Working Conditions Research Articles

A Multi-Mode Pressure Stabilization Control Method for Pump–Valve Cooperation in Liquid Supply System

In order to solve the problems of frequent pressure fluctuations caused by frequent action of the unloading valve of the pump station and serious hydraulic shock due to the variable amount of fluid used in the hydraulic support system of the coal mining face and the irregularity of the load suffered by the system, a pump–valve cooperative multi-mode stabilizing control method based on a digital unloading valve was proposed. Firstly, a prototype of a digital unloading valve under high-pressure and high water-based conditions was developed, and a digital control scheme was proposed to control the pilot valve by a servo motor to adjust the system pressure in real time. Then, an experimental platform for simulating the hydraulic bracket and a co-simulation model was constructed, and the validity of the co-simulation model was verified through experiments. Secondly, a collaborative multi-mode pressure stabilization control method for the pump valve based on a GRNN (General Regression Neural Network) was established to control the flow and pressure output of the emulsion pumping station according to the actual working conditions. Finally, numerical research and experimental verification were carried out for different working conditions to prove the effectiveness of this method. The results showed that the proposed pressure stabilization control method could adaptively adjust the working state of the digital unloading valve and the liquid supply flow of the emulsion pump station according to the working condition of the hydraulic support, effectively reducing the frequency and amplitude of the system pressure fluctuations and making the system pressure more stable.

Examining the Effects of Health Work Shortages and Deployment in Integrated Programme in Bihar, India: AnInstitutional Ethnography.

The integration of health programms in low-resource settings is a common approach aimed at providing quality and cost-effective healthcare services. However, programme integration can unintentionally impact service provision and disrupt the overall organisation of service delivery. In this paper, I examine the integrated programme for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and explore the challenges related to the deployment of health workers. Specifically, I investigate the institutional processes that shape the work of health workers and the working conditions in district hospitals. To explore the social organisation of the implementation of the integrated NCD programme, I employed institutional ethnography as a research method. Data collection involved interviews, participant observation, and document reviews. Data analysis was conducted using social mapping, analytical writing, and textual analysis methods. The findings of the study suggest that due to staff shortages and a lack of doctors, health workers are continuously subjected to deployment and often required to undertake multiple tasks and responsibilities without any incentives or non-monetary benefits. Administrators perceive health workers in integrated programs as additional human resources available for use in district hospitals. However, the removal of health workers from integrated programs can have negative implications for service delivery and patients' health outcomes. Finding of the study suggests that it is recommended that administrators improve the staff recruitment process and promptly address the grievances of health workers to enhance healthcare delivery.

Academic development, trust, and the state of the profession

ABSTRACT This article assesses the basis of trust in academic development as it relates to the current standing of academic development as a profession against established, distinguishing criteria of professions. These are: 1) possession of an inwardly-defined, esoteric, and specialized body of knowledge and skills; 2) collective autonomy over the structure of professional training and education, cultivation of professional identity, and fundamental conditions of work; 3) evidence of a values-informed call to service and a shared code of ethics. The article identifies opportunities for academic development to deepen its status as a profession to enhance trust in academic development and invites further discussion.

Risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in taxi drivers in Tabriz metropolis

Risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in taxi drivers in Tabriz metropolis

A Model-Driven Approach to Extract Multi-Source Fault Features of a Screw Pump

Screw pumps’ faulty working conditions affect the stability of oil production. At project sites, different sensors are used simultaneously to collect multi-dimensional signals; the data fault labels and location are not clear, and how to comprehensively use multi-source information in effective fault feature extraction has become an urgent issue. Existing diagnostic methods use a single signal or part of a signal and do not fully utilize the acquired signal, which makes it difficult to achieve the required accuracy of diagnostic results. This paper focuses on the model-driven approach to extract multi-source fault features of screw pumps. Firstly, it constructs a fault data model (FDM) by analyzing the fault mechanism of the screw pump. Secondly, it uses the FDM to select an effective data set. Thirdly, it constructs a multi-dimensional fault feature extraction model (MDFEM) to extract featured signal features and data features, for which we also comprehensively used multi-source signals in effective fault feature extraction, while other traditional methods only use one or two signals. Finally, after feature selection, unsupervised fault diagnosis was achieved by using the k-means method. After experimental verification, the method can comprehensively use multi-source information to construct an effective data set and extract multi-dimensional, effective fault features for screw pump fault diagnosis.

