitative approach with a phenomenological method was used to explore the staff’s subjective experiences regarding work-related stress and how they cope with it. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with two subjects and two informants who are clinic staff members. The results of the study indicate that the primary sources of stress stem from workload and difficult client demands. The staff employ two main coping strategies, namely emotion-focused coping and problem-focused coping. Although the stress experienced is quite significant, both subjects are able to manage it well, ensuring that it does not affect their overall performance.

What does a consent conversation for whole genome sequencing look like in the NHS Genomic Medicine Service? An observational study.

Patient choice consent for whole genome sequencing (WGS) through the Genomic Medicine Service in England covers consent to diagnostic testing and an invitation to the National Genomic Research Library (NGRL). Little is known about what consent conversations for WGS look like in practice. We audio-recorded and analysed the content and structure of consent appointments (n = 26) between healthcare professionals (HCPs) and parents of children with rare disease across seven NHS Trusts. Appointments frequently covered the potential findings from testing, implications for family members, and DNA storage, but often omitted that data may be reanalysed in the future if a diagnosis is not made. Consent to the NGRL was typically sought during the same appointment; these discussions varied in content, but frequently included a background to the NGRL and data security. HCPs often tempered expectations around what WGS can achieve and asked questions to clarify parents' understanding, but less commonly elicited parents' values and concerns. Administrative tasks were time-consuming, but took less time when consent was recorded digitally. Future training should emphasise how to elicit patients' values and concerns. Digital infrastructure and hiring roles such as genomic associates to support consent may be important strategies to meet the workload demands of WGS.

Perceived work-related stress and associated factors among the surgical workforce in a Nigerian tertiary health facility: A cross-sectional study.

Healthcare workers continue to experience high levels of work-related stress which continue to negatively affect their psychological, physical, and emotional well-being. This is even more prevalent among healthcare workers who work in surgical specialities, with the surgical operation room becoming a known stressor at hospitals. This study aims to assess work-related stress among surgical team members at Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital in Zaria between January 2021-2022. Data analysis involved descriptive and inferential statistical approaches using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 23.0. The study found an overall high prevalence of work-related stress, with 65% of participants reporting moderate levels of stress. The majority of the participants have a mean age of 39.4 ± 7.8 years, most of them being physicians (66.3%), being males (59.9%), and identified with a Hausa ethnic tribe. Notably, the multiple regression analysis found that tribe (p = 0.008), professional cadres (p = 0.001) and age/years of experience (p = 0.0035) emerged as significant predictors of work-related stress. Key determinants of work-related stress among surgical team members include workload, complexity of work, and conflicting cognitive job demands that continue to subject professionals to increasing workloads and constant decision-making about their job. Organizational factors, such as job policy and procedure, communication problems, and the nature of facilities, were identified as the highest contributors to work-related stress in organizational, interpersonal, and physical/environmental dimensions. The findings lead to the conclusion that a considerable proportion of surgical team members experience a relatively high level of work-related stress, primarily attributed to workload and cognitive demands. In light of these results, urgent efforts are recommended to improve the working conditions and environment for surgical team members. Furthermore, the integration of stress management measures into the educational programs for the surgical team is emphasized to effectively address and mitigate the impact of work-related stress.

