Work In Hot Environments Research Articles

Environmental and Occupational Medicine.

ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE: The Discipline of Environmental & Occupational Medicine. Role of Surveillance in Occupational Health. The Occupational/Environmental History & Examination. Epidemiology of Occupational Diseases. Occupational Biostatistics. Impairment, Disability & Functional Capacity. DNA & the Double Helix. TP53 Tumor Suppressor Gene. Biomarkers. Genetic Susceptibility. Environmental Mutagenesis. Occupational Exposures & Effects on Reproduction. Particle Deposition & Pulmonary Defense Mechanisms. Lung Immune Defenses Against Environmental Agents. Pulmonary Function Testing. Radiographic Assessment of Pneumoconioses. Molecular Mechanisms of Particle-Induced Lung Disease. Fiber Analysis. Asbestosis, Pleural Fibrosis & Lung Cancer. Malignant Mesothelioma. Manmade Vitreous Fibers. Respiratory Disease in Coal Miners. Silica Exposure. Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis. Inhalation Fever. Occupational & Environmental Asthma. Environment, Genes & Immune Mechanisms in Asthma. Firefighter's Health & Health Effects of the World Trade Center Collapse. International Byssinosis. Isocyanate Exposures. Occupational Exposures as a Cause of Chronic Airway Disease. Lung Diseases Associated with Silicates & Other Dust. Respiratory Tract Irritants. Simple Asphyxiants. Chemical Asphyxiants. Agricultural Dust Lung & Other Disease. Upper Airway Disorders. Occupational Skin Disease. Toxic Peripheral Neuropathy. Behavioral Neurotoxicology. Occupational Heart Disease. Occupational Eye Disorders. Occupational Infections. Terrorism Preparedness. HIV in the Workplace. Occupational Risk of Tuberculosis Care. Hematologic Effects of Occupational Hazards. Toxic Liver Disorders. Environmental & Occupational Causes of Toxic Kidney & Urinary Tract Injury. Occupational Bladder Cancer. Psychiatric Syndromes Common to the Workplace. Alcohol & Drug Abuse in Industry. Psychological Job Stress. Multiple Chemical Sensitivity. Gulf War Illness. Occupational Safety & Human Factors. Ergonomics & Occupational Biomechanics. Nonspecific Low Back Pain. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES: Toxicogenomics. Lead. Mercury. Cadmium. Arsenic. Beryllium Disease. Hard Metal Disease. Chromium Compounds. Nickel Compounds. Metal Compounds & Rare Earths. Organic Solvents & Fuels. Benzene. Formaldehyde. Ethylene Oxide. Pesticides. Agent Orange, Military Herbicides & Dioxins. Pentachlorophenol & Tetrachlorophenol. Polychlorinated Biphenyls. Trimellitic Anhydride & Other Acid Anhydrides. Carbon Disulfide. N Nitrosamines. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons & Petroleum Industry. Occupational Hazards in the Microelectronics Industry. Radiation Carcinogenesis. Nonionizing Radiation. Occupational Exposure to Noise. Dysbarism. High-Altitude Illnesses. Hot & Cold Work Environments. Occupational Exposure to Vibration. Shift Work. Sleep Disorders & Work. Sick Building Syndrome & Building-Related Illness. Air Pollution: Outdoor & Indoor Sources. Air Pollution: Epidemiology. Air Pollution: Human Health Studies. Air Pollution: Toxicologic Studies. Ozone. Nitrogen Oxides. Sulfur Dioxide. Particulate Matter. Acid Rain. Cigarette Smoking. Bioaccumulation & Toxicities of Aromatic Hydrocarbon Contaminants in the Hudson River Ecosystem. The Built Environment. Global Warming. Chlorofluorocarbons & Destruction of the Ozone Layer CONTROL OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES & EXPOSURES: Environmental Law & Policy. Clean Air Act. OSHA & NIOSH. EPA. Environmental Health at the Centers for Disease Control & Prevention & the Agency for Toxic Substances & Disease Registry. Risk Assessment & Economic Evaluation. Workers' Compensation. International Occupational/Environmental Health. Children's Environmental Health Research. Disparities in Environmental & Occupational Health. Industrial Hygiene Measurement & Control. Respirators. The Occupational Health Service. Moral Questions of Occupational/Environmental Medicine. New Frontiers in Environmental Health Research

Physical work capacity of firemen. With special reference to demands during fire fighting.

