Workers In Enterprises Research Articles

Производственная повседневность рабочих и служащих промышленных предприятий Дагестана в условиях Великой Отечественной войны (1941–1945 годы)

The article analyzes the peculiarities of working conditions and material and living conditions of workers of industrial enterprises of Dagestan during the Great Patriotic War. The relevance of this topic is due to the fact, that the daily life of an ordinary person in extreme conditions allows us to better assess his contribution to the victory, as well as to understand the motives for the labor heroism he committed during the war years. Studying the daily production life of one of the main social categories that played an important role in achieving victory over Nazism - workers of industrial enterprises - using the example of the Dagestan Autonomous Republic provides an opportunity to feel this era, to understand the psychology and behavior of people during this dramatic period in the history of our country. Based on published works and diverse sources, it is concluded that, despite the objective material and living problems and hardships that existed during the war years, the deterioration of working conditions and the priority of state interests over the interests of an individual, workers and employees of industrial facilities in Dagestan demonstrated selfless work, examples of sacrifice and unity with the front in the name of a great goal - victory over fascist Germany. Much attention is paid to the analysis of the influence of material and living conditions on the attitude towards work of workers in factories and plants in the conditions of everyday military life.

MASHYNOBUDIVNYKY SETTLEMENT IN KHARKIV: STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT AND CONTEMPORARY CHALLENGES

This article examines the development stages and current challenges faced by the Mashynobudivnykiv workers’ settlement in Kharkiv, Ukraine. Initially formed during the Soviet industrialization era, this settlement was built around large manufacturing plants and factories, serving as housing for the workers of these industrial enterprises. Over the decades, the settlement has witnessed significant architectural, social, and infrastructural transformations, but it now faces a critical point due to the decline of its industrial base and aging housing stock. The settlement’s original purpose has largely diminished, leading to a range of socio-economic issues, including unemployment, deteriorating living conditions, and inadequate infrastructure. The article focuses on the architectural heritage of the settlement, analyzing its historical significance as an example of Soviet industrial housing development. The research outlines the specific challenges related to the modernization of the settlement’s infrastructure, particularly the need to balance preserving its architectural character with the demands of modern urban living. Attention is given to issues of energy inefficiency, lack of green spaces, and the broader socio-economic decline impacting the area. In addition to a historical audit of the settlement, the article explores urban planning strategies that could help revitalize Mashynobudivnykiv settlement. The author discusses potential avenues for redevelopment, including renovation of existing buildings, introducing new functional uses for outdated industrial areas, and improving local infrastructure to enhance the quality of life for residents. The integration of modern sustainable development practices, such as energy-efficient housing and green urban planning, is considered critical to the settlement’s long-term viability within the larger context of Kharkiv’s urban growth. The article concludes by proposing comprehensive renovation and revitalization strategies that could rejuvenate the Mashynobudivnykiv settlement while maintaining its historical value. The proposed urban interventions focus on improving living conditions, promoting social cohesion, and fostering economic opportunities, which are essential for the sustainable development of this historic workers’ district. Through these efforts, the Mashynobudivnykiv settlement could serve as a model for the successful transformation of similar post-industrial urban areas in Ukraine. Keywords: Soviet industrialization, architectural heritage, renovation, revitalization, sustainable urbanism.

Informality and Welfare: New Insights from the Job Satisfaction of Workers in Indonesia

Informal employment remains ubiquitous in developing-country labour markets. While informality has been associated with poor outcomes—such as low wages and precarious working conditions—it has been argued that some informal jobs could be beneficial for workers due to non-pecuniary characteristics—such as autonomy and flexibility. We revisit this long-running theoretical debate by analysing job satisfaction, a broad measure of worker welfare. Using two waves of the Indonesian Family Life Survey, we estimate fixed effects regressions to show that informal workers are less likely to be satisfied with their jobs than formal workers. This finding is robust to different estimation strategies, including a matched sample of sector movers and stayers. However, the likelihood of job satisfaction varies considerably among informal workers, with informal self-employed workers being more likely to be satisfied with their jobs than informal salaried workers. Moreover, this satisfaction differential only applies to informal salaried workers in informal enterprises, suggesting a need to better understand the employment conditions facing this group of workers.