Early years pharmacist retention – a listening exercise

Abstract Introduction Pressures on pharmacy workforces are increasing, with 88% of hospital pharmacists reporting high risk of burnout and 62% considering leaving their role due to the impact of work on wellbeing.1 Early years pharmacist (EYP) recruitment is increasingly challenging. Traditional pharmacist career pathways are in competition with increasingly preferred portfolio-based careers. Many trusts are introducing band 6 to 7 progressive schemes to improve retention, including at University Hospital Southampton (UHS). However, anecdotal departmental feedback suggests that EYPs feel this scheme is being applied unequally across different sections and there is discontent with differing workload and development opportunities. Aim To develop an understanding of concerns and expectations of Early Years Pharmacists at UHS. Methods All pharmacists in Agenda for Change band 7, and 6 to 7 progression posts, were invited to participate in an in-person forum. Attendance was voluntary but supported by the senior pharmacy management team. The group facilitator, a senior pharmacist known to participants, introduced the session topics, explained the rationale, then asked participants to provide written comments anonymously on a range of topics. Comments were gathered at the end of the session and thematically analysed with review from an experienced qualitative researcher. Whilst deemed a service evaluation, not requiring ethics approval, data was recorded and managed in accordance with best ethical practices. Results Twenty-Eight EYP attendees provided 102 separate comments. Themes identified related to departmental progressive post variations in; on-call expectations, mentoring, opportunities for formal credentialling, and feedback from line managers. The variations were perceived to be unjust. Commonly, points raised related to professional development. Issues included protected study time both for those undertaking post-graduate courses and those not, workload demands meaning that time for development was limited, and inequalities of access. Discussion/Conclusion As anticipated, there was discontent within the group particularly regarding perceived variations in workload, role opportunities and progression across the department. Additionally, there was some antipathy regarding whether things could be improved. However, the forum feedback suggested the opportunity to participate was well received, having provided participants an opportunity to raise their concerns in a confidential, collaborative, manner. Following initial headline feedback of EYP feeling unappreciated, all senior leaders were reminded of the importance of positive feedback and anecdotally the Trust systems for this have been used more frequently since this reminder. There are limitations with this evaluation, the group was too large to truly be considered a focus group and as such the facilitator was unable to interact with all members and probe for further information which may have been helpful. Furthermore, the facilitator was line manager for a small number of the participants, and they may have felt less able to make negative comments despite the anonymous comment collection. Several of the points raised have led to further questions and we now intend to conduct a formal qualitive study using semi-structured interviews with volunteers across the department to obtain more detailed insight into the challenges of this staff group. Meanwhile work will continue to make the EYP process and experience more equitable. Reference 1. Royal Pharmaceutical Society (2023). ‘Workforce and Wellbeing Survey 2023’. Available online. [Accessed 7th May 2024].

Sex Differences in Physiological Responses to a National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Soccer Season.

McFadden, BA, Walker, AJ, Cintineo, HP, Bozzini, BN, Sanders, DJ, Chandler, AJ, and Arent, SM. Sex differences in physiological responses to a National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I soccer season. J Strength Cond Res 38(11): 1891-1899, 2024-Identifying physiological changes that occur in response to workload demands can help to elucidate athlete management and recovery strategies. The purpose of this study was to compare the physical and physiological demands between men and women throughout the course of a collegiate soccer season. Men ( N = 23) and women ( N = 26) soccer players participated in blood draws before preseason (T1) and every 4 weeks thereafter (T2-T4). Workload was determined at all practices and games via heart rate and global positioning satellite monitoring systems. Repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance and linear mixed models were used to assess workload and biomarker responses throughout the season ( p < 0.05). Both teams experienced the highest workloads during the first 4 weeks of the season ( p < 0.05), which was followed by several biomarker perturbations. Sex-by-Time interactions were observed for total cortisol, growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-1, thyroxine, thyroid-stimulating hormone, vitamin D, and omega 3 fatty acid index ( p < 0.05). Additional Sex effects were observed for free and total testosterone, estrogen, prolactin, sex-hormone binding globulin, creatine kinase, and iron levels ( p < 0.05). Women soccer players experienced further Time effects for free cortisol, iron, ferritin, and percent transferrin saturation ( p < 0.05). Male soccer players experienced additional Time effects for total testosterone, estrogen, creatine kinase, interleukin-6, triiodothyronine, and ferritin ( p < 0.05). Despite similar patterns of change in workloads, differential fluctuations in physiological markers were observed between the sexes. Understanding sex differences in response to comparable workloads may enhance exercise prescriptions for better athlete management plans. Additional strategies to increase iron may be warranted in female athletes.

Https://www.innovativehumancapital.com/article/the-modern-manager-navigating-a-complex-role-in-today-s-organizations

The role of the manager has become increasingly complex due to forces such as globalization, technology disruption, and changing worker expectations, requiring proficiency across strategic planning, leading others, communicating, developing talent, and other diverse hard and soft skills to navigate today's volatile business environment successfully. While leading organizations recognize high-quality managers as a strategic asset, attracting and developing top management talent presents ongoing challenges, as younger professionals are less interested in management careers due to workload demands, a skills gap exists between required competencies and what new or promoted managers possess, and traditional training methods often provide inadequate preparation, resulting in few managers being truly ready for senior roles. To address these issues, experts recommend a strategic, multifaceted approach including updating manager job profiles and career paths, establishing formal mentoring and coaching, deploying strategic stretch assignments, implementing blended leadership training programs, and utilizing 360-degree performance evaluations to gain competitive advantages in hiring, retention, and leadership development.

Mental Illnesses and Stigma among Medical Undergraduates in India.

