Work Patterns Research Articles

Comparative Anatomical Study of the Species Notobasis syriaca Cass and Silybum marianum L. (Asteraceae) in Salah-Aldin Governorate (Iraq)

This research was carried out to study the sources of work related Stress risk at the construction sector of Afghanistan. Stress risk is major problem not only in Afghanistan but also all over the world. It is important to ensure that workers can perform best, considering the highly competitive demands and competition of the construction industry. The objectives of this research are to study the sources of work related stress risk at the construction sector of Afghanistan. The methodology of this study includes data collection, and data analysis. Data was collected using questionnaire survey in Afghanistan through email from the construction industry professional such as project manager, site supervisor, project engineer, quantity surveyor, and architect. The data was analyzed using frequency analysis, the average index. To visualize the result, tables, figures like bar, and pie charts were used to clarify the results. The research revealed that the physical environment, the job itself, and the organization is the key factor for the source stress risk at construction industry of Afghanistan. Based on the analysis of likelihood and severity from eighteen fifteen were main sources were in the very high and high stress risk category for the factors such as workload, work pattern, and work environment.

Exploring the role of transdisciplinary learning for navigating climate risks in African cities: The case of Lusaka, Zambia

Climate risks in African cities are complex. Actors must adopt new, collaborative practices to respond to such risks. The theory of expansive learning was deployed in this study to investigate the process and nature of change emanating from transdisciplinarity for navigating such risks. Expansive learning is concerned with the transformative agency practiced by actors to redefine their practices, which are rooted in a particular cultural and historical context, towards novel collaborative navigation of complex problems. Expansive learning actions taken by local authorities in Lusaka (Zambia) during their participation in the Future Resilience of African CiTies and Lands (FRACTAL) project were explored. Like other actors in African cities, these authorities are dealing with critical development challenges. FRACTAL enabled a learning environment in which local authorities worked with other actors to grapple with drivers of climate risks, which stem from complex development histories. Learning actions taken by these actors indicate transformative agency on their part to begin breaking out of historical patterns of work. Findings suggest that the potential for change for navigating climate risks in African cities lies in actor groups transforming these complex issues into contextually-relevant problems that are characterised by historicity, and transforming themselves (i.e. their practices) to act on these. Principles of transdisciplinarity enabled this in FRACTAL, namely: learning processes rooted in real-world problems, valuing participation and collaboration, including different evidence and perspectives, and embracing emergence. Tensions associated with the work environments of actors in Lusaka need to be overcome before complex climate risks can be collaboratively navigated.

Moroccan Teachers’ Perceptions and Concerns about ICT Integration

Integrating technology into teaching practices often changes teachers’ work patterns. Thus, several studies have insisted on supporting such change by understanding teachers’ concerns. The present study adopts the Concerns-Based Adoption Model (CBAM) as a conceptual framework to examine Moroccan teachers’ concerns about integrating information and communications technology (ICT). To this end, we relied on a self-reporting instrument for a sample of teachers (n = 382) from two Regional Academies of Education. Our findings suggest that the overall profile of teachers’ stages of concern (SoC) is that of “reluctant” non-users. This profile showed high percentiles for the first three SoC, a low consequence stage percentile, medium percentiles for the management and collaboration stages, and a tailing up at the refocusing stage. Furthermore, the results highlighted a positive relationship between teachers’ concerns about integrating ICT and previous continuous training on the one hand and the pandemic’s impact on their attitudes toward self-training on the other. In addition, significant differences in teachers’ concerns regarding teaching experience and age were found. Our study provides change leaders insight into teachers’ concerns about integrating technology which will help the field design appropriate interventions to reduce their limiting concerns.

