Workload Categories Research Articles

Factors Affecting the Workload of Horticultural Farmers in Agrotourism Areas

Working as a farmer is one type of job that has high risks, judging from the type of activity and the work environment. The work activities of horticultural farmers include preparing land for planting, caring for plants by fertilizing, pulling grass or weeds, spraying pests, and harvesting and processing or handling postharvest fruits. This is not a light job, especially if the land being worked on is quite large and there are so many plants. These cause a high workload on farmers. It is necessary to measure the workload of horticultural farmers in the agro-tourism area. Many factors affect the workload of farmers, such as internal factors and external factors. Internal factors can be influenced by aspects of work (tasks) and work organization. Meanwhile, external factors can be influenced by the working environment of farmers. This workload will also affect the work productivity of farmers. Whether these factors have a dominant effect on influencing the workload of farmers, it is considered necessary to conduct more in-depth research. This type of research includes quantitative research with a cross-sectional approach. The number of samples found with the Lemeshow formula was 33 farmers. Data collection techniques involve the distribution of questionnaires, interviews with farmers, and direct observation. The factors that affect the workload are predicted through questionnaires and direct observation. Workload categories are internal and external workloads. The data obtained in the analysis used inferential statistics, namely, factor analysis. The results of the research analysis concluded that the three components of the dominant factors affecting the workload of horticultural farmers are: (1) type of work, body mass index, and calorie intake; (2) work experience, motivation, income, work posture, lifting, and work duration; and (3) work aids, age, and work environment. It is recommended to conduct further research on things that can reduce the workload of horticultural farmers in agro-tourism areas.

Academic Workloads: Insights from Medical and Non-medical Lecturers’ Experience in Universiti Sains Malaysia

Academic workload is crucial for effective educational management, but measuring it is challenging due to varying field-specific demands. This study explored the components of academic workload among medical and non-medical lecturers at a Malaysian public university through a phenomenological approach. Focus group discussions (FGDs) with full-time, permanent lecturers were used to gather insights. The FGDs were moderated, audio-recorded, and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis was conducted using ATLAS.ti version 7, following six steps: reading transcripts, labelling meaningful texts into codes, identifying important codes, compiling related codes into categories, labelling categories, and presenting results. Each transcript was coded by two researchers, with final themes discussed for consensus. Twenty-three lecturers from diverse fields (arts, humanities, health sciences, medicine, engineering, pure sciences, and social sciences) participated. Ten categories of academic workload were identified: teaching, research, administration, supervision, quality assurance, external activities, service, assessment, income generation, and continuous education. These were grouped into four themes: educational load (teaching, supervision, and assessment), scholarly activity load (research and external activities), academic quality load (quality assurance and continuous education), and institutional load (administration, income generation, and service). The study highlighted that academic workloads are intricately linked to the multifaceted roles of academics as educators, scholars, leaders, managers, and professionals.

Measurement of Physical and Mental Workload in Onlline Ojek Drivers: A Case Study in Serang City

The development of online motorcycle taxi transportation has received a good response in the community. With this application, it makes it easier for people to order motorcycle taxis more practically. Many online motorcycle taxi drivers have complaints while working, one of which is the obligation to meet life's necessities which causes the physical and mental workload to increase. This study aims to measure the physical and mental workload of online motorcycle taxi drivers in Serang City. Data collection was carried out by measuring heart rate with a Polar H10 and filling out the NASA-TLX questionnaire which was distributed to online motorcycle taxi drivers who were willing to be respondents. Data processing starts from measuring heart rate, with an average %CVL value obtained of 40.08%. This value is included in the physical workload category that requires improvement. Mental workload data, calculated through the NASA-TLX method, averaged 74.20, which is classified as high. To alleviate these workloads, it's suggested to incorporate 90-minute break periods, redesign automatic motorcycles with extra footrests, use energy sprays, implement road congestion detection tools, enhance the quality of ride-hailing apps, and minimize exposure to heat stress.