ON THE ISSUE OF RADON EXPOSURE IN THE EXISTING RADIATION SITUATION AT WORKPLACES.

assessment of probable exposure levels from radon and NORM in workplaces within the context of justi fying radiation protection plans in an existing exposure situation. Materials regarding the assessment of naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM) con tent in tailing from mining and processing industries in Ukraine and assessments of contamination levels of industri al sites of oil and gas enterprises were used for estimating the probable range of effective doses (ED) of workers fromNORM at industrial enterprises. These materials were obtained as a result of research conducted by specialists from theRadiation Protection Laboratory of the State Institution «O.M. Marzіeiev Institute for Public Health of the NationalAcademy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine» (RP SI «IPH NAMSU»). The results of studies conducted by the StateInstitution «Ukrainian Scientific Research Institute of Industrial Medicine» (SI «UKRMEDPROM») were used for calcu lating the EDs of iron ore miners. Calculations of probable EDs of industrial enterprise workers were carried out usingmethodologies and recommendations from publications of the IAEA related to occupational exposure. Assessments ofexposure levels for office workers were based on measurements of indoor radon concentrations of first-floor premisesin multi-story buildings of industrial urban development from the laboratory's own databases. Radon measurements inindoor air were conducted using passive track etch radon detectors with an exposure time of at least 30 days.Calculations of EDs for office workers were carried out using dose coefficients and mathematical models from the ICRP. When workers are exposed to radon as a result of the technological process, radiation exposure is limitedby dose criteria. Using non-uranium miners as an example, it was shown that effective doses (ED) due to gammaradiation varied within a narrow range, ranging from 0.2 to 0.4 mSv/year, and were on average an order of magnitudelower than the radon component of the total ED for the two groups of mines, which amounted to 2.0-14.0 mSv/yearfor the Northern group and 0.3-0.8 mSv/year for the Southern group. For three underground worker specialties, radi ation EDs could potentially exceed the reference level of 6 mSv/year and fall under regulatory control. Potentialradiation EDs for workers at one of the Ukrainian oil fields were generally not significant (<0.1-1 mSv/year), exceptfor areas where used pipe storage and sludge settlers were located (70.0 mSv/year; 28.0 mSv/year at a distance of10 meters), near which dose limits for Category A personnel (6 mSv/year), falling under regulatory control, wereexceeded. Radon exposure in workplaces also includes the presence of workers in regular office premises on the firstfloors of multi-story buildings, where the main source of radon entry into the air is the underlying soil. For the mostresearched regions of Ukraine (~1200 measurements of radon activity concentrations in first-floor premises), it wasfound that the reference level of 300 Bq/m3 is exceeded in 0.2-0.5% of cases in certain regions, indicating thatpotentially the reference level may be exceeded in tens of thousands of premises. A differentiated approach is justified for assessing the hazards of workplaces, allowing for optimizingradiation protection for workers at a reasonable cost and saving significant resources for enterprises. Effective doses(ED) of radiation for workers at enterprises where radon is an integral part of the technological process vary widelyand can differ by an order of magnitude even within the same enterprise. Reference levels of 300 Bq/m3 may beexceeded in tens of thousands of office premises, and only through direct measurements of radon activity concen trations in building air can such premises be identified.

Hygienic assessment of the potential danger of exposure to fine particles and rare earth elements present in the workplace air for workers at metallurgical enterprises