The humanistic and economic burden of work-related musculoskeletal pain: a cross-sectional survey of workers in the United Kingdom.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of work-related musculoskeletal (MSK) lower body pain on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and work productivity in a large sample of workers in the United Kingdom, as well as evaluating the potential economic impact of MSK pain. Participants with self-reported work-related MSK pain were recruited from an online panel maintained by a third party (Qualtrics LLC). Participants completed three validated instruments online: the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), the Assessment of Quality of Life Instrument (AQoL-4D), and the 6-item Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire (WPAI). Sociodemographic details, work patterns and healthcare resource utilisation were also reported. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t-tests were used to explore differences between variables. Linear regression was applied to determine the impact of work-related MSK pain on HRQoL. All 1035 recruited participants completed the survey (57.4% female; mean age 43.4 years). Participants reported spending all (25.2%) or most (53%) of their time at work on their feet. Mean pain severity was 4.63 (standard deviation: 2.07); mean pain interference was 4.37 (2.49). There was a linear relationship between length of shift, time on feet and pain. Mean AQoL-4D scores were 0.609 (0.254). A mean of 4.12h was lost per week due to pain. Absenteeism (last 7 days) was 9.5% (20.7%), and presenteeism 33.3% (24.9%). An average 1.55 visits were made to family practitioners (total cost: £19,866) and 1 hospital visit (£37,320) due to work-related MSK pain. This study demonstrated that work-related lower body pain has a significant impact in terms of individual HRQoL and as an economic societal burden.

Analisis Kendala Pengembangan Pertumbuhan Produksi Perusahaan Semen dan Struktur Keuangan terhadap Kinerja SCM di Periode Pandemi

The success of companies in today's global competition is strongly influenced by their ability to utilize resources. In our country, which has an open market system with government linkages through the customs and excise department of state-owned enterprises, development is very rapid. Management teams in the project business are faced with the challenge of making choices and decisions that support desired goals, even though change often complicates their task. Researchers make earlystage observations to obtain data and manage it to show the progress of achievement in each buyer's transaction during a certain period. In managing a business, there are two competing theories, namely maximizing producer surplus and maximizing stakeholder surplus. Both of these theories can be alternatives that compete or complement each other. It is important for companies to understand and implement expansion, which is the expansion of the company's territory by occupying other areas either partially or wholly. This aims to achieve efficiency, gain higher profits, and remain competitive. This study uses a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, with a focus on the effect of changes in work pattern systems on improving company performance and profits. The results of the study show that changes in work pattern systems have a positive impact on companies, increasing activities and the range of products offered. These changes also affected the performance of all employees in the marketing division and the company as a whole. In order to reach a conclusion, this study confirms that the change in the work pattern system is more profitable than the previous pattern system, because it has brought development to the company with a positive influence on performance and profits, as well as affecting the overall company turnover.

Pengaruh Shift Kerja Terhadap Stress Kerja pada 5 Orang Karyawan PT. Asam Jawa Kota Pinang

The Occupational Safety and Health Branch (2008) explains that optimizing work shift arrangements can help reduce the potential health impact on employees. Shifts involve a variety of work schedules and patterns, and their arrangement must take into account a number of factors, including the length of the shift or the number of hours worked per shift, number of team members, work breaks, rotation period or speed, and shift time. The purpose of this research is to find out how the influence of shift work on the stress level of PT. Tamarind Employee in the City of Pinang. To find out whether there is a relationship between work shift variables and work stress of PT. Tamarind City of Pinang, this study uses a qualitative methodology. This study involved 114 participants. This study shows that although morning shift workers do not experience high levels of stress, night shift workers do, which lowers their overall level of productivity. evening and night. Worker performance, health and psychosocial problems are the subject of the complaint. Except for the night shift workers who complained of a lack of focus at work due to poor quality, there was no difference in physical complaints experienced by morning shift workers and night shift workers in terms of body parts complaints. Sleep. so that the impact of shift work on employee work stress can be observed.
 Keywords: work stress, shift work

Telework in Israel during the COVID-19 pandemic and the related public policy

ABSTRACT The telework practice first appeared in the global employment market in recent years and accelerated significantly in 2020 with the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. This article examines the development pace of this work pattern in Israel during the pandemic and the various regulatory processes enacted in this context. It shows that, rather than a result of planned public policy by policymakers, telework is spreading in Israel as a result of limitations, constraints, and needs in the domestic labour market, on the one hand, and external elements to the Israeli economy, on the other. Hence, while the proportion of teleworkers in Israel’s labour market is clearly on the rise, it has not yet been properly legislated and is evident mainly in the private sector on a voluntary basis.