The current Medical Education system of India, with its enormous workload and academic demands tend to cause the medical students stress. There is evidence showing medical students at a higher risk of depression, anxiety and burnout compared to other Indian students. Despite, the huge reported numbers, the proportion of students and doctors who seek help for their problems is alarmingly low. One of the reasons provided for the same is stigma towards mental health and an apprehension regarding labels and treatment history on the careers of the students. Increased awareness and with a National Health Programme catered towards mental health, there has been a boost in the utilization and provision of mental health services but it rarely translates into better mental health facilities for the healthcare providers. The special set of challenges faced by a medical students are gradually being recognized and efforts are being made to address them. Curriculum guidelines, teaching methods, student welfare centres and helplines have been the areas of intervention. There should also be changes in approaches towards the students who face problems and providing a safe environment for them to discuss their problems, including encouraging peer support. Thus, a fine balance needs to be present between ensuring the protection of the mental health of a medical student and ensuring a quality medical education for them. Further exploration to address stigma and building empathy among the students and evaluation of the intervention methods devised to address the same becomes very necessary to ensure fruitful interventions. It is the need of the hour to help Indian Medical students overcome their struggles with mental health.

Integrating Intelligent Hydro-informatics into an effective Early Warning System for risk-informed urban flood management

The urban drainage system constantly facing flooding issues in coastal and urban areas. Robust and accurate urban flood management, particularly considering fast-moving compound floods, is crucial to minimize the impact of flood disasters in coastal cities. Till now, Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) lacks an effective means of urban flood management because of flood risk communication among residents. Existing flood risk communication tools rely on post-disaster flood model outcomes and data. Therefore, this research proposes a real-time Early Urban Flooding Warning System (EUFWS) integrated with a user-friendly web and app interface. The backbone of this system consists of flood models developed using machine learning (ML) algorithms, combined with big data and Web-GIS visualization, with ML serving as the core for constructing the EUFWS. EUFWS offer several key advantages: they are available at all times, accessible from anywhere, and provide a real-time, multi-user working platform. Additionally, the system is flexible, allowing for the easy addition of components and services and scalable, adjusting to workload demands. EUFWS have been successfully deployed in Thu Duc City, Vietnam, as a case study and are operating effectively. EUFWS have been successfully deployed in Thu Duc City, Vietnam, as a case study and are operating effectively. Research results indicate that EUFWS supported decision-makers to be effectively risk informed and make intelligent decisions during urban flood emergencies. This underscores the significant potential of integrating ML and information technology to enhance the management of smart urban drainage systems in flood-prone cities worldwide.

Impact of Autoscaling on Application Performance in Cloud Environments

The current paper studies the impact of Autoscaling on application performance in Cloud computing environments. Cloud computing is one of the most encouraging innovations due to its vast applications. Predictive autoscaling is an advanced technique that aims to address the challenges in the autoscaling trends for large-scale systems. To account for the Quality of Service to the customer, features like load balancing according to the workload demand, understanding resource allocation and utilization, and dynamic decision-making are vital to any cloud computing application. This paper interprets these challenges and reviews a meta-reinforcement learning approach for predictive autoscaling in cloud environments. A novel RL-based predictive autoscaling approach on a popular large-scale digital payment platform system, Alipay, is compared with the existing models such as Autopilot and FIRM. The aim is to conduct a detailed analysis of performance metrics before and after autoscaling actions, aiming to identify optimal scaling strategies that minimize response time and maximize resource utilization without over- provisioning.

Visual augmentation of live-streaming images in virtual reality to enhance teleoperation of unmanned ground vehicles

First-person view (FPV) technology in virtual reality (VR) can offer in-situ environments in which teleoperators can manipulate unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs). However, non-experts and expert robot teleoperators still have trouble controlling robots remotely in various situations. For example, obstacles are not easy to avoid when teleoperating UGVs in dim, dangerous, and difficult-to-access areas with environmental obstacles, while unstable lighting can cause teleoperators to feel stressed. To support teleoperators’ ability to operate UGVs efficiently, we adopted construction yellow and black lines from our everyday life as a standard design space and customised the Sobel algorithm to develop VR-mediated teleoperations to enhance teleoperators’ performance. Our results show that our approach can improve user performance on avoidance tasks involving static and dynamic obstacles and reduce workload demands and simulator sickness. Our results also demonstrate that with other adjustment combinations (e.g., removing the original image from edge-enhanced images with a blue filter and yellow edges), we can reduce the effect of high-exposure performance in a dark environment on operation accuracy. Our present work can serve as a solid case for using VR to mediate and enhance teleoperation operations with a wider range of applications.