Medical Educator Perceptions of Faculty Effort and Intent to Stay in Academic Medicine.

Core roles of medical school faculty are increasingly diverse, substantial, and evolving. In alignment with this dynamic nature of medical education, faculty effort should be accurately appraised, constantly evaluated, and rewarded to ensure faculty satisfaction and promote a culture of belonging. The study goal was to examine the imbalance in official assignments and perceptions of medical school faculty effort in various educator domains. An 80-item survey was designed to collect quantitative and qualitative measures of faculty perceptions of effort. Survey questions collected data on faculty demographics, intent to stay, and perceptions of effort in the following educator domains: teaching, educational leadership and administration, research and scholarship, and service. A mixed methods approach was utilized in data analysis. Eighty-eight complete survey responses were collected between February and May of 2022 from respondents from 27 states. There was a significant disparity between assigned and perceived effort in the educator domains of teaching, research, and service (P < 0.01). Faculty satisfaction with percent effort dedicated to teaching significantly correlated with intent to stay (P < 0.05). Satisfaction with workload assignments was higher with advanced academic rank and male gender. Qualitative analysis identified many key themes in the categories of promotion, workload, resources, and retention. Our study revealed that satisfaction with workload directly correlates with intent to stay, and principles of equitable workload distribution are violated from the perspective of the medical educator. This data provides critical information that can be used to assist medical schools in developing metrics to evaluate faculty performance in medical education and improve retention in academic medicine.

DLSTM-MSF: Distributed LSTM Models for Multimedia Streaming Workload Forecasting Based on Kafka Environment

This paper introduces DLSTM-MSF, a distributed approach designed to address the challenge of demand forecasting in multimedia streaming workloads. DLSTM-MSF leverages the power of multi-LSTM networks, each tailored to predict data demand for a specific type of multimedia streaming workload. The central problem addressed in this research is the accurate prediction of workload demand in a dynamic and diverse multimedia streaming environment. To achieve specialization, the training time series set for each LSTM network comprises examples with targets belonging exclusively to the workload type it is designed to predict. This specialization ensures that each LSTM network becomes proficient at capturing the unique demand patterns associated with its designated workload category. The methodology of the proposed approach is based on building the best forecasting model for each multimedia streaming workload type by exploring various combinations of LSTM hyper-parameters using the grid search method. This enables the proposed approach to effectively capture nonlinear patterns in time series data. Furthermore, the implementation of DLSTM-MSF incorporates Apache Kafka for online demand prediction, utilizing the best-developed model for each workload type. Experimental evaluations of DLSTM-MSF compare the performance of two ensemble-learning LSTM models (Ensemble V1 and Ensemble V2) with a single LSTM model. The results unequivocally highlight the superiority of Ensemble V1, with reductions of 71.85% and 74.88% in RMSE and MAE values, respectively, compared to the single LSTM model. Index Terms— Multimedia streaming, LSTM, Ensemble learning, Forecasting, Workload Demand, Big data.

An Analysis of Physiological Workload on Pure Coconut Oil Production Process

This study aims to analyze the physiological workload in the virgin coconut oil production process based on energy expenditure evaluations and determine rest periods to ensure that work does not require excessive energy. Assessment of workload objectively using pulse indicators and energy consumption (energy cost) observations at the four stages of the virgin coconut oil production process, namely the process of stripping the coconut husk, the process of cutting the coconut shell, the process of grating the coconut and the process of cooking the coconut milk. The energy expenditure of workers in the coconut coir stripping section is 5,138 kcal/min, the coconut shell cutting section is 2,552 kcal/min, the coconut meat grating section is 3,575 kcal/min, and the coconut milk cooking section is 2,885 kcal/min. Hence the coco coir stripping workstation is included in the heavy workload category with an average cardiovascular load value of %CVL of 56%, which means that the work needs to be improved; the recommended work-rest cycle for workers at the coco peeling workstation is 47 minutes. The workstation for cutting coconut shells to cooking coconut milk is included in the category of moderate workload with a value of %CVL ≤33%, still within the recommended workload limit.