"I abandoned my job to look after my baby." Understanding the unpriced cost of care of a preterm infant: Caregivers' lived experiences.

Preterm birth is associated with life-long cost implications on the infant, family, health system, and society at large. The costs related to lost productivity at contributions at work during care of preterm infants are difficult to measure. We aimed to explore and document the unpriced costs parents incur following birth of a preterm infant in the first year of life in a low resource setting. Thirty-nine mothers and five fathers of preterm infants who had ever attended the preterm follow-up clinic after discharge from Mulago National Referral Hospital, were included in a qualitative study between November 2019 and February 2020. Participants were purposively selected, and data were collected using four focused group discussions with mothers and in-depth interviews with the fathers lasting 30-70 minutes each. These were audio-recorded, transcribed and translated. The data were manually analysed using the thematic approach. Three themes were generated: i) complex nature of the infant, ii) time to care for the infant, iii) mother as the predominant caregiver. The parents perceived preterm infants as delicate, complicated and their care more costly compared to those born at term. Expressions of need for time to care for their infants, frequent hospital visits and readmission were raised. Availability of the mother as the predominant caregiver some of whose roles cannot be delegated and their experiences following return to work after birth of a preterm were cited by the participants. The results highlight the unpriced costs incurred by the parents through disruption of the work pattern due to the actual and perceived needs of a preterm infant and time to care in a low resource setting. We recommend guidance on financial planning, development of policies and programs on social and financial support for parents and future studies on indirect costs of preterm care.

Survey on health and fitness among ophthalmologists in India

This work studies various factors related to health and fitness among the ophthalmologists in India. A multi-dimensional study using a comprehensive questionnaire which addressed the areas of work patterns, fitness activity patterns, food consumption patterns, the prevalence of occupation-related musculoskeletal disorders and other health hazards, the impact of COVID-19, and career satisfaction. A total of 537 Ophthalmologists from across the country participated in the survey. Considerable number of respondents (21.34 %) reported that they do not get at least one off day per week. Majority of respondents (84.99%) gets at least 6 hours of sleep per day. Only 49.16% of ophthalmologists exercise regularly, out of which 51.77% exercise for at least 30 minutes per day, where the majority prefers walking, yoga or gym as their preferred fitness activity. Majority of respondents (67.59 %) find it difficult to spend time for fitness, majorly due to work pressure, lack of motivation and inflexible workplace. A significant number of Ophthalmologists (57.16 %) suffered from occupation-related neck and back pain. The major occupational hazards reported were psycho-social stress, injury from sharp and verbal abuse. A significant number of respondents (48.29 %) suffered from a salary cut due to COVID-19. 64.04% Ophthalmologists reported that they were content with their career with good confidence. Majority of ophthalmologists suffer from occupational health hazards. Even though there is a strong desire to spend time on fitness activities, the majority find it difficult. COVID-19 hurt Ophthalmologists due to salary cuts and contraction of the disease.

Factors associated with usage frequency and pricing of temporary anchorage devices among orthodontists