Introduction. One of the main air pollutants in the working area of metallurgical enterprises is rare earth elements, which are sorbed on fine dust particles and have a negative impact on the health of workers. The study aims to carry out a comprehensive hygienic assessment of the potential health hazards of fine particles and rare earth elements (REE) contained in the air of the working area at metallurgical enterprises. Materials and methods. The specialists have took samples of the working area air to measure the content of REE, dust and industrial aerosol of small fractions, they have assessed the levels of REE in the blood of employees of the metallurgical enterprise (n=31) and the comparison group (n=12). The scientists have measured the REE content in the air of the working area and blood using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry on an Agilent 7900 mass spectrometer. The authors have measured the dust content in the air of the working area in accordance with the MUK 4.1.2468-09 method and determined the content of fine fractions of industrial aerosol using the DustTrak 8533 aerosol analyzer. Results. Analysis of the metal content in the air of the working area showed an excess of control concentrations for chronic inhalation exposure to cerium. In points with a high concentration of metals, the content of industrial aerosol of a fine fraction of 10 microns prevails. During the study of the work area, experts found significantly higher concentrations in the blood of workers employed in production, compared with the comparison group. Limitations. The limitation of research is due to the period of sampling of the working area air, insufficient number of samples of the working area air and samples of biomaterial. The expansion of the list of surveyed points in production and the list of metallurgical enterprises, as well as an increase in the number of surveyed workers, may become a direction for further research to assess the impact of fine particles and rare earth elements on workers of metallurgical enterprises. Conclusion. Since higher concentrations of REE were found in the air of the work area and in the blood of workers compared to the control point/group, reducing the impact of harmful production factors of working conditions and production processes in order to preserve the health of workers remains relevant for enterprises of the metallurgical industry. Ethics. The study was conducted in compliance with Ethical standards in accordance with the Ethical principles set out in the Helsinki Declaration of the World Medical Association (ed. 2013). The study was approved by the local Ethical Committee of the Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Technologies for Public Health Risk Management of Rospotrebnadzor (meeting protocol No. 2 dated 02/11/2021).

Exposure to industrial noise and professional hearing loss among employees of enterprises in the Murmansk region

Occupational sensorineural hearing loss (OSNHL) is one of the oldest and at the same time urgent problems of occupational medicine. In this regard, the characteristics of the development and prevalence of OSNHL among enterprise workers in the Murmansk region became the aim of the study. We analyzed the data of the social and hygienic monitoring «Working conditions and occupational morbidity», as well as the data of the register of newly identified occupational diseases in the Murmansk region in 2003–2022. It was found that in 2003–2022, noise was the most prevalent harmful production factor (20.6 %), and OSNHL was the most prevalent occupational disease (15.5 %) at the region’s enterprises. 770 cases of OSNHL were diagnosed for the first time, mainly in men (96.0 %), miners (65.1 %) and metallurgical workers (17.5 %). In 308 (40.0 %) workers, ONSHL was the only disease, and in 462 (60.0 %) workers, OSNHL was combined with other diseases, primarily diseases of the musculoskeletal system (n=256) and vibration disease (n=54). Over 20 years, there was a decrease in the following indicators: the share of noise in the overall structure of harmful industrial factors (p&lt;0.001); the risk of exposure to noise (OR=1.13; 95 % CI 1.12–1.15; p&lt;0.001); the proportion of OSNHL in the overall structure of occupational pathology (p&lt;0.001). On the contrary, there was an increase in the share of workers with OSNHL in combination with other diseases (p&lt;0.001) and in the share of OSNHL with mild hearing impairment (p=0.016). The observed 32.8 % decrease in the number of OSNHL cases was due to a decrease in the number of workers, and not to the effect of preventive measures. The data obtained, despite the achieved positive dynamics of hygienic and clinical indicators, demonstrate the need to continue active measures to reduce the level of industrial noise and prevent occupational hearing loss, especially among workers in metallurgical enterprises.

Human capital, creativity and innovation as pillars of leading technology systems

The relevance of the research is determined by the need of modern agricultural enterprises for innovations. Only on the basis of innovative development they can be competitive and later enter industry 4. The purpose of the article is to analyze and justify an innovative approach to the formation of technological networks in the agricultural sector based on the use of competitive advantages of human capital and strengthening of its creativity. The authors note that in order to attract innovation, project managers must coordinate the company's strategy with the strategy of knowledge management and creativity development. The study summarizes the results of using an innovative model in the Brazilian agricultural sector that promotes human capital development and knowledge generation, as well as environmental sustainability (the UTAUT model). The evaluation of these results showed that a significant factor in the successful implementation of the innovation model is the creation of an appropriate organizational and management culture, focused on the involvement of innovations in the activities of agricultural enterprises. The authors conducted a survey of agricultural workers of large and small enterprises of this industry in order to identify their need and degree of readiness for innovations. The results of the survey showed significant differences between large and small enterprises in the given parameters, which require the choice of different ways and sources of strengthening their innovativeness. The problem raised in the article is also relevant for Ukraine as a country with a traditional agricultural sector.