An Analysis of Physiological Workload on Pure Coconut Oil Production Process

This study aims to analyze the physiological workload in the virgin coconut oil production process based on energy expenditure evaluations and determine rest periods to ensure that work does not require excessive energy. Assessment of workload objectively using pulse indicators and energy consumption (energy cost) observations at the four stages of the virgin coconut oil production process, namely the process of stripping the coconut husk, the process of cutting the coconut shell, the process of grating the coconut and the process of cooking the coconut milk. The energy expenditure of workers in the coconut coir stripping section is 5,138 kcal/min, the coconut shell cutting section is 2,552 kcal/min, the coconut meat grating section is 3,575 kcal/min, and the coconut milk cooking section is 2,885 kcal/min. Hence the coco coir stripping workstation is included in the heavy workload category with an average cardiovascular load value of %CVL of 56%, which means that the work needs to be improved; the recommended work-rest cycle for workers at the coco peeling workstation is 47 minutes. The workstation for cutting coconut shells to cooking coconut milk is included in the category of moderate workload with a value of %CVL ≤33%, still within the recommended workload limit.

Explainable real-time predictive analytics on employee workload in digital railway control rooms

Both workload peaks and lows contribute to lower employee well-being. Predictive employee workload analytics can empower management to undertake proactive prevention. For this purpose, we develop a real-time machine learning framework to predict and explain future workload in a challenging environment with variable and imbalanced workload: the digital control rooms for railway traffic management of Infrabel, Belgium’s railway infrastructure company. The proposed two-stage methodology leverages granular data of workload categories that are very different in nature and separates the effects of workload presence and magnitude. In this way, the set-up addresses the changing workload mix over 15-minute intervals. We extensively benchmark machine learning and deep learning models within this context, leading to LightGBM (Light Gradient Boosting Machine) as the best-performing model. SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) values highlight the benefits of disentangling presence and magnitude and reveal associations with human-machine interaction and team exposure. As a proof of concept, our implemented predictive model offers tailored decision support to the traffic supervisor in an explainable way. In particular, the tool depicts overloaded and/or underloaded workstations and provides in-depth insights through local SHAP values.

Beban Kerja Operator Menggunakan Metode CVL dan NASA-TLX PT. Batanghari Barisan

Batang Haribarisan is a company engaged in the processing of raw rubber into semi-finished goods (work in process). The type of product produced is crumb rubber. PT. Batanghari Barisan still has a lot of work that is done manually which can cause workload both physically and mentally, therefore it is necessary to measure the physical and mental workload for workers to find out whether the work carried out is included in the workload category that is safe to do in long period of time. The methods that can be used are the Cardio Vascular Load (CVL) and National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) methods. It is known that the measurement of physical workload using the CVL method, there is workload in the category that needs to be repaired, namely breaker and hammermill operators, with a percentage of 32.05% and 32.65%. Both types of work require high physical labor because most of the work is done standing, monotonous and repetitive. and secondly, the operator's age is considered old, namely 56 years and 47 years, so that it affects the perceived workload. Based on the results of mental workload calculations using the NASA-TLX method that has been carried out. Whereas the mental workload with indicators is Mental Needs (MD) of 170, Physical Needs (PD) of 540, Time Requirements (TD) of 280, Work Performance (OP) of 390, Level of Effort (EF) of 510, and Frustration Level (FR) of 180.

Analysis of the Effect of Working Hours on Mental Workload Using the Subjective Workload Assessment Technique Method

This research contains a study of the effect of working hours on mental workload using the Subjective Workload Assessment Technique (SWAT) method. Workload is a consequence of activities given to workers, worker activities can basically be distinguished between physical activities and mental activities. In practice, the workload encountered is a combination of physical workload and mental workload. This study aims to measure mental workload at 10 work stations in the production section at PT Berlian Eka Sakti Tangguh. The SWAT method is a subjective mental workload measurement method based on workers' perceptions. The dimensions are time load, mental effort load and psychological pressure load. The results of the calculation of workload based on SWAT found that the workload category of workers in the production section is at a moderate and high level. The highest workload was experienced at the palm oil storage station (5 workers) at 83.71%. The lowest workload was experienced at the stewing station (3 workers) at 27.36%.