During work in hot environments with a self-contained compressed air line breathing apparatus (SCCALBA) firemen perform physically arduous work and are exposed to severe heat loading. In view of the overloading risk involved, firemen should receive regular medical checkups with exercise tests and electrocardiography (ECG). Four hundred and seventeen firemen from 20 to 59 a of age in the Stockholm Fire Service performed exercise tests, including ECG, at intensities of 100, 150 and 200 W. The calculated maximal aerobic power declined with increasing age. Forty-seven firemen (11 0/0) were unable to complete the exercise test. Thirty of these men were in the oldest age group (50-59 a), of which 34 % failed to complete the test. The test was usually stopped prematurely because of physical exhaustion, but ECG changes, high blood pressure, and joint pain were also common causes of interruptions in the oldest age group. On the basis of the above results and earlier measurements during simulated fire fighting in a SCCALBA, recommendations on the future examinations of the physical work capacity of firemen are discussed. Thus, a fireman should be capable of performing bicycle ergometer work for 6 min at an intensity of 200 W. In order to allow for the age-induced decline in physical work capacity, a prospective fireman should be able to perform exercise at 250 W in the preemployment examination. It is suggested that exercise tests with ECG recordings should be performed every fifth year up to the age of 40 and every other year thereafter. Moreover, no fireman over the age of 50 should be allowed to perform fire fighting in a SCCALBA. Efficient physical training at least twice a week should be a part of every fireman`s regular duties.

Empirical definition of limit to work in hot environments for women : Kamon, E. In: Proceedings of 6th Congress of the International Ergonomics Association “Old World, New World, One World” and Technical Programme of the 20th Annual Meeting of the Human Factors Society, Jul 1976, pp 290–293

Empirical definition of limit to work in hot environments for women : Kamon, E. In: Proceedings of 6th Congress of the International Ergonomics Association “Old World, New World, One World” and Technical Programme of the 20th Annual Meeting of the Human Factors Society, Jul 1976, pp 290–293

Aerobic power as a factor in women's response to work in hot environments.

Twelve young women, athletes (n = 6) and nonathletes (n = 6), walked on a treadmill at loads equivalent to approximately 30% Vo2 max for two 50-min periods in three environments: 1) 28 degrees C, 45% rh, 2) 35 degrees C, 65% rh, and 3) 48 degrees C, 10% rh. There were no differences between groups in rectal temperature, heart rate, evaporative heat loss, or mean skin temperature at 28 or 35 degrees C or during the first work period in the 48 degrees C environment. However, a significantly lower cardiac output (Q) and stroke volume (SV) observed for nonathletes by the 46th min of work at 48 degrees C may explain why no nonathletes were able to complete a 2nd h of work while four of six athletes successfully finished the period. It appears that in conditions of severe heat stress (48 degrees C) athletes were able to maintain a cardiac output sufficient to meet the metabolic requirements and the large increase in peripheral blood flow for a longer period of time than nonathletes.

Empirical Definition of Limit to work in Hot Environments for Women

Occupational exposure to hot environments can be considered safe if the core body temperature (Tc) does not rise above the expected work-specific equilibrium level. The ambient vapor pressure at which such Tc elevation occurred were tested on female subjects who were exposed to eight air temperatures (Ta) between 36 to 52°C on two series of tests; seminude at metabolic rate of 150 W-m-2 and clothed at 196 W-m-2. Each test started with walking at a given Ta with the vapor pressure (Pa) set to insure Tc equilibrium within 60 minutes. Thereafter, Pa was raised by 1 Torr every 10 minutes for an additional 60 to 70 minutes. The Pa beyond which the monitored rectal temperature (Tre) inflected upwards was considered the limit for the particular Ta for the subject. On the basis of this method, a psychrometrically defined limit was derived as the mean Pa at each Ta for the two series tested. Some of the Pa values could be used to derive the evaporative coefficient applicable to the ambient maximal evaporative capacity.

