Working Conditions Of Employees Research Articles

Revolutionary France and the foundation of modern museum management and curatorial practice: Part 1: From revolution to the First Republic, 1789–1992

This study examines the linkages between on-the-job training and employee benefits in terms of wages as well as non-monetary gains. Based on a uniquely matched employer-employee panel dataset for the 2011–2015 period in Vietnam, we find that on-the-job training has a positive but insignificant effect on wages. However, wage returns for on-the-job training are recorded for young workers only. Also, our results reveal that on-the-job training improves employee working conditions. These findings suggest that on-the-job training plays an important role in employee benefits, especially for young employees.

But who Will Take Care of the Children? Childcare, Women, and Devalued Labor

This paper considers the salaries, status, and working conditions of childcare employees. A survey of all childcare center workers in one community, and interviews with others from around the country, suggest that wages in this field are low and fringe benefits are rare. Workers' frustrations with compensation and lack of opportunity for advancement are balanced by their strong satisfaction gained from working with young children and their parents. But today's high demand for additional providers, together with new career options for women, has produced a teacher shortage that threatens the well-being of young children. Women's pay inequity, the devaluation of young children, and the privatization of the family are explored as social, economic and cultural factors which contribute to the problem. Alternative solutions are considered, including government subsidies for childcare wages and fees; fee increases for high-income parents-, unionization; comparable worth efforts-, and worker-parent-employer-community advocacy.

The health effects of low-dose radiation on atomic workers. A case study of employer-directed research.

The 15-year history of a study on the health effects of low-dose radiation on workers at the Hanford Atomic Plant in Washington State demonstrates different facets of political control by employers over investigations of employee working conditions. Evidence obtained through the Freedom of Information Act shows that the original study, under the guidance of Dr. Thomas Mancuso, an experienced and respected occupational health epidemiologist, wah proof to employees that their exposure levels were safe. When it turned out that the study might show an increase in cancer rates among plant employees, its control was transferred to the employer. Public reports by scientists working for the employer are at variance with independent analyses of the same data. Lessons from these events are that it may be necessary for organized labor to negotiate the conduct of occupational health investigations as part of negotiated settlements and for legal means to be developed to make health scientists accountable for actions that influence public health policies.

Legal issues facing dietetic practice

Malpractice is today's sword of Damocles threatening not only physicians but the entire health care community. For dietitians--clinical and administrative alike--there are a number of areas which could be sources of litigation involving negligence or lack of competency. Is the right therapeutic diet served to the right patient at the right time? A word to the wise would be: Always have records to substantiate professional judgments and actions, even though this means increased paper work. Another potential pitfall--which could result in revocation of licensure or accreditation--involves the standards of the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospitals (JCAH). Is scrupulous attention being paid to the JCAH's principles and four standards for dietetic practice? Violation of, for instance, Standard II relating to sanitation practices could bring about sanctions by the local or state health agency. Labor laws, too, have implications for dietitians. The recent change in the Taft-Hartley law brings hospitals under the jurisdiction of the National Labor Relations Board. Care must be taken not to violate its regulations. The federal Occupational Safety and Health Act is also concerned with sanitary and working conditions of employees. In contrast to such restrictive legislation, however, is the Health Professions Educational Assistance Act of 1976 which opens up new educational opportunities from which dietitians could benefit.

American nurses' association nursing service standards viewed as norms

A first step has been taken to describe and analyse some normative characteristics of the ANA standards for organized nursing services using the typology devised by Richard T. Morris. Widespread knowledge and acceptance of the standards, proper and consistent enforcement, and a creative approach to internalizing the standards within the culture of the health care system offers hope for achieving the purposes for which the standards were prepared. Achievement of the purposes should result in “the best possible nursing care for patients, under the most ideal working conditions for employees, and within reasonable limits of financial expenditure.” (1)

Power Distribution and Telephone Circuits Inductive and Physical Relations

Consideration of the relations between power distribution and telephone systems is naturally involved in any comprehensive review of the problems of the rapidly expanding power-distribution networks in this country. Avoidance of contact and provision of suitable working conditions for employees in situations of close proximity are dealt with in the National Electrical Safety Code and in State Regulations which provide arrangements for safety where complete separation is not feasible. Induction from distribution, circuits has heretofore had less general attention than induction from power-transmission lines. Recently the Joint General Committee of the National Electric Light Association and the Bell Telephone System has undertaken comprehensive investigations of these problems. Of particular interest is the study of induction under joint use conditions now progressing actively at Minneapolis. Pending completion of this and other studies, a preliminary and qualitative discussion is here given. Situations of exposure fall into three groups determined by the character of the area served: (1) ``downtown'' districts; (2) residential urban districts. (3)rural districts. The major problems arise in the second group. A wide variety of arrangements characterize both systems, and require consideration. A mong technical features, coefficients of induction for close exposures, shielding action of metallic cable sheaths for both power and telephone circuits, and ``ground potential'' effects are distinctive problems. Where both classes of circuits are in cable with suitable precautions as to grounding, interference is rarely to be anticipated.