Analysis of the Russian market of educational programs in the field of additional professional education for specialists of pharmaceutical companies

Abstract Aim conduct an analysis of the Russian market of educational programs in the field of additional professional education for specialists of pharmaceutical companies. Material and methods. The analysis of the market of educational programs was based on the data of the annual reporting of a number of institutions of higher education (reports on the results of the annual self-examination, reports on the results of activities and on the use of assigned state property, monitoring in the main areas of the educational institution of higher education, information and analytical materials based on the results of monitoring the effectiveness of activities educational institutions of higher education) for the period from 2017 to 2021. Based on data obtained, the share indicators of educational organizations in the Russian market of educational services in the field of additional education for specialists of pharmaceutical enterprises were determined. The share indicator was used to determine the concentration of educational services and the level of competition in the market using the concentration index and the Herfindahl-Hirschman index. In addition, during the work, such methods of analysis as generalization, methods of logical, systemic and comparative analysis, expert forecasting were used. Results. Based on the analysis, data were obtained on the profitability of the market for additional professional education services for pharmaceutical industry specialists; the presence of a high level of concentration of educational services in the market of additional professional education with a slight level of competition was established; the features of the implementation of additional professional training for specialists in the pharmaceutical industry are determined. Conclusion. The importance of additional professional education for specialists in the pharmaceutical industry has been confirmed. The further direction of development of the sphere of additional professional education for workers of pharmaceutical enterprises has been determined. The increase in the Russian market of additional educational programs based on current data on the development of the industry was justified. Recommendations have been formulated to expand the currently implemented programs of additional professional education based on the growing needs of the pharmaceutical market.

HYGIENIC ASSESSMENT OF FACTORS AFFECTING WORKING CONDITIONS AT MEAT PRODUCTION ENTERPRISES

The development of livestock, poultry, and equestrian industries has become a priority of state policy, aiming to provide the population with high-quality meat, dairy, and other livestock products in the Republic of Uzbekistan. These industries are essential for ensuring food security, creating jobs in agriculture, and improving rural livelihoods. Expanding these sectors supports increased production volumes, enhanced export potential, and bolstered competitiveness in global markets. This study focuses on improving working conditions and protecting the health of workers in meat production enterprises. It analyzes the working environment in livestock, poultry, and equestrian industries, highlighting health risks and proposing optimization measures to protect workers.

Substantiation of the algorithm for identifying high-risk groups among the personnel of chemically hazardous facilities

Introduction. Studies of the impact of chemicals on the health of employees of chemical industry enterprises based on biomonitoring are an urgent medical and social problem. The article is devoted to the substantiation of the algorithm for examining personnel at chemically hazardous facilities to identify high-risk groups due to the effects of industrial poisons. Material and methods. The article presents an analysis of domestic and foreign scientific literature devoted to the problems of identifying high-risk groups among workers in chemical enterprises based on biomonitoring methods. Results. Identification of high-chemical risk groups among chemically hazardous facilities employees involves the following steps: assessment of the level of external chemical exposure, identification of priority pollutants, substantiation of the most informative bioenvironments and the time of analysis, determination of exposure/effect biomarkers, and clinical examination of personnel. Limitations. The proposed algorithm for identifying high-risk groups applies only to persons who are professionally in contact with hazardous chemicals. Discussion. The article presents an analysis of the scientific literature on the problem of identifying high-risk groups based on biomonitoring. Conclusion. In order to identify high-risk groups among the personnel of chemical enterprises, it is necessary to introduce the proposed algorithm and develop quantitative criteria for biomonitoring – biological maximum permissible concentrations (BEI) or biological exposure indices into the practice of toxicological and hygienic assessment of the health of workers.

