Workers In Agricultural Sector Research Articles

Effect of the farmer term of trade and farmworkers wages on rural unemployment and poverty in Indonesia

This study aims to determine the determinants of the welfare of agricultural sector workers who come from poor households in rural areas. The exchange rate of farmers and the wages of farm laborers will affect the level of employment in the agricultural sector, which in turn will affect the level of rural poverty. The methodology used in this study uses a panel data regression model with a recursive equation model. The best model for unemployment estimation is the random effect model, while the best model for poverty estimation is the fixed effect model. The results showed that the daily wage of farm laborers had a significant negative effect on unemployment. This may be due to the fact that higher wages will increase the number of workers who are willing to work in the agricultural sector, so unemployment will fall. While the unemployment variable has a significant positive effect on the level of rural poverty. The practical implication of these research findings is that to reduce poverty in rural areas, efforts from the government are needed to increase the wages of farm laborers, as the government sets minimum wages in the formal sector. The higher daily wages of agricultural laborers will attract unemployed people in villages to work in the agricultural sector.

Occupational Morbidity of Women Associated with Working Conditions in Agriculture

Introduction. About a third of employees of medium and large agricultural enterprises work in hazardous and harmful conditions. It is worth clarifying that the situation in this area is constantly changing, information may become outdated. The presented scientific work is designed to solve this problem. New information should be considered and systematized to study current data. The work objective is to analyze recently published official statistics on the impact of working conditions on the health of agricultural sector workers and, in particular, women. In addition, the problems of the formation and development of occupational diseases of women employed in agriculture are considered.Materials and Methods. The data of the Federal State Statistics Service, the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, as well as the works of foreign and Russian scientists who studied the peculiarities of work in agriculture were used as research materials. Official statistics data were summarized in the form of tables, visualized as diagrams. The illustrative material allowed us, in particular, to compare the indicators, to identify the most significant risks associated with the work of women in the agro-industrial complex.Results. About 35% (that is, more than a third) of the personnel of medium and large enterprises of the agro-industrial complex are women. Many of them work in harmful and dangerous conditions. From 2015 to 2021, the corresponding minimum recorded figure was 26.4% of all women employed in agriculture, the maximum was 37%. Generalized statistical data suggested that from 2015 to 2021 the situation was not significantly improving, a downward trend was not formed. If to speak about hard work, the proportion of women performing such functions increased from 13.8 % to 17.7%, that is, by 2021 the situation noticeably worsened. We noted the progress with strenuous labor processes in agriculture. The proportion of women engaged in such jobs almost halved: from 3.5% to 1.8%. Physical overload, which functionally overstrain the organs and systems of the body, should be recognized as a particularly harmful factor for agricultural sector workers. The most problematic industry from the point of view of women's health was animal husbandry.Discussion and Conclusion. The results of the work allow us to conclude about the unsatisfactory working conditions of women in agriculture. The situation can be improved by state control, mutual interest of employers and employees in the organization of workplaces and the compliance with labor protection requirements. A systematic approach should reduce the number of occupational diseases among women, improve the health indicators of agricultural workers.

Farmers’ opinion about Syrian workers in agricultural sector in Turkey: Case study of Gaziantep