Crime Type Identification Using High-Order Deep Residual Network with Multiple Attention Algorithm

ABSTRACT Crime type identification is crucial for improving public safety through more accurate prevention and efficient responses. However, practical applications often suffer from a significant lack of effective samples features, making it difficult to focus on the most informative aspects during identification. This study addresses these challenges by proposing a novel crime type identification method that leverages a deep neural network enhanced with multiple attention mechanisms. The approach includes a tailored data processing method involving target encoding to convert categorical data into numerical form, L 2 normalizer to standardize data and ensure balanced feature contribution, and variance threshold feature selection to remove low-variance features. Additionally, a High-Order Deep Residual Network with Multiple Attention (HO-ResNet-MA) is developed, featuring an optimized Huta68 block (Huta-6(8)-MA ResBlock) with an enhanced Contextual Transformer (CoT) unit for local attention and a queue-and-exclusion layer for global attention. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, homicide reports data and Chicago crimes data are processed and fed into the crime type identification model, resulting in accuracies of over 84.1% and 99.5%, respectively. This study makes contributions to the field of crime analysis by validating the practical applicability of these approaches, and enhancing the efficiency of public safety workers.

Effects of Fish Waste Management Practice on Environmental Pollution in Tanzania: A Case Study of Kivukoni Ferry Fish Market

Globally, waste arising from human and animal activities that are normally solid and are discarded as useless or unwanted are broadly defined as solid waste. It includes municipal garbage, industrial and commercial wastes, sewerage slug, waste of agricultural and animal husbandry, demolition waste and mining residues. The study aimed to identify strategies deployed by the management at Kivukoni Ferry Fish market. The study adopted case study research design with mixed approaches. The study used purposive and probability sampling techniques. The study used Slovenes formulae to obtain sample size of 160 respondents from target population of 213 respondents. The study used questionnaire and interview to obtain data needed. The study findings indicates that 77.1% of respondents agreed that management of Kivukoni Ferry fish market provide clean water for fish processing and fish waste collection bins. The study concluded that, Kivukoni fish market provide clean water for fish processing, also inadequate provision tools for fish waste collection and poor logistics for fish waste transportation from Kivukoni Ferry fish market to Pugu damp. In additional to that, poor market infrastructure led the market to produce odor smell, immediately in hot weather condition, this situation threaten the environment and the safety of workers and community at large. The study recommended that, Kivukoni Ferry fish market management should establish designated waste collection points within the market to streamline the disposal process and should develop a reliable logistics system for the timely transportation of fish waste from the market to Pugu dump.

Comprehensive Investigation of Epoxy Adhesives for Structural Applications in Saudi Arabia: Mechanical Performance, Environmental Impacts, and Analysis on Health.

Epoxy adhesives possess excellent mechanical properties, durability, and stability in harsh environments, making them suitable for producing engineering materials. This study selects four commercially available epoxy adhesives in Saudi Arabia: Epotec YD 128; Sikadur®-52 LP; Sikadur®-31 CF; and Sikadur®-42 MP Slow. Firstly, a comparison of their storage, application, and service temperatures was made, detailing the hazard identification and prevention measures established in accordance with the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) guidelines. Subsequently, test samples of the four adhesives were produced, and tensile, compressive, and shear tests were conducted to compare their fundamental mechanical properties. Finally, a gas analyzer assessed the major harmful gases emitted by these epoxy adhesives 120 min after mixing the epoxy resins and curing agents. The results show that Sika 42 exhibits the highest tensile and compressive strengths among other types of adhesives, reaching 75.7 MPa and 133.8 MPa, respectively. It also has the longest pot life of 48 min at elevated temperatures (40 °C), making it suitable for the climatic conditions in Saudi Arabia. However, as a three-component adhesive, its application is complex and associated with the most identified hazards. Sika 31 presents a tensile modulus of up to 10.4 GPa, at least 3.8 times higher than the other adhesives, making it practical for controlling tensile deformation. Additionally, its ultimate shear strain reaches 10.7%, at least 6.6 times higher than the other samples, highlighting its suitability for constructing ductile bonds. After mixing of epoxy resins with curing agents, the presence of NO2 and SO2 were detected. However, no harmful gases were detected after 120 min, possibly due to the complete curing of the adhesives.