Dynamic Performance and Power Optimization with Heterogeneous Processing-in-Memory for AI Applications on Edge Devices

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) technology, combined with the widespread proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices, has significantly expanded the scope of AI applications, from data centers to edge devices. Running AI applications on edge devices requires a careful balance between data processing performance and energy efficiency. This challenge becomes even more critical when the computational load of applications dynamically changes over time, making it difficult to maintain optimal performance and energy efficiency simultaneously. To address these challenges, we propose a novel processing-in-memory (PIM) technology that dynamically optimizes performance and power consumption in response to real-time workload variations in AI applications. Our proposed solution consists of a new PIM architecture and an operational algorithm designed to maximize its effectiveness. The PIM architecture follows a well-established structure known for effectively handling data-centric tasks in AI applications. However, unlike conventional designs, it features a heterogeneous configuration of high-performance PIM (HP-PIM) modules and low-power PIM (LP-PIM) modules. This enables the system to dynamically adjust data processing based on varying computational load, optimizing energy efficiency according to the application’s workload demands. In addition, we present a data placement optimization algorithm to fully leverage the potential of the heterogeneous PIM architecture. This algorithm predicts changes in application workloads and optimally allocates data to the HP-PIM and LP-PIM modules, improving energy efficiency. To validate and evaluate the proposed technology, we implemented the PIM architecture and developed an embedded processor that integrates this architecture. We performed FPGA prototyping of the processor, and functional verification was successfully completed. Experimental results from running applications with varying workload demands on the prototype PIM processor demonstrate that the proposed technology achieves up to 29.54% energy savings.

Doctors’ experience providing primary care for refugee women living with chronic pain: a qualitative study

BackgroundThe experiences of GPs in Australia highlight key considerations regarding workload demands, remuneration incentives and the practical implications of working in regions with high ethnic density. This exploration helps to understand the elements that influence GPs delivery of care, particular for refugee women who exhibit disproportionately higher rates of chronic pain. This qualitative study explored the experiences of GPs providing care for refugee women living with chronic pain.MethodsSemi-structured interviews were undertaken with 10 GPs (9 female and 1 male) practicing across metropolitan Melbourne, Australia. GPs were recruited via purposive sampling and a snowballing strategy. Participants work experience ranged from one to 32 years. Audio recordings of the interviews were transcribed verbatim and stored in qualitative data Nvivo 12 software for coding. Transcripts of interviews were analysed thematically using a phenomenological approach.ResultsThree overarching themes were identified: (1) meeting the needs of refugee women living with chronic pain; (2) the role of the GP; and (3) the challenges of the health care system. These themes reflected the complexity of consultations which arose, in part, from factors such as trust, the competencies of clinician’s and the limitations posed by time, funding and interpreter use.ConclusionGPs acknowledged the uniqueness of refugee women’s chronic pain needs and whilst doctors welcomed care, many were often challenged by the complex nature of consultations. Those that worked in settings that aligned with refugee women’s needs highlighted the importance of cultivating culturally safe clinical environments and listening to their patients’ stories. However, system level challenges such as time, funding and resource constraints created significant challenges for GPs. Exploring GPs experiences allows for a better understanding of how vectors of disadvantage intersect in health care and highlights the need to better support doctors to improve health care provision for refugee women living with chronic pain.

Psychological Capital, Emotional Labour, and Burnout among Malaysian Workers

Burnout, characterized by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and a diminished sense of personal accomplishment, is an occupational phenomenon now recognized by the World Health Organization. This study explores the interplay between psychological capital and emotional labour in contributing to burnout among workers in a Malaysian non-profit organization (NPO). Psychological capital encompasses positive psychological states such as self-efficacy, optimism, hope, and resilience. Emotional labour involves managing emotions to fulfil job roles, often requiring workers to present emotions that may not reflect their true feelings. The constant need to maintain these emotional displays can lead to emotional dissonance and burnout. Given Malaysia's demographic shifts towards an ageing population, the implications of burnout among NPO workers, who provide critical services to vulnerable groups, are significant. The high workload and emotional demands placed on these workers can result in chronic stress, emotional exhaustion, and a decrease in job performance and motivation. This study aims to fill the research gap by examining the specific factors that contribute to burnout in the Malaysian context, considering the unique cultural and social dynamics that may influence these relationships. The findings of this research can provide valuable insights for developing interventions to enhance psychological resilience and manage emotional labour more effectively among NPO workers. By addressing these challenges, organizations can support their workforce in maintaining high levels of service quality and personal well-being, which is crucial for the sustainability of NPOs and the well-being of the communities they serve.