Work in hot environments: 1. Field studies of workload, thermal stress and physiologic response : Journal of Occupational Medicine, Dec 1974, 16.12, 785–791; abstr in CIS Abstracts (CIS 75-400)

Work in hot environments: 1. Field studies of workload, thermal stress and physiologic response : Journal of Occupational Medicine, Dec 1974, 16.12, 785–791; abstr in CIS Abstracts (CIS 75-400)

Work in hot environments. I. Field studies of work load, thermal stress and physiologic response.

Work in hot environments. I. Field studies of work load, thermal stress and physiologic response.

Environmental Heat Illness

During the past decade, a number of advances have been made in understanding the adverse effects of environmental heat. Among these have been important, even spectacular observations on certain chemical, biophysical, and physiological events that take place during performance of hard work in hot environments. In turn, these observations have permitted formulation of new concepts concerning the pathogenesis of the form of heat stroke that generally occurs in otherwise healthy young men during intensive physical conditioning programs. This type of heat stroke, in contrast to the classical form that characteristically affects the ill or the aged, often carries a high mortality, in those who survive its initial hours, there commonly appear widespread, often catastrophic complications. The purpose of this review is threefold: first, to summarize important elements from an extensive literature concerning physiologic events that occur as an individual becomes acclimatized to work in the heat; second, to relate these

A review of: “Work in Hot Environments and Protection against Heat.” (ISI Publication 130). By W. ORDINANZ. (London: The Iron and Steel Institute, 1970.) [Pp.55.] £3 00

(1973). A review of: “Work in Hot Environments and Protection against Heat.” (ISI Publication 130). By W. ORDINANZ. (London: The Iron and Steel Institute, 1970.) [Pp.55.] £3 00. Ergonomics: Vol. 16, No. 4, pp. 551-552.

Variation of Heart Rate and Sum of Heart Beats during Work in Hot Environment

Variation of Heart Rate and Sum of Heart Beats during Work in Hot Environment

Effects of Cold and Hot Stimuli on Peripheral Vascular System of Workers in Hot Environments

The static conditions of peripheral vascular systems were observed on the workers in hot environments and dynamic changes to cold and hot stimuli were also examined.Six men 22 to 27 years old engaged in hot environments for about three years were originally selected for this study, and simultaneously six clerks of the same ages were examined as a control group. They were measured before and after working in summer and winter respectively on the changes of capillary figures and pulse waves in the left fingertip skin at the room temperature, than on the changes to cold and hot stimuli (7±2°C, 49±2°C) for every ten seconds applied on the back of the same hand. The results obtained were as follows: 1) The effects of working in hot environments were not found in the width of skin capillary figures, but a tendency toward lowering after working was seen in the visible height of capillaries, especially in summer. 2) Ordinary redustions in the amplitude of pulse waves were observed after working in both seasons, but these changes were not shown as characterisitic of the hot environmental group. It is considered that the tension of peripheral blood vessels may be changed by working. 3) The chnges to cold stimuli before working were observed to be more insensitive (prolongation of the reaction time) in summer, more sensitive in winter in the hot environmental group, than that of the control group, and no significant changes were found between the both groups after working. The changes to hot stimuli before working were also observed to be more sensitive in the hot envitonmental group than that of the control group, especially in summer, but no significant difference after working was shown between the both groups. In winter, a tendency of sensitive reaction was seen in the hot environmental group after working compared with the control group, in spite of no significant difference was recognized in both groups before working. The workers engaged in hot environments are relatively stable for cold stimuli and labile for hot stimuli after working and it suggests that the acclimatized workers have been prepared to escape the heat stress in the body. 4) As a rule, the crest time shortens in winter compared with summer. The ratio of the time necessary for constriction of blood vessels to the duration of pulse waves (t/d) was lower in the hot environmental group than the control group before working, especially in summmer, but this difference was not significant between the both groups after working.