Employee Workload Analysis at The Financial Services Authority Human Resources Management Directorate with Full Time Equivalent (FTE)

The Financial Services Authority (OJK) is a public institution that has a statutory mandate to regulate and oversee the financial services sector and protect consumers. At the present time, the financial services sector is experiencing positive developments so that the OJK is also supporting this function by providing human resources. So that there is an increase in staff at OJK resulting in an increase in workload at the Directorate of Human Resources Management (DLSM) which has the function of managing human resources. On the other hand, OJK has not yet calculated employee workload and does not yet have a standardized method for calculating employee workload and employee needs. This study aims to analyze the current workload of employees with Full Time Equivalent (FTE) and the ideal employee needs as well as provide strategies to deal with underload, normal, and overloaded workload scale conditions in the Directorate of Human Resource Management at the Financial Services Authority. The results of the research that has been done are 12 employees in the Overload workload category, 13 employees in the Normal workload category, and 1 employee in the Underload workload category. Based on this FTE calculation, it is known that there is a shortage of 23 people. So several steps are proposed to meet the needs of employees and to equalize the workload of employees in the DLSM. The results of the research that has been done are 12 employees in the Overload workload category, 13 employees in the Normal workload category, and 1 employee in the Underload workload category. Based on this FTE calculation, it is known that there is a shortage of 23 people. So several steps are proposed to meet the needs of employees and to equalize the workload of employees in the DLSM.

Improving Work Attitudes And Assistive Devices Can Reduce Subjective Complaints And Increase The Productivity Of Weavers

Gringsing weaving products is a part of handicraft or home industry. They are still confessed at present and produced by simple technology with hand in hand. This activity as a business of income from the most of women in Tenganan Pegringsingan Village of Manggis Sub District, Karangasem Regency. A work attitude with no planned well and they do not use a tool instruments for helping then working correctly, it is caused a subjective complaints of the workers so the production is not maximally and will cause the productivity of the workers come down. Woven products workers is required a carefulness and neatness of the workers, with long sitting posture on the flour covered by something material. It is not aware of this problem in to the anatomy and physiology of the workers and they will have a lot of complaint, sick, or pain on their next, hand, low back, anus, thigh, eyes. It is caused static work load frequently, so that they will be to come a decrease activity and low motivations, it’is activity and the work is not done efficient and effective. The variable that is measured in this study is decrease workload, subjective complaint, work efficiency (long work), and work productivity. The research has been studied to the sixteen weaving workers that were chosen without rules with treatment by subject program with cross over design, its analyses unit considering group variance. It has been intervened by work attitude with supporting tool for instant ‘peliper, tingklik, por (supported by sponge), barble, and using eyes glasses and group workers. This study is analyzed by t-paired, and there is a significant work load reduction (p&lt;0.005), which is the pulse of the workers come down from 89,62 beats per minutes to be 82,56 beats per minutes (±5,60) in the same of the light work load category. The subjective complaints of the work load come down showed significant value (p&lt;0.005) that is from Nordic Body Map score 56,92 (16.14) to be 28.86 (7.32). By the efficient work 7 hours a day with support tools, it is to be come the productivity increase (0,34%) and work productivity (7,9%) significantly (p&lt;0.005).