Энергоэффективность многоядерных процессоров: сравнительное исследование аппаратных технологий

Background: The constant increase in processing demand has prompted the development of multi-core processors, which are critical to obtaining high performance in a variety of computing devices. However, this growth in processing capacity comes at the expense of increased energy consumption, posing substantial problems for energy efficiency. Objective: The article will examine and compare several hardware solutions for improving energy efficiency in multi-core processors, offering a full overview of their effectiveness and application. Methods: We used a quantitative research methodology, simulating multi-core processing environments with various hardware optimization techniques such as Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS), Clock Gating, and Power Gating. Each technique was evaluated in a variety of operational circumstances to establish its effect on energy consumption and processing efficiency. Results: The findings show that DVFS provides significant energy savings with negligible performance trade-offs in cases with moderate workloads. In contrast, Clock Gating performed best in low workload settings, whereas Power Gating performed best in high-load conditions, dramatically reducing idle power consumption. Conclusion: The comparison research demonstrates that no single technique beats all others; rather, the choice of an effective energy efficiency strategy is significantly influenced by unique workload factors. A hybrid strategy, which combines both techniques depending on real-time workload demands, can greatly improve the energy efficiency of multi-core processors. This study advances our understanding of energy management in advanced computing systems, providing insights for future research and practical applications in the field of energy-efficient computing.

Pengukuran Beban Kerja Mental Mahasiswa Pekerja Fakultas Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Universitas Muhammadiyah Gresik Menggunakan Metode Nasa-TLX

Background – Mental workload is the difference between the workload demands of a task and capacity. Mental workload is a human evaluation or assessment of the limits of attentional load while carrying out tasks optimally, which is influenced by the workload demands of a task and the worker's capacity to handle the task, especially for students who carry out work activities while studying. Therefore, it is necessary to examine how much mental workload is actually borne by student workers so that the negative impacts it causes can be minimized. Aim – To measure the mental workload of student workers at the Faculty of Economics and Business, Muhammadiyah University of Gresik using the NASA-TLX method Design / methodology / approach – The research approach used is Quantitative Descriptive. Quantitative data was obtained from the results of questionnaire responses from student workers at the Faculty of Economics and Business, Muhammadiyah University of Gresik regarding the level of mental workload using the NASA-TLX method. Findings – High mental workload can have a negative impact on a person's mental health, especially for students who work while studying. Mental workload is defined as the difference between task demands and an individual's capacity to handle the task, focusing more on the mental aspect than the physical. Students who work while studying often experience fatigue, lack of time to rest and socialize, and experience sleep disorders and stress which can reduce their academic and work performance. Therefore, it is important to measure and analyze the level of mental workload experienced by student workers in order to reduce its negative impact. The method used to measure mental workload is NASA-TLX (Task Load Index). Conclusion – Student workers at the Faculty of Economics and Business, Muhammadiyah University of Gresik experience a high mental workload, with the time demand indicator (Temporal Demand/TD) having the highest weight and the level of effort (Effort/EF) getting the highest score. The time requirement (TD) indicator most dominantly influences their mental workload, while the level of frustration (FR) has the lowest influence. Overall, their average mental workload score was in the high category, namely 77.64. Research implication – This research is aimed at students who are studying while working, with the aim of measuring the level of mental load that objects experience. The load in question is a high mental workload, with indicators of time requirements (Temporal Demand/TD), level of effort (Effort/EF) and indicators of time requirements (TD), as well as levels of frustration (Frustration/FR). Limitations – The limitations of this research only include the mental workload variable on the research object (student workers)

Not just a ‘nice to have’: Team compassionate care behaviours and patient safety

The experience of suffering is ubiquitous in healthcare facilities, but against this backdrop, is compassion a ‘nice to have’ or does it also affect patient safety? This article uses mixed methods across two studies to understand team compassionate care behaviours as a shared unit property and its association with patient safety outcomes. Using data from 188 healthcare teams, Study 1 finds that team compassionate care behaviours mediated the relationship between team psychological safety and fewer patient hospital-associated infections. Furthermore, the positive relationship between team psychological safety and team compassionate care behaviours was weakened when team workload demands were high. In Study 2, we interviewed 25 nurses to understand the experiences and gain further insights into the relationships between the focal variables. Together, our findings provide evidence that compassion emerges at the team level, is driven by team antecedents, moderated by team environments and tangibly affects patient safety. JEL Classification: M00