Working Women Research Articles

Modern missionary work and Chinese women’s literacy: Amy Moore in China 1930–1949

ABSTRACT This article analyses the early work of the Australian missionary Amy Moore, who worked for the China Inland Mission for twenty years. Moore aimed to develop local Christian women leaders who would contribute to China’s spiritual and moral evolution, under the continuing guidance of the colonialism of the European powers. Moore was critical of much of the colonial interventions of Britain and others, but she did not consider that China had yet reached a state of spiritual and cultural maturity, particularly in its treatment of women. Her plan was to improve adult women’s literacy, combining her evangelical passion with influences from international movements for women’s emancipation, and campaigns to improve the condition of Chinese women. Moore’s work was also framed by international and progressive changes in the world mission movement in the interwar years. At the same time Moore responded to modernising changes within contemporary China. Improvements in health, education, and gendered relations for rural women influenced missionary women’s work. Moore shared many life experiences as young woman with Chinese colleagues and friends, yet always the bonds of affection and emotion were cut through by colonial and racial divides.

EMBRACING KHADI: URBAN INDIAN WORKING WOMEN'S AFFINITY FOR WESTERN OFFICE ATTIRE

In urban India number of women’s joining the corporate firms has grown significantly and hence the market for women’s office wear is expanding exponentially. The work wear outfit choices of these women’s matters a lot to them as it reflects their personality and somewhere their position in workplace. With changing lifestyles, women’s preference for western office wear outfits has increased. Also, on the other hand Consumer lifestyle preferences in Urban India shows some awareness and inclination towards sustainable fashion choices. This paper aims to analyse Urban Indian working women acceptance for western office wear outfits made using Khadi fabric which is one of the sustainable textile materials. This paper is an extension to a previous study on understanding consumer behaviour towards sustainable fashion and office wear outfit need and preferences of working women in India. For the research western office wear outfits styles were developed using Khadi Fabric material and were subjected to analysis on seven parameters – Fabric look and feel, Garment Quality, Garment Comfort, Garment Style and fashion, Garment Size and Fit, Garment care and maintenance and Garment Price and value. The primary data for the study has been collected from user’s study conducted over the period of three months with an average of once in a week usage of the garment The goal of primary research is to capture users authentic experiences as a potential consumer - while wearing the garment and after care. The findings suggest that the acceptance by users and potential target consumer was significantly related to the seven analysis parameters. This research recommends Sustainable Fashion brands, Women’s western office wear brands, Khadi weavers and designers to adapt and diversify Khadi in such a way which can deliver higher level of customer value and satisfaction Also the research can be useful for customers to adopt Khadi and for other stakeholders to popularize it.

Brokerage performance drivers amongst married working women in an emerging real estate market

PurposeA perusal of extant literature suggests asymmetric devotions in empirical research that overlooks unique social and industrial dynamics of married working women in highly competitive male-dominated industries. Drawing on the social role theory, the study addressed this asymmetry by proposing a multivariate regression model that examined performance drivers of married female real estate brokers, as mediated by organizational, cognitive and social influences.Design/methodology/approachThe study employed a descriptive design. A structured electronic questionnaire was used to collect data from a sample of 256 married female brokers who are active on online messaging platforms. Snowball sampling was used to reach the research participants. Collected data were subjected to multivariate regression analysis.FindingsThe results infer that social influences were the most significant drivers of married female brokers in the real estate industry (r = 0.932, p < 0.05, F = 556.581). Significant interventions of diversity management, work-life balance, family support and access to economic opportunities were found.Practical implicationsIn acknowledging the societal stereotype and culturally imposed burdens married women face in emerging economies, the study advanced theoretical, practical and policy initiatives for a more inclusive, supportive and learning-oriented work environment.Originality/valueThe novelty of the paper lies in its exposition of the unregulated real estate brokerage market in an emerging economy and the dynamic organizational, cognitive and societal influences of married female brokers.

The Association between the Severity of Dysmenorrhea and Psychological Distress of Women Working in Central Tokyo-A Preliminary Study.

This study aims to clarify the association between the severity of dysmenorrhea and psychological distress among working women in central Tokyo and examine the effect modification of job stressors. The participants in this cross-sectional study were 312 women who had undergone health check-ups in the "Marunouchi Hokenshitsu" project. The severity of dysmenorrhea was defined as the degree of daily life disturbance with menstrual pain, and the outcome variable was the K6 scores. To assess the association of psychological distress with the severity of dysmenorrhea, multiple regression analyses were performed. The results revealed that 18.3% of the 289 working women were in the moderate/severe group of dysmenorrhea. In multiple regression analysis, moderate/severe dysmenorrhea was significantly associated with higher levels of psychological distress, but the significance disappeared after adjusting for gynecology such as premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and workplace-related factors. The degree of job control was significantly associated with lower levels of psychological distress and may modify psychological distress caused by dysmenorrhea. Moderate/severe dysmenorrhea may be associated with higher levels of psychological distress in working women, and psychological symptoms of PMS) and the degree of job control were possible effect factors, and there may be effect modification by the degree of job control.