Due to the Syrian Civil War, many Syrians have had to flee their country and seek refuge in neighbouring countries, and they face a great deal of financial and social problems in their new countries of residence. Problems such as language barriers and hostility from the host community make it difficult for refugees to integrate into the countries which took them in, and the fact that they must become a part of the work force as a matter of priority to meet their daily needs means that they often work unskilled jobs for low wages and are not registered in any official systems. The structural properties of the agricultural sector means that it is one of the most popular work areas for Syrian migrants. This study aims to evaluate the circumstances of Syrian individuals under temporary protection status in Turkey in the agricultural sector from the perspective of farmers. To this end, a survey was conducted with 395 farmers working in the agricultural sector in the province of Gaziantep. According to the findings of the research, 61.5% of agricultural businesses in Gaziantep employ Syrian refugees. The main reason for farmers opting to employ Syrian workers under temporary protection order is low wages (78.8%). 82.9% of Syrian refugees work only during harvesting season. 92.4% work both harvesting and hoeing, while 79.2% of business owners state that employing refugees allows them to decreased their production costs. Despite the presence of legal regulations in Turkey outlining how refugees can become a part of the labour force, these haven’t prevented the prevalence of off-the-books employment. Making the necessary amendments to legal regulations regarding seasonal workers in the agricultural sector would benefit both local workers and Syrian refugees. Additionally, legislation regarding salaries would improve the living standards of refugee workers and increase their motivation to work, thus improve productivity in agricultural products.

Analisis Indikator Ketenagakerjaan dan Demografi terhadap Kemiskinan di Jawa Barat

This study aims to examine and analyze the impact of population growth, the Human Development Index (HDI), underemployment, agricultural and non-agricultural workers on the number of poor people in West Java during the 2011-2019 period. This study is a quantitative and descriptive analysis, data collection techniques using secondary data obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics of West Java, the Center for Employment Information Data and the National Development Planning Agency. The research subjects were 27 districts and cities with data analysis techniques using panel data regression. The results show that population growth has a positive effect on the number of poor people, the Human Development Index (HDI) has a negative impact on the number of poor people, and the underemployed population has a positive impact on the number of poor people. The large number of poor people and workers in the agricultural sector have a negative impact on the number of poor people, and employment in the non-agricultural sector has a negative impact on the number of poor people. Through this study it was found that population growth, Human Development Index (HDI), underemployed population, agricultural sector workers and non-agricultural sector workers as independent variables can explain changes in the number of poor people in West Java.

DO PARENTS INTRODUCE AGRICULTURAL LIVELIHOOD TOWARDS RURAL-YOUTH? Understanding Communication Pattern Between Parents and Rural-Youth related to Agricultural Livelihood in Ciasmara Village, Pamijahan Sub-district, Bogor Regency

The regeneration of agricultural workers has decreased in the last 10 years, this is feared to have an impact on food security in Indonesia. There are several things that cause the absence of young workers in agricultural sector, including how agricultural values are passed on to their children. This study will focus on (1) identifying communication frequency between parents and youth in context of agricultural work (2) identifying actors that communicate with rural youth in context of agricultural work. (3) Identifying the discussion topics between parents and rural youth in context of agricultural work. This research was carried out in Ciasmara Village, Bogor Regency from June 2020 - August 2021. Ciasmara Village was chosen as the research location because the village is one of the rice barns in Bogor Regency and the largest rice contributor to the capital city area. A total of 120 village youths were selected as research respondents through purposive sampling method. The results showed that parents still communicated about agriculture to their children in the context of rice cultivation and how to harvest rice. Both of these information are the most frequently discussed information because they are closely related to family labor to save production costs.

What Impacts Perceived Stress among Canadian Farmers? A Mixed-Methods Analysis.

Globally, farmers report high levels of occupational stress. The purpose of this study was to identify and explore factors associated with perceived stress among Canadian farmers. A sequential explanatory mixed-methods design was used. An online cross-sectional national survey of Canadian farmers (n = 1132) was conducted in 2015–2016 to collect data on mental health, demographic, lifestyle, and farming characteristics; stress was measured using the Perceived Stress Scale. A multivariable linear regression model was used to investigate the factors associated with perceived stress score. Qualitative interviews (n = 75) were conducted in 2017–2018 with farmers and agricultural sector workers in Ontario, Canada, to explore the lived experience of stress. The qualitative interview data were analyzed via thematic analysis and then used to explain and provide depth to the quantitative results. Financial stress (highest category—a lot: (B = 2.30; CI: 1.59, 3.00)), woman gender (B = 0.55; CI: 0.12, 0.99), pig farming (B = 1.07; CI: 0.45, 1.69), and perceived lack of support from family (B = 1.18; CI: 0.39, 1.98) and industry (B = 1.15; CI: 0.16–2.14) were positively associated with higher perceived stress scores, as were depression and anxiety (as part of an interaction). Resilience had a small negative association with perceived stress (B = −0.04; CI: −0.06, −0.03). Results from the qualitative analysis showed that the uncertainty around financial stress increased perceived stress. Women farmers described the unique demands and challenges they face that contributed to their overall stress. Results from this study can inform the development of mental health resources and research aimed at decreasing stress among Canadian farmers.