Background/purposeTemporary anchorage devices (TADs) are widely used in contemporary orthodontic treatments for anchorage purposes. This research aimed to investigate orthodontists’ attitude toward temporary anchorage devices (TADs) by surveying their TAD usage frequency and pricing and to identify factors influencing TAD usage frequency and pricing. Materials and methodsA structured, self-administered questionnaire with a total of 26 questions was randomly distributed to members of the Taiwanese Association of Orthodontics at the annual orthodontic meeting. The questionnaire comprised 6 questions on demographics, 10 questions on work patterns and patient type, and 10 questions on orthodontic technique. Responses were analyzed using a Pearson chi-Square test to identify factors of interest. ResultsFactors associated with TAD usage frequency included degree of income satisfaction, number of working hours per week, and proportion of extraction-based treatments in treatment plans. Factors associated with TAD pricing included orthodontist age, geographic region of practice, and adult treatment fee. ConclusionMore Taiwanese orthodontists use TADs compared with orthodontists in other countries. TADs have become universally accepted, but practitioners use them selectively. The main factor influencing TAD usage frequency was the proportion of extraction-based treatments in treatment plans, and those influencing TAD were orthodontist age, geographic region of practice, and adult treatment fee. These findings may be applicable to other parts of the world and should be investigated at an international level.

Flexibility and access to dental postgraduate speciality training.

Increasingly, there is a clear emphasis on the need for improved access to flexible training. This reflects changing societal attitudes and expectations towards work-life balance and increasing demand for flexible working. The recently published Advancing dental care review: final report (2021) reflects these same demands within dental postgraduate training. Increasing flexible training options has the potential for far-reaching beneficial effects for dental speciality training. There are barriers to accessing speciality training for specific applicant groups and this risks potentially excluding excellent-quality candidates from pursuing speciality training. There is opportunity in utilising and developing flexible training options to support widening access to dental speciality training. Recruitment and working pattern arrangements should reflect these aspirations, ensuring that the best trainees are successful irrespective of their personal circumstances.

Study the Sources of Work Related Stress Risk at Construction Sector of Afghanistan

This research was carried out to study the sources of work related Stress risk at the construction sector of Afghanistan. Stress risk is major problem not only in Afghanistan but also all over the world. It is important to ensure that workers can perform best, considering the highly competitive demands and competition of the construction industry. The objectives of this research are to study the sources of work related stress risk at the construction sector of Afghanistan. The methodology of this study includes data collection, and data analysis. Data was collected using questionnaire survey in Afghanistan through email from the construction industry professional such as project manager, site supervisor, project engineer, quantity surveyor, and architect. The data was analyzed using frequency analysis, the average index. To visualize the result, tables, figures like bar, and pie charts were used to clarify the results. The research revealed that the physical environment, the job itself, and the organization is the key factor for the source stress risk at construction industry of Afghanistan. Based on the analysis of likelihood and severity from eighteen fifteen were main sources were in the very high and high stress risk category for the factors such as workload, work pattern, and work environment.

BURNOUT AND RELATED FACTORS IN HOSPITAL HEALTH WORKERS AFTER ONE YEAR OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Workload, fear of contracting Covid-19 or the use of high levels of personal protective equipment which causes discomfort and exhaustion are some of the potential factors that can cause burnout in hospital health workers. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence and factors related to burnout in hospital health workers after one year of the covid-19 pandemic. This study used a cross-sectional design and the Indonesian version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) questionnaire to diagnose burnout. In the Masclach Burnout Inventory (MBI) questionnaire, burnout is grouped into the following three dimensions: a) emotional fatigue, b) loss of empathy, and c) self-esteem. The MBI questionnaire was distributed using a Google form (G-form). Data processing and analysing was conducted using SPSS version 20.0 program. A total of 135 health workers filled out the G-form questionnaire and it was found that 39.3% of them experienced burnout. Factors significantly related (p<0,05) to burnout were higher education with ORa 4.10 (95% C.I.= 1.66 – 7.27) and shift work with ORa 2.44 (95% C.I.= 1.02 -5.86). The prevalence of burnout for health workers at the one of private Hospital in East Jakarta after more than 1 year of the Covid-19 pandemic was 39.3%. Factors that are significantly related to burnout are the level of education and shift work patterns.

Workload Analysis Using Cardiovascular Load, Nasa-TLX, and Fishbone Diagrams

This study aims to analyze employees' physical and mental workload in the legal and business development division and look for factors that affect the workload of the two divisions. The research methods used are cardiovascular load, NASA-TLX, and the Fishbone diagram. The results showed that one employee from the legal division experienced physical exhaustion. In the mental workload study, two people experienced a high mental workload, while five experienced a very high one. The fishbone diagram analysis reveals several factors, such as unresponsive counterparts and conflicts of interest, and in the legal division, such as work patterns that are constantly changing and fast and coordinating company and divisional compliance. The conclusion is that companies should periodically measure mental workload.