ANALYSIS OF MENTAL WORKLOAD USING THE NASA-TLX METHOD FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS AT PT. DOLOMITES PUTERA TAMIANG

The workload is the difference between the ability of workers with job demands. If the ability of workers is higher than the demands of the job, then boredom will appear, and vice versa. The method used is the NASA TLX method, and the instrument used is the NASA-TLX questionnaire given to 16 respondents. Results and Discussion The average of the six indicators of shift 1 is an indicator of mental needs with an average value of 146.88, an indicator of physical needs with an average value of 237.5, an indicator of time needs with an average value of 140, a performance indicator with a value of an average of 119.38, an indicator of the level of effort with an average value of 247.88, an indicator of the level of frustration with an average value of 82.5. In conclusion, the mental workload level of the production workers for both shifts is included in the high workload category. The dominant indicators for the activities of the first shift workers in the production section are the level of effort indicators, indicators of physical needs, indicators of mental needs, indicators of time requirements, and performance indicators. . The dominant indicators in worker activity in Shift II in the production section are indicators of physical needs, levels of effort, indicators of time requirements, indicators of mental needs, performance indicators, and the last indicator is frustration.

Studi Tentang Kelelahan Kerja pada Pegawai di Laboratorium Pengujian Teknik Bidang Bina Marga Dina Pupr Provinsi NTT Tahun 2022

Fatigue has the meaning of a person's body's ability to convey that his body has exceeded the limits of its ability to do work. So there is a need for recovery by resting. The research objective was to find out the description of employee fatigue based on age, gender, workload and employee working hours. The type of research used is quantitative descriptive research. The research population is all employees, namely 68 people with a sampling technique using a total sampling technique, namely taking the entire population to be used as research objects. The results showed that 42 people (61.8%) were tired, 26 people (38.2%) were very tired. Age 15-45 years tired 30 people (31.5%) and very tired 21 people (19.5%), aged 46-64 years tired 12 people (10.5%) and very tired 5 people (6.5%) ). Gender tired men 29 people (30.9%), women 13 people (11.1%), while very tired men 21 people (19.1%) and women 5 people (6.9%) ). The workload is quite good, 14 people (12.4%) are tired, and 6 people (7.6%) are very tired. Good workload 21 people (22.2%) are tired and 15 people (13.8%) are very tired, while employees in the very good workload category 7 people (13.8%) are tired and 5 people are very tired (4.6%) ). Employees with long working hours of 6-8 hours who are tired 19 people (15.4%) are very tired 6 people (9.6%), employees with working hours/day &gt; 8 hours are tired 23 people (26.6%) and 20 people (16.4%) were very tired. The advice given is to make a standard operation of work implementation (SOP) so that employees remain in accordance with work standards so as to create a comfortable working atmosphere to reduce the risk of fatigue due to work.

NASA-TLX Assessment of Mental Workload in Manufacturing Industry

Mental workload assessment is essential for the optimal interaction of human system in the manufacturing industry. Manufacturing industry engaged in the construction, maintenance, and fabrication service. Performance of the worker will be lower if the higher workload. In the manufacturing industry are two type of workers that mainly involved in the fabrication process such as operator and welder. In This process was found several defects in the finished good which caused the company to suffer losses. Fatigue due to overtime work for seven days and a high mental workload. The aim of this study was to measure the mental workload in the manufacturing industry. In This study was performed on 10 worker in the operator and welder. Mental workload were assessed using NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) and Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) tools. One operator workers and one of welders belonged to the heavy workload category. Finally, NASA-TLX was significantly higher for operator and welder. High mental workload in the manufacturing industry indicated the defection on mental workload. It is recommended to fixes are evaluating and updating rule work, system work, and existing SOP

A Quasi-Experimental Study of Young Coconut Water in Reducing Fatigue on Construction Workers

Excessive sweating will cause the sodium chloride salt content in the body to be excreted along with sweat, thereby inhibiting glucose transport and causing fatigue. The potassium and sugar content of coconut water is known to recover dehydration and reduce fatigue. A Quasi-Experimental method has been conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of young coconut water in reducing fatigue on construction workers. This experiment employed a hundred workers from two main construction projects in North Sumatra recently. Most of the respondents are a handyman (64%) of productive ages at 36-45 yrs (42%) with less than 5 years experience (72%) doing moderate workload (64%). A non-parametric test showed significant differences in work fatigue among the intervention group with a p-value 0.001, while the control group showed no significant difference with a p-value 0.056. Moreover, the N-Gain score of the intervention group was -13.37 or 13.3%, while in the control group was -0.62. This study was also supported by the quasi analysis on the ages category, years of works, types of work, and workload category, which showed significant differences between pre-test and post-test of the intervention groups. This study suggested the consumption of young coconut water to reduce fatigue due to its nutrient and mineral content.

