Working Relationships Research Articles

Relaciones sociales y estado de bienestar de los y las agentes de Policía Nacional Civil de El Salvador. Factores de protección y factores de riesgo

In any society, police forces play a key role in maintaining peace and security. In the case of El Salvador, the National Civil Police (PNC) is the primary state agency responsible for serving and protecting the Salvadoran population, maintaining order and security from a human rights perspective. This task becomes more complex in a country where the homicide rate has reached high levels in recent decade.2015 was considered asone of the most violent years globally, recording a rate of 103 victims of violent acts per 100,000 inhabitants. In response to violence affecting the country, various administrations have implemented different security policies, with the PNC being the entity responsible for their execution.This article aims to look beyond the National Civil Police as a state corporation in charge of security, focusing instead on the individuals who comprise it, primarily police officers. The study seeks to investigate the various protective factors and risk factors affecting the well-being of officers within the different social relationships they engage in, including family relationships, work relationships, and interactions with the public. This is set within a social context marked by violence, in which they have been given a prominent role in addressing this issue.

Donat Semenovich Sarkisov: on Pathological Anatomy, Experimental Medicine and Philosophy

D.S. Sarkisov is an outstanding pathologist, scientist, researcher and philosopher. The works of D.S. Sarkisov do not lose their relevance in the 21st century, when medicine is moving far forward thanks to modern high-tech techniques. However, turning to the yellowed pages of D.S. Sarkisov’s works, one can find discussions on topical topics in medicine, such as the formulation of a diagnosis, which is impossible not to argue about today. Thanks to his philosophical approach to the organization of work, D.S. Sarkisov was able to create generalizing works, for example, in the field of experimental medicine, as a result of which we can, after reading one of his books, get a general idea of the current state of the issue. This rare ability to rise above all pressingmedical issues and the scientific data accumulated on them allowed Donat Semenovich to win the true respect and love of fellow clinicians and pathologists. I.V. Davydovsky had another equally extraordinary approach to work, the similarity of opinions with whom the authors discuss within the article. The desire for a comprehensive discussion of medical and scientific problems brought D.S. Sarkisov not only to face-to-face conferences, but also to the pages of well-deserved scientific publications. The discussions of D.S. Sarkisov and colleagues serve as a brilliant example of scientific dialogue. In personal and work relationships, D.S. Sarkisov also left an indelible impression on people who were lucky enough to communicate with him in person, as evidenced by touching articles dedicated to his memory.

‘It's about collaboration’: a whole-systems approach to understanding and promoting movement in Suffolk

BackgroundPopulation-levels of physical activity have remained stagnant for years. Previous approaches to modify behaviour have broadly neglected the importance of whole-systems approaches. Our research aimed to (i) understand, (ii) map, (iii) identify the leverage points, and (iv) develop solutions surrounding participation in physical activity across an English rural county.MethodsA systems-consortium of partners from regional and local government, charities, providers, deliverers, advocacy groups, and health and social care, and public health engaged in our research, which consisted of two-phases. Within Phase 1, we used secondary data, insight-work, a narrative review, participatory workshops, and interviews in a pluralistic style to map the system-representing physical activity. Phase 2 began with an initial analysis using markers from social network analysis and the Action Scales Model. This analysis informed a participatory workshop, to identify leverage points, and develop solutions for change within the county.ResultsThe systems-map is constructed from biological, financial, and psychological individual factors, interpersonal factors, systems partners, built, natural and social environmental factors, and policy and structural factors. Our initial analysis found 13 leverage points to review within our participatory workshop. When appraised by the group, (i) local governing policies, (ii) shared policies, strategies, vision, and working relationships, (iii) shared facilities (school, sport, community, recreation), and (iv) funding were deemed most important to change. Within group discussions, participants stressed the importance and challenges associated with shared working relationships, a collective vision, and strategy, the role of funding, and management of resources. Actions to leverage change included raising awareness with partners beyond the system, sharing policies, resources, insight, evidence, and capacity, and collaborating to co-produce a collective vision and strategy.ConclusionsOur findings highlight the importance and provide insight into the early phase of a whole-systems approach to promoting physical activity. Our whole-systems approach within Suffolk needs to consider methods to (i) grow and maintain the systems-consortium, (ii) create a sustainable means to map the system and identify leverage points within it, and (iii) monitor and evaluate change.

Practices and perspectives of genetic counselors about high-risk pancreatic cancer screening: A cross-sectional survey study.