Features of occupational morbidity of uranium mining workers

Introduction. Preservation of the health and professional longevity of people of working age is a priority task of the Russian healthcare system. In this regard, it is extremely important to study the structure and dynamics of occupational pathology for the scientific justification and development of measures aimed at managing the risks to the health of workers in enterprises with extremely dangerous working conditions and to prevent the development of occupational diseases.Objective. To study specific features in the structure of occupational morbidity of workers of a uranium mining enterprise over a 50-year period.Materials and methods. The work was performed on the model of a large uranium mining enterprise within the Rosatom State Corporation in Russia with extremely dangerous working conditions. Cases of occupational diseases detected in workers from the beginning of the operation of the company from 1970 to 2019 were analyzed. The structure of occupational diseases was characterized, and the share contribution of the main nosological forms over 5-year periods was analyzed.Results. The main nosological forms of occupational diseases in underground miners of a uranium ore mining enterprise were identified. A steady trend towards an increase in the total number of cases of diseases was noted. There was a gradual increase in the proportion of diseases of the musculoskeletal system and peripheral nervous system, a decrease in the proportion of “dust” pathology, an increase and subsequent decrease in the proportion of sensorineural hearing loss, as well as a stable contribution to the structure of occupational pathology of malignant neoplasms.Conclusion. Indicators of a priori occupational health and safety risk of uranium mining workers reflect the levels of their occupational morbidity. Musculoskeletal system disorders and occupational malignancies dominate in the structure of occupational diseases. This morbidity is many times higher than the national average.

Utilizing the Advantages of Ideological and Political Work of Party Building to Promote Cultural Construction of State-owned Enterprises

At present, with the continuous changes in the global economic situation and fierce market competition, state-owned enterprises, as an important pillar of the national economy, are facing the challenge of accelerating transformation and upgrading, and constantly innovating and developing. Playing the advantages of ideological and political work of party building can activate the endogenous power of the development of state-owned enterprises, and further promote the better and faster development of state-owned enterprises. Party building work and enterprise culture construction have the role of mutual promotion and facilitation, play a good party building ideological and political work advantages, help to improve the ideological understanding of enterprise staff, promote the formation of excellent enterprise culture in line with the actual development of the enterprise, help to enhance the sense of responsibility and sense of identity of state-owned enterprise workers, further focus on the center, serve the overall situation, and promote the high-quality development of state-owned enterprises.

Смертность от болезней системы кровообращения среди ликвидаторов последствий аварии на Чернобыльской АЭС из числа работников предприятий атомной промышленности

Summary. The aim of the study was to evaluate the mortality from circulatory system diseases (CSD) and its dynamics in liquidators of the Chernobyl accident consequences, workers of nuclear industry enterprises. Materials and research methods. The information base of the study was the data contained in the Industry Register of persons exposed to radiation as a result of the Chernobyl NPP accident (ORCh) functioning since 1987 in FGBU GSC FMBC named after A.I. Burnazyan FMBA of Russia. The database (DB) of the ORCH contains information about 21356 liquidators of the Chernobyl accident consequences. The study covers the period from 1987 to 2021. 304023 persons/years were accumulated in the register for the observation period. The material was processed using the Excel statistical package, the growth rate was calculated when assessing the dynamics of mortality. The results of the study and their analysis. In the structure of CSD mortality (ICD10: I00-I99,9) in liquidators of Chernobyl accident consequences the first rank place is occupied by chronic ischaemic heart disease unspecified (CIHD) (ICD10: I25,9), the second rank place – cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) (ICD10: I67,9), the third rank place – Unspecified cardiomyopathy (ICD10: I42,9). The growth rate of CSD mortality during the observation period is mainly positive, the highest in liquidators of working age.

PARADONT INDICATORS IN EMPLOYEES WORKING WITH CHEMICAL PAINTS ILAN

The article covers the development of the disease in workers with periodont disease who work in chemical enterprises, as well as information about employees who are in contact and who are not in contact. Also, methods for assessing the development of periodont's disease are perfectly illuminated. Clinical-experimental tests conducted by several scientists among workers of a manufacturing enterprise, in which organic and inorganic compounds were applied, comprehensively substantiated the negative effects of chemical dyes, reagents, catalysts and others on the tissues of the oral cavity and in the whole organism.