The Plethora of Working Self Out: Relationship Between Workload and Emotional Exhaustion among High School Teachers in Kiambu County, Kenya

Le ss emotional exhaustion among teachers is critical in ensuring that they perform optimally in their various workloads. However, few studies have explored how teacher workload can contribute to emotional exhaustion. The current study examined how various workload categories relate to emotional exhaustion among teachers in public high schools in Kiambu County, Kenya. The research adopted a descriptive survey design using a random sample of 367 participants drawn from 4447 teachers working in public high schools in Kiambu County at the time. The quantitative data were collected using a workload questionnaire for assessing workload and the Maslach Burnout Inventory Scale (MBI-S) for burnout. The qualitative data were gathered using a structured interview guide and focus group discussions. The study used Job Demand-Resource and Multidimensional theories to explain the relationship. The results indicate a relationship between workload and emotional exhaustion among teachers in public high schools.

Workload Analysis Using Cardiovascular Load and NASA-TLX Method Of Emergency Room Health Workers (Case Study: Rumah Sakit Tingkat III Brawijaya)

Emergency Room (ER) at RS Tingkat III Brawijaya is the first work unit that patients visit when they need first aid with various complaints. Kinds of patients in emergency medical services RS. Tingkat III Brawijaya are patients at risk of dying who require rapid treatment, patients not at risk of dying but requiring rapid treatment, and patients with non-critical and non-urgent conditions. The demands of time and professionalism from the emergency room health workers, that are the doctors and nurses when on duty, can have implications for the emergence of physical and mental burdens, including muscle pain, headaches and stress. This research purposed to analyze the physical and mental workload of emergency room health workers using the Cardiovascular Load and NASA TLX methods. The calculation results show that 5 health workers have a CVL percentage above 30, which is a repair that is needed but not urgent. Then with the NASA-TLX method, it is known that 21 health workers have a High workload and 2 others have a Very High workload category.

STUDY OF WORKLOAD, JOB SATISFACTION AND EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE IN MEDICAL RECORD INSTALLATION OF LUBUK PAKAM HOSPITAL

The success of a hospital in carrying out its role in individual health services and public health is determined by professional and quality human resources who have good performance. One of the human resources that plays an important role in achieving this role is the medical record employee who documents the actions given while in the hospital. This study is a qualitative research that aims to explore the relationship between workload and job satisfaction with employee performance. The research was conducted at Grandmed Lubuk Pakam Hospital. The sample was taken by purposive sampling, while the data was collected by conducting interviews, Focus Group Discussion (FGD), observation and document review. The validity of the data in this study was carried out through method triangulation and source triangulation. The results showed that workload and job satisfaction were related to employee performance. Most employees are included in the heavy workload category (60%) while the lowest employee performance is in the quantity aspect of work (70%). Therefore, performance improvement can be done by providing a workload that is in accordance with the abilities and abilities of employees.

Beban Kerja dan Stres Kerja Perawat di Masa Pandemi Covid-19

This study aims to analyze the relationship between workload and work stress on nurses during the Covid-19 pandemic. This type of research is quantitative observational research with a descriptive method. The research sample was nurses in the inpatient room, totaling 31 people. The results showed that the most respondents in the high workload category were 19 respondents (61.3%), and in the high-stress level category were 16 respondents (51.6%) and a p-value of 0.029 (&lt;0.05), so it can be concluded that there is the relationship between workload and nurse work stress with a positive correlation coefficient value. In conclusion, there is a significant relationship between workload and nurse work stress during the Covid-19 pandemic.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: Workload, Work Stress, Nurse