Surveillance of individuals at high-risk of pancreatic cancer using CAPS criteria and other expert consensus guidelines may result in earlier pancreatic cancer detection in some cases; therefore, clinicians are responsible for appropriately identifying and referring these individuals to appropriate high-risk pancreas cancer screening programs. This study aimed at assessing the perspective, knowledge, and clinical practices of cancer genetic counselors surveyed nationwide towards identification of individuals at high-risk of pancreatic cancer and utilization of high-risk pancreatic cancer screening programs. One hundred and eighty-nine genetic counselors who listed "Cancer" as their specialty on the NSGC website responded to the survey, which consisted of multiple practice-based, knowledge-based, and clinical vignette-based questions. Almost 70% of the genetic counselors surveyed accurately identified when an individual would be considered for high-risk pancreatic cancer screening, when using 2019 CAPS consensus guidelines as a benchmark. Access to high-risk pancreatic cancer screening programs and increased provider comfort in counseling individuals at high-risk of pancreatic cancer were found to be statistically associated in accurate identification of high-risk individuals in three of the clinical vignettes. Additionally, 60% of genetic counselors reported the majority of high-risk individuals accept a referral for pancreatic cancer screening, which shows a high uptake of patients accepting referrals from genetic counselors. Genetic counselors have high accuracy in determining who is eligible for high-risk pancreas screening; thus, they are the ideal providers for initiating referrals to high-risk pancreatic cancer screening programs. Genetic counseling programs and high-risk pancreatic cancer screening programs should establish a close working relationship to optimize the identification and subsequent referrals of high-risk individuals eligible for pancreas cancer screening.

Embedding Service User Experience ('Experts by Experience') Into Undergraduate Mental Health Nursing Education: A Co-Production Research Project.

Internationally, the need to have service user involvement (the 'voice' of recovery journeys) as an established and significant feature on the landscape of professional development has been widely discussed in the area of mental health nursing (MHN) education for over a decade. Service user involvement contributes to a different understanding, bringing 'new' ways of knowing in nursing education and potentially new ways of practicing within mental health services. The objective of this co-produced research was to investigate the current local 'state of play' of service user involvement in MHN student education in a regional university in the Republic of Ireland. This was not research 'on' participants as conventionally conceived, but rather research 'with' participants as co-researchers. Therefore, a group of people [i.e., 'experts by experience/service users' (n = 2), 'student nurses' (n = 2), 'nurse academics' (n = 2)], came together by agreement in recognition of a problem (service user engagement in education) to seek local knowledge and through 'creative dialogue' to identify potential improvements/developments. The key outcomes concentrated on the need for person-centred care to be more than a one-off lecture in a course, but to be central to MHN education and ongoing practice. The need for MHNs to be educated to grasp that the individual they work with is not 'an island', but is connected to a wider network of family, friends and potentially peer support workers, etc. is highlighted. To enhance MHN education going forward, there is a need for 'lived experience' to be a consistent element of education programmes. Achieving this will require stable working relationships with the establishment of career pathways for 'experts by experience' to develop skills and experience in education settings. The pace of culture change in MHN education is sporadic at best and downright slow at worst. However, a lot has been done, but there is more to do: 'We've come a long way, but we still have a long way to go…'.

Understanding the experiences of autistic high school students and neurodivergent job coaches in a summer employment program: an interpretive description study

Purpose This study explores the experiences of autistic youth and neurodivergent job coaches during a job training program. Methods Interpretive Description methodology guided this study. Two researchers facilitated virtual focus groups with autistic students and neurodivergent job coaches separately before (n = 14) and after (n = 12) the program. Thematic analysis was conducted to identify codes and develop themes. Results Seven themes were developed, which included both autistic high school students and neurodivergent job coaches’ perspectives about JTP: JTP surprised students; unexpected experience of working, students experienced a sense of community support in transitioning to work, students built rapport with neurodivergent job coaches, neurodivergent job coaches were buffers to students, building trusting connection; neurodivergent job coaches’ interactions with students, unexpected reality and a sense of community in coaching autistic students, and neurodivergent job coaches’ personal growth and the evolving role of coaching. Conclusion The findings of this study suggest that positive work experiences and relationships between neurodivergent job coaches and students occurred within a specific program that recommended clear communication about expectations, roles, and support preferences. The findings can guide future community partnerships to promote workplace participation and facilitate accommodations based on the needs of neurodivergent population, including autistic individuals.

How to assess a patient's chronic pain.