Kontribusi Generasi Muda Dalam Pertanian Indonesia

Indonesia is one country that relies on the agricultural sector as its superiority. However, the need for good quality and human resources in recent years has diminished especially in the agricultural sector so that it will affect the contribution of the young agricultural / young generation workforce to the success of agriculture in Indonesia. This study aims to determine 1) the contribution of young generation agricultural sector workers in Indonesia 2) the development trend of the younger generation workforce in the agricultural sector 3) efforts to lure young people to work in the agricultural sector. The research method used is descriptive analytic method. The data used are secondary data from the Ministry of Agriculture and the Central Statistics Agency of Indonesia. The data analysis method uses the contribution method and trend line analysis. Based on the results and discussion above, it can be concluded that the value of the contribution of the agricultural youth workforce from 2014 to 2019 tends to decrease. The trendline for the development of the young agricultural workforce is y = - 518017x + 4E + 07 and is negative or will decline in the following years. Efforts to increase the interest of young people can be done in various ways such as improving education, making young entrepreneurs in agriculture and providing incentives in agriculture to attract the interest of young people working in agriculture

Factors that Correlation to Occupational Contact Dermatitis Among Tobacco Farmers in Jember District, East Java Province, Indonesia

Introduction. Contact dermatitis is positived by most agricultural sector workers. Tobacco farming is one of the places where chemicals are sourced from pesticides, fertilizers, and also nicotine derived from tobacco leaves. This study aims to analyze the factors associated with contact dermatitis in tobacco farmers in Jember, East Java Province, Indonesia. Method. The research design is case control with 155 tobacco farmers. The dependent variable of this study is Occuptional Contact Dermatitis (OCD) as measured through the results of a doctor’s examination. Independent variables are individual factors and occupational factors. Individual factors include age, sex, education, individual hygiene, use of personal protective equipment, and complaints of GTS. Occupational factors consist of the main job, additional work, types of tobacco leaves, work at risk, work period, length of work, length of rest. Data analysis used Chi-Square test with a significance value of p <0,05. Result and Discussion. The results revealed that factors related to OCD in tobacco farmers in Jember Regency were age (p = 0.037), education (0,013), GTS complaints (p = 0,030), type of tobacco leaf (p=0,005), working periode (p=0,042) and working hours (p=0,008). Conclusion Individual factors related to OCD in tobacco farmers are age, education, and GTS complaints. Occupational factors related to OCD are the type of tobacco leaves, working periode and length of work. This study revealed that OCD through promotion and integrated occupational health education.

ANALISIS PENDAPATAN TENAGA KERJA SEKTOR PERTANIAN PADA IFLS 5

This research was conducted with the aim to be able to find out the factors that affect the income of agricultural sector workers based on data from Indonesian family life survey wave 5 (IFLS 5) in 2014. Based on existing problems, namely the high absorption of labor in the agricultural sector but ironically the agricultural sector has the lowest level of income is from other sectors. For this reason, the writer conducts research with the title (Analysis of Factors Affecting the Income Level of Indonesian Agricultural Sector Workers). This study took a sample of 1104 respondents from the total population of the agricultural sector as much as 1891. Respondents were filtered based on productive age 15-65 years. With the dependent variable income of workers and the independent variables of education level, age, gender, working hours, marital status and work experience. From the results of the statistical tests conducted shows that 51% of the independent variables affect the independent variables and the rest are influenced by independent variables outside the research model. From the results of multiple linear regression tests indicate that the independent variables significantly influence the variables of education level, age, working hours, and work experience and can explain their influence on the labor sector income variable in Indonesia.