. Changes in Serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and matrix metallopeptidase-2/9 (MMP-2/9), serum CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ in patients undergoing thoracoscopic surgery for non-small-cell lung cancer

Abstract Objective: Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains one of the most common malignancies worldwide, posing a great potential threat to the health and life safety of patients. Methods: One hundred and fifty NSCLC patients admitted to our hospital from September 2022 to September 2023 were selected, inflammatory response, changes in T-lymphocyte subpopulations before and after surgery were detected, and patients' psychological status was investigated. Finally, patients were followed up for 6 months to record the prognostic survival rate. Results: Postoperative inflammatory factors and CD8+ were lower in the research group than in the control group, while CD3, CD4+ and CD4/CD8+ were higher than in the control group (P<0.05). Meanwhile, the psychological status of the research group was better. But there was no difference in prognostic survival between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: Perioperative refinement of care can optimize the surgical process in patients with NSCLC, and the cellular immune function was enhanced.

‘I didn’t expect to be so close to being diabetic’: beliefs of prediabetes and diabetes prevention among Hispanic men at a federally qualified health center

ABSTRACT Objectives Prediabetes is disproportionately prevalent in Hispanic men in the United States. Weight management, such as through lifestyle interventions, effectively reduces diabetes risk. However, Hispanic men remain underrepresented in existing lifestyle interventions, and their preferences for engaging in preventative behaviors remain unexplored. We aimed to explore the experiences of Hispanic men being diagnosed with prediabetes and the perceived influences on engaging in preventative behaviors and lifestyle change. Design This qualitative study conveniently sampled Hispanic men with prediabetes (n = 15) from a Federally Qualified Health Center in New York City. Private semi-structured interviews were audio recorded and explored prediabetes beliefs and perceived influences on engaging in preventative lifestyle change. Transcripts were double-coded using a deductive thematic approach, which revealed 5 major themes consistent with the Health Belief Model. Results (1) Perceived Susceptibility and Severity: Despite fearing diabetes, Hispanic men are unsure about their personal risk for developing it. (2) Cues to Action: Receiving a clinical diagnosis and recognizing its potential impact on family members heightens concerns about diabetes risk. (3) Benefits of Lifestyle Change: Small, practical changes in dieting and exercising can make preventing diabetes manageable. (4) Barriers to Lifestyle Change: Restrictive environments and schedules, coupled with some cultural habits, can lead to unhealthy lifestyle choices. (5) Self-Efficacy: Lifestyle change is a matter of personal agency, but additional information can support the right changes. Conclusions Influences potentially unique to Hispanic men in this setting included references to unhealthy foods environments, overwhelming working conditions, carbohydrate-rich cultural staples, and the threat of diabetes to self-perceptions of being head-of-family. These findings provide insight into Hispanic men’s perceived barriers to engaging in preventative behaviors and motivators that can potentially facilitate their engagement in diabetes prevention.

Empirical Reality versus Theoretical Framework: Street-Level Bureaucrats' Behavior in Driver's License Services at Pinrang Police Resort, Indonesia

This study investigates the behavioral dynamics of street-level bureaucrats (SLBs) in the driver's license (SIM) service at the Pinrang Resort Police (Polres Pinrang) in Indonesia, juxtaposing empirical findings with Michael Lipsky's seminal theory of street-level bureaucracy. Employing a qualitative phenomenological methodology, the research seeks to elucidate the influence of working conditions on SLBs' behavioral patterns and the consequent impact on public service quality. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with SLBs and service recipients, non-participant observations, and document analysis, then subjected to iterative thematic analysis using interactive model. The findings reveal notable divergences from Lipsky's theoretical propositions. SLBs at Polres Pinrang encounter reduced ambiguity in policy objectives and performance evaluation, attributable to effective communication channels, comprehensive standard operating procedures, and a robust performance appraisal system. Despite resource limitations and escalating service demands, SLBs exhibit adaptability in delivering responsive services through access rationing strategies, task routinization, and collaborative partnerships with interdepartmental units and community stakeholders. Contrary to the nonvoluntary client interactions posited by Lipsky, SLB-SIM applicant engagements are characterized by enhanced humanization and responsiveness. Nevertheless, Lipsky's theoretical insights maintain relevance in the broader landscape of public service provision. The study underscores the criticality of striking a balance between procedural adherence and client-centric responsiveness to optimize service quality.