The process of dangerous event management taking into account economic, environmental and occupational losses

Aim of the research is in risk management process development of a dangerous event taking into account economic, environmental and professional losses.Materials and methods. To develop the process of risks management from various dangers through the integration of their losses (economic, environmental, life and health of employees), we take the most common model "bow tie", which allows to establish a cause and effect relationship between danger – a dangerous event and the severity of the consequences.Results. As a result of the research, it was found that each hazard must be considered based on three different types of damage. This makes it possible to implement another mechanism for identifying the most significant dangerous factors that lead to significant general economic losses. In the case of risk acceptability from each individual dangerous factor, there is an additional opportunity to analyze them based on the relationship between financial activity, economic and professional losses. The second consists in determining the limits of the acceptability of risks, which are formed not only based on the total acceptable economic losses, but also taking into account the stability of the enterprise's work. This implies the need to actively invest in new technologies based on short-term and long-term perspectives. The main types of dangers are defined in the risk register, which is developed by the organization to determine the integration of dangers consisting of natural, technogenic, environmental, occupational and economic groups of dangers and dangerous factors. The authors develop the model and algorithm of risk management based on the combination of different consequences of dangers in economic, environmental character, life loss and health.Scientific relevance. The article determines the relationship between the probability of a dangerous event and the severity of different types of consequences – economic, environmental and occupational dangers through the analysis of Euler-Venn diagrams.Practical relevance. The authors develop the basic principles of risk management of different types of losses: economic, environmental ones, loss of life and health of employees.

The Effect of Organizational Trust of Workers in Large Enterprises on Turnover Intention - The Strategic Role of HR Department Focusing on the Mediating Effects of Workers' Perception -

The Effect of Organizational Trust of Workers in Large Enterprises on Turnover Intention - The Strategic Role of HR Department Focusing on the Mediating Effects of Workers' Perception -

Revisiting the effect of information and communication technologies on employment growth in Ghana: The role of enterprise formality

The employment effect of information and communication technologies (ICT) on firm performance remains a critical topic for policy and academic research. However, our understanding of the ICT-employment growth relationship in both informal and formal sectors in developing countries remains limited. Based on repeated cross-sectional data collected in 2013 and 2015 on 483 Ghanaian manufacturing enterprises and estimating a Feasible Generalised Least Squares (FGLS) regression model, the findings show that access to the internet leads to employment growth in enterprises, while the adoption of mobile phone technologies reduces the number of workers in enterprises. The positive effect of internet access on employment growth tends to be greater in enterprises with a higher degree of formality, while informal enterprises appear to remain small in terms of employment by using internet technology. We discuss these findings and their implications for digital technology policy in developing countries.

MMP1 and SOD2 genes polymorphism in occupational diseases pathogenesis in workers of mining and processing enterprises

Introduction. Vibration disease (VD) is occupational disease that develops with prolonged exposure to industrial vibration. VD is one of the most common occupational pathologies. This disease is characterized by pathogenetic mechanisms complexity, polymorphic symptoms, chronic course, therapeutic resistance, and often leads to disability of patients. As a rule, changes in the cardiovascular and nervous systems, musculoskeletal system and metabolic processes are observed with VD. The aim of study was to find associations of polymorphic variants rs1799750 of MMP1 and rs4880 of SOD2 genes with vibration disease. Materials and methods. 73 people with various forms of VB were examined. The control group consisted of 73 people who were not exposed to vibration in their professional activities. The distribution of polymorphic loci rs1799750 of MMP1 gene and rs4880 of SOD2 gene was studied. Statistical analysis was performed using the IBM SPSS Statistica v.21 and Microsoft Excel software packages. Results. It was revealed that *d allele of rs1799750 of MMP1 gene associated with VD (p=0.046), but its frequency is lower among VD patients with sensorineural hearing loss compared to VD patients without this syndrome (p=0.035). The frequency of *T/*T genotype and the *T allele of rs4880 is increased among patients with peripheral angiodystonic syndrome of VD. Limitations. The limitations of this work include the small sample size and the fact that the study participants from the control sample work at a different enterprise, which does not allow us to exclude the influence of other environmental factors, but allows us to consider them as a reference population. Conclusion. Thus, we were unable to identify a direct association of the studied genotypes with VD, but the association with peripheral angiodystonic syndrome suggests that these polymorphisms affect the pathogenesis of VD.