Chronic pain is complex and multifactorial, and it can have a significant negative effect on all aspects of a person's daily life such as their physical activity, sleep, mood, ability to work and personal relationships. Given the complex nature of chronic pain, it is essential that nurses are able to undertake a comprehensive pain assessment to fully understand each individual's total pain experience. • A holistic, person-centred approach should be used when assessing someone living with chronic pain. • There is a wide range of pain assessment tools available, and their use varies depending on the practice setting and the type of pain being reported. • It is essential that any assessment captures the individual's experience of their pain. REFLECTIVE ACTIVITY: ' How to' articles can help to update your practice and ensure it remains evidence-based. Apply this article to your practice. Reflect on and write a short account of: • How this article might improve your practice when undertaking an assessment of a patient's chronic pain. • How you could use this information to educate nursing students or your colleagues on the appropriate steps when undertaking an assessment of chronic pain.

Advice to early career nutritionists on working in and with the food industry.

Early career researchers (ECRs) in nutrition and related fields often wish to approach commercial organisations for possible funding or collaboration in scientific projects and other activities. However, ECRs may experience challenges from their limited experience, lack of understanding of the food industry and concerns about working practices and research integrity. This commentary is oriented toward providing some basic, practical guidance for nutritionist scientists, to help in developing credible, principled and effective working relationships with the food industry. Based on the author's experience as an academic and industry researcher, and an advisor to academic-industry collaborative projects, the text addresses a range of related aspects including: understanding and approaching the food industry; the industry environment and drivers; contracts, confidentiality and communication; potential challenges; and ensuring scientific integrity.

Pediatric Brain Tumors in Western Kenya: Patient Outcomes and Healthcare Providers' Perspectives.

Pediatric brain tumors are understudied compared to other pediatric malignancies in low- and middle-income countries. Care delivery is inherently dependent on collaboration between multiple departments. This study aimed to present baseline data of pediatric neuro-oncology care in Western Kenya and illustrate barriers and facilitators of multidisciplinary care. We performed a mixed-methods study using medical records and interviews. Children below age 19years, managed for a brain tumor at the neurosurgery or pediatric oncology departments between 2015 and 2022, were included. Various cadres (consultants, residents, medical officers, clinical officers, nurses, counselors) and teams (neurosurgery, pediatric oncology, radio-oncology, radiology, pathology) involved in pediatric brain tumor care participated. Seventy-nine brain tumor patients were identified. The most prevalent confirmed diagnosis was medulloblastoma (n = 21). Most patients underwent surgery (n = 60; 76%). Event-free survival rate at 2years was 13%. Abandonment was the most common (n = 36; 46%) treatment failure. Multidisciplinary consultation occurred more frequently between 2020 and 2022 than between 2015 and 2019 (OR 2.7 [95% CI: 1.0-6.9; p = 0.04]). Barriers and potential facilitators of multidisciplinary management were resources, diagnostic and therapeutic flow, standards, knowledge, information comprehension, and work relationships. Themes interacted at a governmental, facility, and community levels. This baseline overview of pediatric neuro-oncology care in Western Kenya showed that survival of children with pediatric brain tumors was poor and treatment abandonment was common. Strengthening the capacity at different organizational levels will improve continuity of care and expand the knowledge to support holistic multidisciplinary care for children with brain tumors in Kenya.

A multi-constituent qualitative examination of facilitators and barriers to caregiver coaching for autistic children in publicly funded early intervention.

Caregiver coaching is an evidence-based practice for young autistic children, but it is not widely used in community-based early intervention services. Previous research has explored why caregiver coaching is not widespread in early intervention, but only from the perspective of early intervention providers. Caregivers, providers, and administrators are all involved in the decision of whether to use caregiver coaching in early intervention. Therefore, it is important to include all perspectives in research regarding this practice. In this study we interviewed 20 caregivers of autistic children, 36 early intervention providers, and 6 administrators from early intervention agencies and asked questions about their perspectives regarding the use of caregiver coaching in early intervention. We did this to figure out what factors help and hinder the use of caregiver coaching in this setting and to see how caregivers, providers, and administrators agreed or disagreed on these factors. All participants agreed that caregivers' attitudes and expectations can influence whether caregiver coaching is used. In addition, all participants agreed that when caregivers and providers collaborate and have a strong working relationship, it can facilitate the use of caregiver coaching in early intervention. Other factors, such as caregiver stress and provider flexibility were also discussed. Based on these findings, we suggest strategies that can be used to possibly increase the use of caregiver coaching in early intervention for autistic children and their families.