A Reflective Thematic Analysis Into the Perceptions of Pregnant Radiographers Regarding the Usefulness of the PregiDose Mobile App to Enhance Fetal Dosimetry and Well-Being: Qualitative Exploration.

Pregnancy apps are widely used by pregnant women, who benefit from self-tracking features to support their health goals. Pregnant radiographers are considered a high-risk group of health workers practicing in ionizing radiation environments. Radiation exposure above threshold limits can cause harmful genetic effects on a fetus. Accordingly, pregnant radiographers are required to wear special fetal dosimeters, which provide real-time readings of radiation dose exposure to the fetus. Pregnant radiographers have the responsibility to self-track their fetal doses to ensure that the threshold limit of 1 mGy is not exceeded. The traditional method used to track doses includes a written log of doses in a notebook. Thus, PregiDose, a unique offering in the context of pregnancy apps, was developed to enhance fetal dose tracking and monitoring using technological methods. This study aims to describe the users' perceptions of the app's usefulness using PregiDose in a natural setting. The overarching framework adopted for the study was a design science research (DSR) methodology encompassing five steps, namely (1) problem awareness, (2) suggestion, (3) development, (4) evaluation, and (5) conclusion. This paper presents the evaluation step of DSR. DSR step 4 included a qualitative approach to explore users' perceptions regarding the app. Data were collected using a semistructured interview guide. Open-ended questions were guided by the app's core features, namely dose tracking, education, and wellness. In total, 17 pregnant radiographers in South Africa enrolled to use the app, 9 (53%) engaged with the app, and 4 (24%) agreed to participate in the feedback interviews. The data were collected from October 2023 to March 2024 and analyzed using a reflective thematic data analysis method. Three overarching themes emerged from the data, namely (1) usefulness of PregiDose, (2) barriers to PregiDose adoption and use, and (3) recommendations for the advancement of PregiDose. Users labeled the app's usefulness as positive and perceived it as a modern approach to traditional dose-tracking methods. They perceived the graph output of the dose-tracking feature to be useful for viewing their accumulative doses. They did not fully engage with the journaling feature, indicating that it was a personal preference and not a practice they would usually engage in. Physiological barriers, such as fatigue and "pregnancy brain," were contributors to decreased engagement. Finally, because of the demanding workload and fast-paced nature of the radiography department, users recommended the automation of fetal dosimetry through the Internet of Things. PregiDose is an occupational health and safety mobile app developed for pregnant radiographers through a DSR approach. The app offers a modern method of dose tracking consistent with technological advancements in the context of self-tracking. However, future implementation would require using Internet of Things to make fetal dose tracking more effective.

A deep dive into penetrating ocular trauma: Insights from a South Indian tertiary eye care center

Penetrating ocular trauma is a significant cause of visual impairment and blindness worldwide. In India, with its vast and diverse population, understanding the epidemiology and patterns of Penetrating ocular trauma is crucial for effective prevention and management. This study aims to investigate the prevalence, characteristics, and outcomes of penetrating ocular trauma in the South Indian population. By analyzing data from a tertiary eye care center in South India, this research seeks to contribute to the existing knowledge base and inform evidence-based interventions to reduce the burden of penetrating ocular trauma in this region.To analyze the clinical profile, management, and outcomes of penetrating ocular trauma cases at a tertiary eye care center in South India.A retrospective review of medical records from January 2024 to June 2024 was conducted. Data collected included demographic details, mode of injury, clinical presentations, management approaches, and visual outcomes.Out of 150 cases, 120 were male (80%) and 30 female (20%). The majority of cases occurred in the 20-40 age group (60%). Common causes included workplace accidents (45%), domestic injuries (30%), and road traffic accidents (15%). Initial visual acuity varied from no light perception to >6/18. Surgical intervention was required in 90% of cases. Post-operative follow-up indicated that 60% achieved a visual acuity of 6/60 or better, while 20% had no light perception.Penetrating ocular trauma predominantly affects young males in South India, with workplace injuries being a major cause. Early surgical intervention improves visual outcomes. Public awareness and safety measures could reduce the incidence of such injuries.