Elderly Attitudes on the Continuity of Working Careers

This article analyses the elderly attitudes on the continuity of working careers in different sectors of the labour market. It discusses theoretical approaches and the determining factors of older people participation in the labour market. Attention is drawn to the impact they have in different labour market sectors.&#x0D; The investigation was carried out in primary quantitative data analysis. The factors of participation in different labour market sectors were analysed using the data of the European Working Conditions Survey (2015). Primary data are treated with the statistical software package (SPSS). Data analysis includes frequency distribution, cross-tabulation, chi-square tests, factor analysis, and logistic regression methods.&#x0D; The research results shown that in Lithuania, three quarters of the elderly want to pursue a professional career, but attitudes vary across sectors. Logistic regression models showed that job and health satisfaction is particularly important for all sectors. Gender is important in agriculture, hotels, and education. In the financial, public administration, education and health services, the role of education plays an important role and increases the attitudes of working longer. Harmful factors identified during the study had an impact on four branches. Psychologically challenging conditions have affected the financial and educational sectors, harmful substances and physically demanding working conditions affect the attitudes of workers in the manufacturing sector, and harmful feelings affect the agricultural sector workers.

Analisis Sektor Basis dan Shift-Share Pekerja Menurut Lapangan Usaha PDRB Propinsi Jawa Timur

The province that was the object of the study was East Java with the reason that it had the highest number of agricultural sector workers among the six provinces in Java island in 2011 and 2017. The first objective of this study was to know the base and non-base sectors in the GRDP by Business Field; the second objective is to examine the development of the sector regionally compared to the national and the competitiveness of the sector.&#x0D; The analytical tools are used: the Location Quotient analysis that is used to analyze the first goal and Shift-share analysis that is used to analyze the second goal.&#x0D; The results of the analysis are: The results of the LQ analysis for East Java province in 2011 and 2017 have the same base activities namely sector 1. Agriculture, Forestry, Hunting and Fisheries; and sector 2. Mining and quarrying. The results of the Shift Share analysis from 2011 to 2017 for East Java province show National Share all sectors have absorption growth rates regional labor (East Java) is higher than the national level (Java island); in the Industrial Mix column sector 1 is a sector that grows more slowly; in the Competitive Position column 3,5,6,7,8 are sectosr that has low competitiveness.

KEMISKINAN DAN KETENAGAKERJAAN DI JAWA BARAT: STUDI KASUS KABUPATEN PURWAKARTA

The problem of poverty is a complex and multidimensional problem which covers various aspects in the human life, not least for local governments in the scope of West Java. The efforts to alleviate poverty must pay attention to the root problem of poverty itself. One of the strategic issues in the Regional Medium-Term Development Plan/ Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Daerah (RPJMD) 2018-2023 is poverty and employment. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship of poverty and employment in West Java in 2017-2018 with a case study in Purwakarta Regency. The data used are secondary data from district/municipality in West Java in the 2014-2017 period using panel data regression analysis with the Random Effects Model (REM) and the results are as follows. First, the Open Unemployment Rate/ Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka (TPT) has a positive but not significant impact on poverty levels. Second, the number of workers in wholesale, retail, restaurant and hotel sectors has a negative and significant impact on poverty levels. Third, the number of casual workers in agricultural sector has a positive and significant impact on poverty levels.