PROCEDURE FOR TERMINATION OF EMPLOYMENT RELATIONS IN THE PANCASILA INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS CONCEPT

In the Pancasila Industrial Relations concept, the rights and responsibilities of employers and workers in a work relationship are balanced. This balance is achieved not based on considerations of strength (overall influence), but based on feelings of justice and honor. In addition, Pancasila Industrial Relations believes that company results achieved through cooperation between workers and entrepreneurs must be enjoyed equally by taking into account the sacrifices made by each individual. When a work stoppage occurs, this method is also assisted through a component that is a marker of Pancasila standards in legal guidelines through Law Number 2 of 2004 concerning Settlement of Industrial Relations Problems. This research employed normative juridical research methods Referring to Government Regulation Number 35 of 2021 concerning Specific Time Work Agreements, Outsourcing, Working Time and Rest Time and Termination of Employment Relations, if there is termination of employment in accordance with the reasons for Termination of Employment, then the formulation of the amount of rights that the worker has at the time of termination of employment work adjusted to the reason for termination of employment. As the government's response to the difficulties and dynamics of competency and productivity-based employment relationships, this regulation was promulgated to provide guidelines for ending employment relationships because it is very necessary in efforts to protect rights and government assistance in fulfilling the welfare of workers/employees both during work, especially after the end of work friendships

Interprofessional Education in Healthcare: Benefits, Challenges, and Impacts on Drug Management and Patient Care

Interprofessional education (IPE) is an integral component of healthcare training that encourages close working relationships among different healthcare professionals. Driven by its curriculum goal of integrating students from diverse fields like medicine, pharmacy, nursing and allied health to emphasize the development of key competencies for participation in teams and medication management, this approach brings students from all these fields together. IPE exposes students to common learning experiences which help students learn about their roles and responsibilities in patient care. Research indicates that collaborative learning environments not only serve to increase the knowledge that participants have of drug therapy but also aid in improving patient outcomes by decreasing medication errors as well as promoting patient-centric care. The IPE's impact on collaborative practice was discussed, with specific attention to the role played by medical education on medication management and patient outcomes.

HUMAN NATURE RELATIONSHIPS IN ECOCRITICAL CONTEXT: A STUDY OF WORKS BY J. G. BALLARD AND BARBARA KINGSOLVER

This paper examines the contrasting depictions of human-nature relationships in the literary works of J. G. Ballard and Barbara Kingsolver, focusing specifically on themes of ecological degradation, human agency, and coexistence. Through a detailed analysis of Ballard’s dystopian visions in The Drowned World and The Crystal World, alongside Kingsolver’s narratives of ecological interconnectedness in Flight Behavior and Prodigal Summer, this study highlights the varying approaches these authors take to explore the interactions between humans and the environment. Ballard’s works portray a fatalistic view of the future where environmental calamities dominate, underscoring the consequences of human actions and the inevitable collapse of societal structures. In contrast, Kingsolver’s novels offer a hopeful perspective, emphasizing the possibility of sustainable coexistence and proactive environmental stewardship. By juxtaposing these perspectives, the paper reveals how literature can reflect and shape public perceptions of ecological issues, and argues for the importance of narrative diversity in fostering a comprehensive understanding of environmental crises.

Relación trabajo-familia en trabajadores de empresas privadas: Una revisión sistemática

The importance of understanding how work-family affects people's lives has been recognized in light of increasing work demands and family obligations. This review proposed to carry out a systematic search of the recent scientific literature to analyze the work-family relationship in workers of private companies. Following the PRISMA methodology, searches were carried out in the WOS, SCOPUS and SCIELO databases, including academic articles, in Spanish and English. 19 relevant investigations that analyzed the subject of study and that met the determined eligibility criteria were included. A predominance of quantitative, non-experimental and relational studies is observed, in addition, the majority of the samples come from Portugal, established non-probabilistically and of moderate size, a diversity of dimensions is evident, as well as, they were addressed largely from cross-sectional designs. Longitudinal studies with more diverse samples are necessary, particularly for the Latin American context.