Features of the immune profile of workers of a non-ferrous metallurgy enterprise in conditions of contamination of biological media with rare earth elements (using the example of thulium)

Introduction. The active use of rare earth elements, including thulium (Tm), in various technological processes increases the risks of health problems associated with the professional activities of the employee. The purpose of the study is to study the characteristics of the immune profile of workers at a non-ferrous metallurgy enterprise under conditions of contamination of biological media with rare earth elements (using the example of thulium). Materials and methods. 35 employees of a non-ferrous metallurgy enterprise were examined. The comparison group consisted of workers with the level of thulium concentration in the blood within the reference interval (n=17), the observation group — workers whose blood thulium content was 2 times higher than the upper limit of the reference values (n=18). The content of thulium in biological media (blood) was studied using mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma. Flow cytometry was used to detect Annexin V-FITC+7AAD+-lymphocytes (late apoptosis/necrosis), enzyme immunoassay — IL6, TNF, general IgE, allergosorbent — specific IgG to lanthanides. Results. It was found that the workers in the observation group had a 2.3-fold increase in the content of total IgE and a 2.0-fold increase in the expression of specific IgG to lanthanides in relation to the results of the comparison group (p&lt;0.05). It was found that with an excess thulium content in the blood, there is an inhibition of cell death by 15% relative to the values of the comparison group. Limitations of the study. Limitations of the study relate to the limited sample size. Ethics. The study protocol was approved by the Biomedical Ethics Committee of the local ethical committee of the Federal Budgetary Institution "FSC MPT URZN" No. 2 dated March 22, 2023. The study was carried out in accordance with the requirements set out in the WMA Declaration of Helsinki "Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects" (1964, 2013). Voluntary informed consent to participate in the study and use of personal data was signed by all participants.

Regarding the influence of national factors on the biotic component of the enterprise's material backpack formation

Relevance of research. Sustainable Development Goal No. 12 refers to reducing the resource intensity of the economy by reducing the costs of material input in production chains. The famous German scientist Friedrich Schmidt-Blick proposed the concept of an ecological backpack as a characteristic of hidden material flows accompanying the entire life cycle of a product. A separate component of the backpack is the biotic part, which was heavy enough when, for example, horse traction was used in old mines. Food self-satisfaction of the staff based on the salary led to the fact that the consumption of food in the production process remained outside the analysis of the company's material flows. The purpose of the study is to prove/refute the validity of the hypothesis regarding the significant dependence of the biotic component of the material backpack on national traditions and the material income of workers of industrial enterprises. Research methods: mathematical statistics. The basis of research is long-term observation of food consumption in Ukraine and abroad, in particular, Poland and China. Main results. In the course of research, certain traditions characteristic of Ukrainian realities were revealed: consumption of food products by the average Ukrainian with a probability of 0.95 is 58.75±0.04 kg per month (698±0.5 kg per year); the structure of the consumer basket in Ukraine contains 33% – milk and dairy products, 15% – vegetables; 14% – bakery products and cereals, 11% – potatoes, 8% – meat and meat products; the average person in Ukraine consumes more food than recommended by the Ministry of Health of Ukraine (by approximately 5%); residents of rural areas consume more food than urban residents (by almost 6% – 57.9 kg per month versus 54.7 kg). It has been statistically proven that the annual volume of food consumption by residents of Ukraine (689 kg) is significantly greater than that of residents of Poland (456 kg) and, even more so, China (413 kg). National differences concerning food preferences have been revealed. Quantitative differences in the national consumption of food products by producers determine the different content of the material backpack of industrial products, which provides certain competitive advantages/disadvantages to the subjects of international market activity. In addition to the national traditions of food consumption, there are laws that determine the influence of the average per capita household equivalent total income on the weight of the food basket. On the basis of official statistical data, a mathematical dependence of the logarithmic form of the amount of food consumption on the average per capita income of a household member is proposed.