Research on Mechanical Characteristics of High-Toughness Anti-Slip Pile Based on Slope Anti-Slip Stability Enhancement

Aiming at the problem of insufficient slope stability in deep foundation pit engineering, this paper takes the integrated urban and rural water supply project in Lingao County as the research object, simulates and analyzes the landslide process of the slope by using the strength discount method, and explores the mechanical response characteristics of the anti-slip piles in depth. It is found that the traditional anti-slip pile is prone to early failure due to bending and tensile damage in the middle of the pile back, which leads to the decline of slope stability. For this reason, this paper designs and studies the high-toughness anti-slip pile material and carries out numerical simulation analyses on C30 concrete anti-slip piles and high-toughness concrete anti-slip piles, respectively, for 9 working conditions, for a total of 18 working conditions. The results show that the bending and tensile toughness and strength of the anti-slip piles are significantly improved by using high-toughness material, which effectively avoids bending and tensile damage, and the slope safety coefficient is increased by 32.10%. Furthermore, the optimized design of anti-slip piles in terms of material, pile length, and pile position can effectively improve the stability of slopes and prolong the service life of the anti-slip piles, which provides a new way of thinking and methodology for the safety design of the deep foundation pit project. Thus, this study has important theoretical significance and engineering application value.

Determination of Factors Affecting Wage Differentiation in EU Countries

This study aims to identify the determinants of wage differentiation in European Union (EU) countries using panel data analysis. The literature review provides an overview of previous studies on wage differentiation, the current situation of wage differentiation in the EU, and the potential determinants and consequences of wage differentiation. The analysis shows that many potential variables influence wages and that direct modeling is problematic. However, the application of factor analysis led to the identification of significant factors, namely the economic strength of a country, the level of digitalization and working conditions, investment, and the unemployment rate. These findings are consistent with the existing literature. The robustness analysis of the results is provided. The conclusion offers recommendations for increasing wages based on the research results.

Watch your eyes: Workplace ocular hazards presenting at a tertiary eye care centre in south India

: Eye injuries can majorly affect individuals by reducing quality of life. In this study we report the prevalence of ocular trauma and the proportion of vision loss due to trauma presenting in tertiary care center.To evaluate the prevalence of occupational ocular injuries and the degree of visual loss in patients attending a tertiary eye care hospital in South India.The study was a retrospective observational study, which included patient’s aged 16 years and older attending Outpatient department of a tertiary eye care hospital following ocular trauma at workplace. The study took place across a six-month duration. A detailed demographic profile and history of the patient was documented. Patient underwent comprehensive ocular examination and further orbital imaging if necessary. The ocular injuries were classified using the Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology System.This study included 210 patients, with a mean age group of 21-30 years. Men had a more than five-times higher rate of eye injury at work than women; with the most common mode of injury being metallic foreign body (75%). The predominant ocular injuries were categorized as closed globe injuries with 83 % incidence. 67% of the patients needed surgical intervention.Most work-related eye injuries often result from inadequate eye protection, with the majority of affected patients being young men, which highlights the importance of implementing preventive measures early in their careers. This study underscores the need of awareness and prevention programs for eye protection at workplace.

Multimethod Analysis of Heavy Metal Pollution and Source Apportionment in a Southeastern Chinese Region

Excessive levels of heavy metals in soil can significantly impact human health and ecological safety. Evaluating heavy metal pollution and identifying its sources are crucial for environmental management. This study investigates the status of heavy metal pollution in a southeastern region of China and aims to identify its sources using data from the first national soil pollution survey, which includes 282 sampling points. Indicators such as the geoaccumulation index (Igeo), the potential ecological risk index (RI), the hazard index (HI), and the total lifetime cancer risk (TLCR) were utilized to assess contamination levels. Geographic information systems (GIS), positive matrix factorization (PMF) receptor modeling, cluster analysis (ClusA) and human health risk assessments were integrated to analyze the sources of heavy metals. The results indicate that agricultural pollution sources have a minor impact on overall heavy metal contamination, with low ecological risk levels in the eastern and western regions. In contrast, the central region exhibited moderate risk, with areas of extremely high risk distributed across the central-west and central-south regions. PMF analysis identified pollution sources including natural origins, coal combustion, industrial emissions, and traffic, with contributions of 17.62%, 18.50%, 28.35%, and 35.56%, respectively. Overall, the carcinogenic risk in the study area is not high. Targeted recommendations were made in response to the pollution situation in the study area. This research enhances our understanding of heavy metal pollution in the soil of the study area and provides a reference for pollution source delineation in other regions.