筋肉労働による身体的負荷の評価と特性分析

1. We discussed methodologically the practical procedure to estimate and analyse qualitatively the physical load by heavy muscular labor. 2. From the view-point of medical practice in industrial health, we originated several new methods which were probably useful for analysis of the physical load by muscular labor. These methods were as follows: a) the graph showing work time distribution regarding the heaviness of muscular labor b) the original method to indicate the physiological characteristic of hot work environment c) the partitive estimate of heat balance at heavy work in hot environment d) Q-T index, an integrating value of heat storage. 3. Our labor investigations with several inportant jobs in iron works were carried out in suchs steps as follows: a) survey of working condition b) physiological study of physical effect by muscular labor c) diagnosis of "fatigue type" d) planning for improvement of working condition. 4. Two cases of our investigations on muscular labor were briefly stated. The one was a fatigue study on steel plate making job, and the another was a comparative observation on steel plate making and crane operating jobs with special reference to their qualitative difference.

多量発汗と疲労 : とくに細胞外体液の変動とミネラルの損失

Often workers exposed to heat show more than 1.3l perspiration per an hour. Plasma condensation is slight and the recovery is quick by trained persons. By untrained persons plasms condensation is more than that of Hb and its restoration is delayed. When plasma is condensed more than 1.034 in its specific gravity, creatinine excretion in the urine decreases unless water is taken. Creatinine hardly responds to the urine volume for its difficulty of reabsorption in the urinary tubule until the volume is reduced to less than 20 ml/hr, and after that creatinine excretion decreases very much. Na, Cl and K diminish in accordance with the urine volume as they are reabsobed in the urinary tubule. The relation among them can be determine if creatinine is employed as an indicator. The constituent of sweat is affected by the perspiration rate. In the course of excessive perspiration pH becomes alkali and lactic acid pyruvic acid ratio increases. PH becomes acidic and Cl concentration is low in summer, both of which are related to the perspiration rate (figs. 1, 2). It is possible to recognize the summer-type of swest even in winter by using DOCA. Ig DOCA is used in summer, it causes Na retention and cardiac disfunction. Water and salt are deprived by excessive sweating as already known. Ca concentration in the sweat is a little smaller than in the serum. 6l perspiration a day means a loss of 0.4 gr Ca a day. It is very important, for the Japanese, because they take very small amount of Ca (0.3-0.4gr a day). The first function that limits work in hot environment is pulse rate. 130 beats per minute is thought to be the limit. It is difficult to continue the work with the pulse rate of 160-180. Workers of long experience in hat environment complain of the heart trouble, which will probably be the result of their cardiac burden and overfunction of the adrenal cortex. Fatigue in the excessive sweating appears to be due to the overload in circulatory systems and the loss or anormal distribution of extracellar fluid and minerals by sweating. Intake of the salt of organic acid such as sodium citrate was useful for diminishing the feeling of fatigue and maintaining alkali equilibrium. Taking tablets of table salt does injure the mucous membrane of the stomach.

Reactions of Mines-Rescue Personnel to Work in Hot Environments

Reactions of Mines-Rescue Personnel to Work in Hot Environments

ASCORBIC ACID AND ABILITY TO WORK IN HOT ENVIRONMENTS

Ascorbic Acid and Ability to Work in Hot Environments Get access Nutrition Reviews, Volume 3, Issue 1, January 1945, Pages 5–7, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.1945.tb08467.x Published: 01 January 1945

Vitamin C and Ability to Work in Hot Environments

Vitamin C and Ability to Work in Hot Environments