Agriculture sector workers and rice production in Riau Province in 2010–2018

Absorption of labor in the agricultural sector in Riau Province in 2019 was around 31.9 %, down from the previous year which reached 55.3 %. The agricultural sector has a high contribution to GDP (in economic terms) in Riau Province. The results of rice production from agricultural activities can affect vulnerability to food security in a province. The research objective is to examine the employment of agricultural sector workers and rice production in Riau Province in 2010-2018. The data used are institutional data. The method used in this research is descriptive with quantitative data support. Generally, in Riau Province, regencies classified as high in human resources (labor) sector A are Indragiri Hilir Regency and Rokan Hilir Regency which produce large amounts of rice production. Regencies that are classified as high in the number of workers are Kampar and Rokan Hulu, but rice production is still relatively low, due to not optimal productivity.

Analisis peranan dan daya saing sector pertanian serta pengaruhnya terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi Kabupaten Muaro Jambi

The purpose of this study was to analyze the role of the agricultural sector in Muaro Jambi Regency, to analyze the level of competitiveness of the agricultural sector in Muaro Jambi Regency, and to analyze the influence of agricultural sector labor on economic growth in Muaro Jambi Regency during the 2001-2015 period. This study uses descriptive and quantitative analysis methods. The results of the analysis show that the agricultural sector can provide a large role for the economy in Muaro Jambi Regency and become the base or leading sector during the 2001-2015 period with an average LQ value of 1.17. The shift-share analysis shows that the agricultural sector has a very high regional growth value, fast proportional growth, and regional share growth that is competitive compared to other sectors in other regions during the 2001-2015 period. Agricultural sector workers have a positive and significant effect on economic growth in Muaro Jambi Regency. Keywords: Agricultural sector, Base sector, Competitiveness, Labor, Economic growth

Dampak input (tenaga kerja) dan output (GDP) sektor pertanian terhadap konsumsi pemerintah di Indonesia

This study aims to analyze the development of inputs (labor) and output (GDP) in the agricultural sector and government consumption in Indonesia during the period 1993-2014 and analyze the impact of inputs (labor) and output (GDP) on the agricultural sector on government consumption in Indonesia. The result of the research show during period from 1993-2014 output GDP in agriculture sector is 17% with an average value is 496,9 trillion rupiah. For agricultural sector workers the average value of growth is equal to -0.007%, with an average value of 39,621.18 thousand people, the highest growth occurred in 1998 which amounted to 13.29% and the lowest growth occurred in 1997 which was equal to -7.76%. The regression results show that the GDP variable Output of the agricultural sector has a positive and significant effect on government consumption, while the agricultural sector labor variable has no significant effect on government consumption.

Women Workers in Agricultural Sector: A Literature Review

&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;For any research, literature review is an essential part as it helps in identifying the area of research. Agriculture is the main source of sustenance for both developing and under developed countries. In countries like India, women’s position is not as strong as men both economically and socially and she faces more constraints than men. They cannot relocate easily. Women in rural areas have to manage multiple activities like maintaining home, making food, arranging water etc. and they are working in farms also. So, they are living hard life. All the activities performed by rural women is essential for the well-being of the rural households, still they are not defined as ‘economically active employment’ in national accounts. In India, 24 percent to total workers work as female cultivators and 41.1 percent to total workers work as female agricultural labourers. Past studies also relieved that because of less education, unawareness about the laws, poverty and gender discrimination, women workers face many problems. Also, few studies show that in some parts of the nation women workers are being paid less than the male workers. This Paper reviews past research studies to highlight the role and position of women workers in agricultural sector. &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