Making iron, producing space! How coerced work defined a Swedish early modern ironmaking region

ABSTRACT Swedish ironmaking took place in mines, forests and rationally structured ironmaking communities (bruk), merging different forms of labour and coercion, wage labour, household labour and corvée labour often in the form of transport duties, as well as leases paid in kind. The aim is to analyse this diverse structure from an angle of motion, movement and mobility, and see how subordinated ironmaking artisanal and peasant households set the limits for the regions in which they were living while undertaking that work. It is essential to link this work to the owners’ ambition to control production, the workers and the tasks they were set to do. It meant to supervise production at the workshops, but more importantly, it meant to monitor the movement of raw material, grain and commodities, between these sites and markets outside the region. I use an extensive accounting material from one region to unravel patterns of work, and the owners’ ambitions to keep track of subordinated artisans and peasants. These patterns of work and supervision were, together with legal structures, a crucial element in the making of the spatial structuring of Swedish ironmaking.

The Pent-Up Demand for Breastfeeding Among US Women: Trends After COVID-19 Shelter-in-Place.

Objectives. To estimate changes in national breastfeeding trends immediately before and after COVID-19‒related workplace closures in early 2020. Methods. The implementation of shelter-in-place policies in early 2020, when 90% of people in the United States were urged to remain at home, represents a unique natural experiment to assess the pent-up demand for breastfeeding among US women that may be stymied by the lack of a national paid leave policy. We used the 2017-2020 Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (n = 118 139) to estimate changes in breastfeeding practices for births occurring before and after shelter-in-place policies were implemented in the United States. We did this in the overall sample and by racial/ethnic and income subgroups. Results. There was no change in breastfeeding initiation and a 17.5% increase in breastfeeding duration after shelter-in-place, with lingering effects through late 2020. High-income and White women demonstrated the largest gains. Conclusions. The United States ranks worse than similar countries when it comes to breastfeeding initiation and duration. This study suggests that this is partly attributable to inadequate access to postpartum paid leave. This study also demonstrates inequities introduced by patterns of remote work during the pandemic. (Am J Public Health. 2023;113(8):870-873. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307313).

Radiotherapy resources in Brazil (RT2030): a comprehensive analysis and projections for 2030

The demand for radiotherapy in Brazil is unfulfilled, and the scarcity of data on the national network hampers the development of effective policies. We aimed to evaluate the current situation, estimate demands and requirements, and provide an action plan to ensure access to radiotherapy for those in need by 2030. The Brazilian Society for Radiation Oncology created a task force (RT2030) including physicians, medical physicists, policy makers, patient advocates, and suppliers, all of whom were major stakeholders involved in Brazilian radiotherapy care. The group was further divided into seven working groups to address themes associated with radiotherapy care in Brazil. From March 1, 2019, to Aug 3, 2020, there were monthly meetings between the group's leaders and the Central Committee and six general meetings. First, a comprehensive search of all different national databases was done to identify all radiotherapy centres. Questionnaires evaluating radiotherapy infrastructure and human resources and assing the availability, distribution, capacity, and workload of resources were created and sent to the radioprotection supervisor of each centre. Results were analysed nationally and across the country's regions and health-care systems. A pre-planned review of available databases was done to gather data on active radiation oncology centres and the distribution of radiotherapy machines (linear accelerators [LINACs]) across Brazil. We used national population and cancer incidence projections, recommended radiotherapy usage from the medical literature, and national working patterns to project radiotherapy demands in 2030. An action plan was established with suggestions to address the gaps and meet the demands. The database search yielded 279 centres with an active radiotherapy registry. After applying predefined exclusion criteria, 263 centres were identified that provided external beam radiotherapy machines with or without brachytherapy. All 263 operational centres answered the questionnaires sent on Dec 9, 2019, which were then returned between Jan 1 and June 30, 2020. There were 409 therapy machines, 646 radiation oncologists, 533 physicists, and 230 989 patients undergoing radiotherapy (150 628 [65·2%] in the public health-care system and 80 937 [35·0%] in private). The mean annual occupation rate was 566 patients per treatment machine (SD 250). The number of residents per treatment machine ranged from 258 333 to 1 800 000. Technology availability varied considerably among regions and systems. In 2030, 639 994 new cancer cases are expected, which will require 332 797 radiotherapy courses. Therefore, 530 LINACs, 1079 radiation oncologists, and 1060 medical physicists will be needed. The expected increase in cancer incidence in the coming years will probably increase the disparities in cancer care and the burden for Brazilian patients. We provide a roadmap of the current situation and the particularities of the Brazilian radiotherapy network, which can serve as a starting point for cancer policy planning to improve this scenario. Accuray, BRAINLAB, Elekta, IBA, ONE medical solution, SUN NUCLEAR corporation, VARIAN, and ZIGMA.