Machine Learning Supporting Virtual Reality and Brain–Computer Interface to Assess Work–Life Balance Conditions for Employees

The widespread adoption of the Industry 5.0 paradigm puts people and their applications at the center of attention and, with the increasing automation and robotization of work, the need for workers to acquire new, more advanced skills increases. The development of artificial intelligence (AI) means that expectations for workers are further raised. This leads to the need for multiple career changes from life and throughout life. Belonging to a previous generation of workers makes this retraining even more difficult. The authors propose the use of machine learning (ML), virtual reality (VR) and brain–computer interface (BCI) to assess the conditions of work–life balance for employees. They use machine learning for prediction, identifying users based on their subjective experience of work–life balance. This tool supports intelligent systems in optimizing comfort and quality of work. The potential effects could lead to the development of commercial industrial systems that could prevent work–life imbalance in smart factories for Industry 5.0, bringing direct economic benefits and, as a preventive medicine system, indirectly improving access to healthcare for those most in need, while improving quality of life. The novelty is the use of a hybrid solution combining traditional tests with automated tests using VR and BCI. This is a significant contribution to the health-promoting technologies of Industry 5.0.

Discrimination of older peers is associated with workplace age discrimination: moderation by occupational health literacy

BackgroundWorkplace Age Discrimination Experienced (WADE) can be disorientating and detrimental to well-being. Hence, older employees would like to avoid it, but those who experience it may discriminate against their older peers. WADE may be associated with Age Discrimination of Peers (ADP), and this relationship can be moderated by Occupational Health Literacy (OHL).AimThis study aimed to assess the association of WADE with ADP and to ascertain whether this relationship is moderated by OHL.MethodsA cross-sectional design based on a research-reporting checklist was adopted. Measures against confounding and common methods bias were utlised to avoid or minimise bias. The participants were 1025 middle-aged and older employees (average age = 58 years) who were permanent residents of Accra, Ghana. Hierarchical Linear Regression (HLR) analysis was utilised to analyse the data. Curve estimation was among the methods used to assess assumptions governing HLR analysis.ResultsWADE and OHL were positively associated with ADP, but OHL was negatively associated with WADE in the ultimate models incorporating the covariates. WADE was more positively associated with ADP at moderate and higher OHL, which signified positive moderation of the WADE-ADP relationship by OHL.ConclusionOlder employees who experience higher age discrimination at work are more likely to discriminate against peers. OHL can be associated with lower WADE but higher ADP. Qualitative studies are needed to understand why OHL may be related to higher ADP.

An Adaptive Cruise Control Strategy for Intelligent Vehicles Based on Hierarchical Control

To minimize the occurrence of traffic accidents, such as vehicle rear-end collisions, while enhancing vehicle following, stability, economy, and ride comfort, a hierarchical adaptive cruise control strategy for vehicles is proposed. The upper-level controller computes the desired vehicle output acceleration based on model predictive control and switches between speed and spacing control in accordance with driving conditions. The brake/throttle opening switching model, brake control inverse model, and throttle opening inverse model in the lower-level controller of ACC are designed to obtain the desired throttle opening and braking pressure of the vehicle, thereby achieving control of the vehicle. A joint simulation platform was established using PreScan, CarSim and Matlab/Simulink. Finally, simulations for three typical working conditions were conducted in Simulink to verify the performance of the adaptive cruise control strategy. The results indicate that, in both the constant-speed cruise and vehicle-following cruise conditions, the vehicle can rapidly and stably follow the set initial speed and consistently maintain a safe distance from the preceding vehicle. Under the emergency braking condition, the vehicle can promptly respond with deceleration, ensuring driving safety. The proposed control strategy can accurately and safely track the target vehicle in diverse driving conditions and can concurrently fulfill the requirements of economy and comfort during vehicle travel.