НАПРЯМКИ ПІДВИЩЕННЯ КОНКУРЕНТОСПРОМОЖНОСТІ АГРАРНОГО ВИРОБНИЦТВА В УМОВАХ ЄВРОІНТЕГРАЦІЇ

The paper recognized that important aspects of the specified Ukraine European integration course, is ensuring that European agricultural products quality and safety standards and, therefore, increase the competitiveness of agriculture of countries in the European market of agricultural products. The situation on the domestic agricultural market, points to the ineffectiveness of Ukraine defined priorities and directions of development of agrarian sector. It was established that the position of Ukrainian agricultural production has not reached the level at which began a rapid decline in the development of the agricultural sector. On this basis, highlights the main problems and lead to the worsening economic situation in the industry. Introduction to the principles of the Single Agricultural Policy of the EU revealed that at its core is a system of state regulation and financial support to the agricultural sector, which provides tax regulation and promotion of agricultural production, government support and funding for agricultural development, and aims to support agricultural cooperatives, management technical the progress and development of human resource capacity of the agricultural sector workers of the Member states. On this basis, determined that the European integration scenario Ukrainian agricultural production should be based on the current transformation of the existing principles of the industry and provide for technical and technological modernization of farms, improving their innovation activity, introduction of modern mechanisms to attract investment funds and harmonization of quality standards for agricultural products. An essential part of this process should be a system of state regulation and support the development of the agricultural sector, to facilitate an enabling environment for the realization of economic transformation in the industry and ensure improvement of the competitiveness of domestic agricultural production in the European market of agricultural products.

Factors Affecting Job Satisfaction of Agricultural Sector Workers in Ghana

The Agricultural sector plays an important role in underpinning the economic development of a country. The study attempts to evaluate job satisfaction of workers in different agricultural organizations in the country. The focus of the study is the relative importance of job satisfaction factors and their impacts on the overall job satisfaction of employees. It also attempts to measure the impacts of the agricultural organization type, policies and culture on the attitudes towards job satisfaction. It is instructive to note that the overall job satisfaction of the agricultural sector is at unimpressive level. The study revealed that salary fringe benefits, motivation packages, accessibility to credits/loans and co-worker relation and availability of right tools to work with were most important factors contributing to job satisfaction. This paper highlighted some of these problems and presented a picture of level of job satisfaction among employees of agricultural sector and attempts to present a comprehensive diagnosis of job satisfaction indices of agricultural sector, the factors causing the dissatisfaction and suggestions to improve them. The study further revealed that job security, recognition and reward, compensation, salary and workers opinion were key factors to be considered by employers in improving job satisfaction of agricultural workers in Ghana.

Public health effects of pesticides used in pest management and precautions for the protection

Pesticides, which are widely used not only for weed and pest control efforts in agricultural sector but also preservatives and antifouling for factory products, consumer products such as household disinfectants and food packaging and storage operations, can be detected both from the basic components of the environment and all living tissues. Due to the toxic effects, they can lead to many chronic irreversible diseases such as cancer, defective births, nervous system disorders, endocrine system disorders including diabetes. Not only the risk groups in the community including children, the elderly, pregnant women, and particularly the agricultural sector workers, who have high risk of exposure to pesticides, but also all the individuals in the community must be protected against the harmful effects of pesticides. For this reason, when fighting against the pests, integrated pest management principles, which primarily targets not damaging the humans and community as well as the environment and other organisms, should be based on.

Changes in Labour Market and Domestic Agriculture

Sri Lanka&rsquo;s economy has undergone significant structural changes during the past two decades. The manufacturing and services sectors show a considerable growth during this period and these changes in the economy seem to have had a greater influence on domestic agriculture. Sri Lanka&rsquo;s rural areas have witnessed the co-existence of rising wage rates of domestic agricultural sector workers with relatively high unemployment levels. The real price of agricultural output shows a declining trend while the real wage rate in domestic agriculture shows an increasing trend. This study examines the influence of the expansion effect of non-agricultural sector on the real wages of the domestic agriculture during the post reform period. Engle and Granger methodology is used to determine the relationship between real agricultural wage rates, capital formation in non-agriculture and wage rate of export agriculture. The results indicate the presence of a long-term relationship between wage rate and capital formation in the non-agriculture sector. Increase in labour productivity, suitable farm mechanization and institutional changes related to land and labour would help to mitigate the negative influence of rising wage rates on domestic agriculture. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/sjae.v6i1.3472 <em>SJAE </em>2004; 6(1): 82-97