Analisis Kualitas Kesehatan Kerja dan Pengaruhnya pada Produktivitas Pengrajin Tenun Ikat Tradisional di Dusun Fopo Kelurahan Onatali Kecamatan Rote Tengah Kabupaten Rote Ndao

The quality of health is closely related to occupational safety and health in the workplace, if the quality of work health is good, the work output will increase. The purpose of this study was to describe the level of quality of health seen from the dimensions of fatigue, muscle complaints, dimensions of occupational diseases in the work life of weavers, to analyze the influence between the dimensions of fatigue and the work productivity of weavers, to analyze the influence between the dimensions of muscle complaints and the work productivity of weavers, to analyze the influence between the dimensions of occupational diseases and the work productivity of weavers. The type of research used is analytic correlation with a quantitative approach and a cross sectional design. The number of samples using total sampling is 60 people. Unibivariate and bivariate data analysis using the chi square test. The results of the bivariate analysis showed that there was a relationship between the dimension of fatigue and work productivity p = 0.007, the dimension of muscle complaints p = 0.000, the dimension of work-related illness p = 0.000. Thus the quality of the health of the weavers is not good, so there is a need for socialization regarding the analysis of the health quality of the weaver workers through direct counseling and through various other media. Weavers are also expected to have awareness to pay more attention to their work patterns so that their health can be maintained properly.

Transformational Leadership Practices and Employee Engagement: Meaningfulness of Work and Personal Resources as Mediators

Changes in work life such as changes in working hours and changes in work patterns are the effect of the Covid-19 pandemic, which must be addressed positively by company leaders with employees so that they continue to work professionally. The purpose of empirical studies is to analyze the direct and indirect influence of transformational leadership (T.L.) on E.E. through meaningfulness of work (M.W.) and personal resources (P.R.). The respondents of the study were 134 employees at CV X Madiun City. The test was carried out by path analysis and Sobel test. The results of hypothesis testing show that: 1) T.L. significantly increases E.E., M.W., and P.R.; 2) M.W. increases P.R. significantly, and mediates the effect of T.L. on E.E. significantly; 3) P.R. significantly increase E.E. and mediate the effect of T.L on E.E significantly.

Creating and maintaining momentum – relational work in public-private innovation partnerships

ABSTRACT This study addresses the scantly examined work done by individuals to develop reciprocal relationships and maintain momentum throughout public-private innovation partnerships. We combine insights from the public-private innovation partnership literature with the notion of relational work from economic-sociology to analyse cases of public procurement for innovation (PPI) and pre-commercial procurement (PCP). We identify patterns of relational work stimulating continued interaction across different phases of the PPI and PCP instruments. Contributing to the debate on creativity versus constraints in public-private innovation partnerships, we present relational work as reciprocal and intentional activities to influence the social-symbolic structures in which they are embedded.