Nonequilibrium potential for linear energy harvester and work relationships

Nonequilibrium potential for linear energy harvester and work relationships

Unravelling the Path to Organizational Commitment: The Mediating Role of Perceived Organizational Support and the Moderating Role of Career Stages in High-performance Work Systems

The study explains how and when high-performance work practices (HPWPs) positively relate to organizational commitment. Specifically, it tries to unleash the black box mechanism between perceived HPWPs and organizational commitment through mediating and moderating factors from the social exchange perspective. A quantitative research design and a cross-sectional approach are used to collect data with the help of a self-administered questionnaire from 250 employees of different cities in Punjab, Pakistan. According to the findings, when employees are in the maintenance stage instead of the establishment and advancement stages, HPWPs are significantly positively associated with perceived organizational support (POS). It expands our understanding of human resources (HR) practices and empirically investigates the significance of career stages in this context. The contribution of this study is twofold; first, our study adds to the body of empirical work on HPWPs and the discussion of organizational commitment. It includes a more comprehensive understanding of social exchange relationships in the form of social, human and cultural capital that we know as POS, which organizations provide to employees. Second, by examining the function of POS in an HPWP environment, it identifies the antecedents of POS through HR practices at the employee level. It shows that POS generates strong working relationships among employees through the HPWPs process.

Care homes and primary care in England working together: A multi-method qualitative study.

In England, most long-term care for older people with complex health care needs is provided by private care homes. They rely on primary care to provide medical care and access to specialist health care services. This study explored the working relationships between care homes and primary care in one region in England to inform a theory of change for achieving improved relationships. We carried out a multi-method qualitative study using appreciative inquiry. We thematically analysed data from 33 survey responses, 15 interviews, and eight workshops with care home and primary care staff, family carers, and other community specialists to populate the theory of change. A patient and public involvement representative supported data collection, analysis, and write-up. Study participants described activities that encouraged role understanding, communication, and learning together benefitting staff, relationships, and quality of services. The lessons and experiences from the COVID-19 pandemic had shaped participants' understanding of what is required to sustain cross-sector collaboration. Key inputs included time, staff, and funding to facilitate learning how to work together effectively, as well as the capacity to adapt to diverse care settings and address the complex, individual needs of care home residents. Participants noted the few opportunities they had to share their learning and discuss best practice. The theory of change identified different dimensions of good practice, providing insight into areas for action to inform service design and practice. Ongoing organisational changes should consider what is already working well and build on these achievements to enable positive care home and primary care working relationships and so foster high quality care and equitable access to services.

Burning the Midnight Oil: Navigating Work-Life Balance and Combatting Burnout in Entrepreneurship as Working Mothers

To escape the demands of high-intensity working environments in the hair styling industry, two female entrepreneurs and friends, Caroline and Genevieve, ventured into the realm of small-business ownership. They became business partners by establishing a small salon business intending to reconnect with their love for artistry and hairstyling. Despite their shared enthusiasm and a harmonious working relationship, Caroline encounters stress and feelings of burnout once more, grappling with the demands of entrepreneurship and balancing her personal life, including small children, finances, and internal expectations. Caroline is standing at a crossroads, as she decides the next steps to not only keep the business successful but also reduce her stress and avoid burnout.

Value orientations as a subject of scientific research

The problem of studying value orientations, as well as moral and social rules that determine an individual’s position to reality, is one of the key ones in modern science. Personal value orientations are the most important characteristic of an individual, since they determine his/her relationships and interactions with the outside world and regulate behavior. Realizing their own value guidelines, individuals search for their places in the world and refl ect on the meaning and purpose of their lives. Values are universal for all people, but the degree to which they are preferred and prioritized depends on a particular culture and society. Values are stable beliefs that determine preferred modes of behavior and life goals, and form principles that guide actions in such areas as study, work, and family relationships. Value orientations are formed through interaction with the outside world and refl ect the degree of maturity of individuals and their value system.

Teachers’ Perceived Relationships with Paraprofessionals Who Support Students with Challenging Behaviors

AbstractClassroom teachers’ and paraprofessionals’ relationship is important for ensuring student success, but very little research has examined their work relationship. Despite collaboration in the classroom, their relationship is primarily hierarchical in nature, with classroom teachers often serving as the day-to-day supervisor of paraprofessionals. This study examined the working relationships between 149 certified teachers and their assigned classroom paraprofessionals across 59 schools from the perspective of the primary supervisor, the classroom teacher. Overall, teachers rated their relationships with their paraprofessionals favorably. Differences in relationship qualities were assessed in relation to teacher years of experience, race/ethnicity, education, and school socioeconomic status (i.e., percent of students receiving free and reduced lunch). Findings suggest differences in teacher perceived relationship quality based on teachers’ years of teaching experience, self-identified race/ethnicity, and school socioeconomic status (i.e., percent of students eligible for free and reduced lunch). Implications for practice and research are presented.