Энергоэффективность многоядерных процессоров: сравнительное исследование аппаратных технологий

Abstract

Background: The constant increase in processing demand has prompted the development of multi-core processors, which are critical to obtaining high performance in a variety of computing devices. However, this growth in processing capacity comes at the expense of increased energy consumption, posing substantial problems for energy efficiency. Objective: The article will examine and compare several hardware solutions for improving energy efficiency in multi-core processors, offering a full overview of their effectiveness and application. Methods: We used a quantitative research methodology, simulating multi-core processing environments with various hardware optimization techniques such as Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS), Clock Gating, and Power Gating. Each technique was evaluated in a variety of operational circumstances to establish its effect on energy consumption and processing efficiency. Results: The findings show that DVFS provides significant energy savings with negligible performance trade-offs in cases with moderate workloads. In contrast, Clock Gating performed best in low workload settings, whereas Power Gating performed best in high-load conditions, dramatically reducing idle power consumption. Conclusion: The comparison research demonstrates that no single technique beats all others; rather, the choice of an effective energy efficiency strategy is significantly influenced by unique workload factors. A hybrid strategy, which combines both techniques depending on real-time workload demands, can greatly improve the energy efficiency of multi-core processors. This study advances our understanding of energy management in advanced computing systems, providing insights for future research and practical applications in the field of energy-efficient computing.