Work-Family Conflict and its Relationship with Emotional Well-Being of Working Women in Police

Work-family conflict in Pakistan is one of the leading issues that affect working women’s mental health. This study aimed to identify a relationship between work-family conflict and the emotional well-being of policewomen. The study was carried out using quantitative method with survey design. Working women (4268) in the Punjab police made up the total population of the study. Lahore and Sargodha divisions were selected as clusters, from which a sample of 330 policewomen was drawn. A self-constructed questionnaire was used, which was built on a 5-point Likert scale. The questionnaire was validated through content and face validity. The tool was pilot tested on 20 policewomen, and reliability was ensured with the help of Cronbach’s ?. The data were analyzed with the help of descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS. The correlation was identified via Pearson’s correlation, which found a significant positive correlation between work-family conflict and emotional well-being (r = .65, p &lt; .05). Married policewomen were more likely to face work-family conflict (M = 39.80, SD = 6.68) than unmarried policewomen (M = 34.51, SD = 7.51). Work-family conflict affected the emotional well-being of married policewomen more (M = 52.75, SD = 10.36) than unmarried policewomen (M = 45.42, SD = 10.01). The overall study concluded that there was a significant relationship between work-family conflict and the emotional well-being of working women in the police force; married policewomen faced greater work-family conflict compared to unmarried policewomen; and work-family conflict affected the emotional well-being of married policewomen more than unmarried policewomen.

Margaret Atwood as a Feminist

Abstract: Margaret Atwood was born in 1939 in Ottawa, Ontario. When she was seven years old, her family moved to Toronto. Her father, an entomologist and professor of zoology, studied tree-dwelling insects. Atwood's passion for Canada's wilderness is present in most of her writings. Atwood is famous for the outspoken feminism in her books. From her first novel, The Edible Woman, to the dark masterpiece, The Handmaid's Tale (1985), which cemented her international reputation, Atwood demonstrated deeply concerned with the constraints society places on women and the facades they adopt in response. . The Handmaid's Tale, which Atwood refuses to call "science fiction", depicts a society in which women are stripped of all rights except those to marry, run a household, and reproduce. After The Handmaid's Tale made Atwood an international celebrity, she wrote a series of novels dealing with relationships between women, including Cat's Eye (1988) and The Robber Bride (1993). In 1992, she published Good Bones, short, witty articles about women's body parts and the limitations that have been placed on them throughout history. Atwood explores the historical role of women in other works including her famous poetry collections, the Journals of Susanna Moodie (1970) and her novel Alias Grace (1996). Both recreate the lives of famous feminism women in Canadian history.

Role of women in today’s society and the inequality in genders

The main method used was a survey which around 350 working women from multiple countries including Pakistan, Turkey, and Lebanon responded to, regarding different aspects of their professional ideologies and observations. Extensive secondary research was employed to explore the issues of role of women in society, sexual harassment faced by women in their homes and workplaces, and the magnitude of gender inequality in developing versus developed countries. The main findings concluded that gender inequality is a long-standing hurdle in the path of women. It exists at all levels in the society and is not limited to a single culture or country. The gender inequality is not the only barrier faced by women in their journeys; however, it may pave way for other obstacles like sexual harassment. The measures presently taken to combat the negative impacts of gender inequality on women are inadequate and require more thought and better implementation for them to prove fruitful in eradicating the issue.

Juggle Between Work, Home, and Stress; A Qualitative Analysis Using Nvivo-12 on Working Women During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Background: India and other parts of the world have witnessed a health emergency due to COVID-19 that immensely affected the globe. These infectious diseases changed the lives of people, and the condition of working women worsened due to the responsibility of work, home, children, family, house, etc. altogether simultaneously. In a patriarchal society like India, where women are considered as ‘nurturing sex’ where domestic chores and care giving responsibilities are shouldered on women, the juggle between work and home elevated the work demand and heightened the level of stress. Based on the background discussed above, this research is an attempt to address the condition of working women the juggling between work and home elevated stress, work pressure amid COVID-19 Introduction: The world has been struggling with the greatest health crisis for the last two and a half years, affecting everyone’s life, especially working women. The condition of working women has worsened by bearing the heap of responsibilities of work, home, children, family, house, etc., which undoubtedly results in stress, frustration, and anger affecting women’s physical and mental health. This paper is to study the condition of working women who are juggling between work and home amid this COVID-19 pandemic. Method: For conducting the comprehensive study, a questionnaire was designed, which consisted of 14 questions excluding the demographic information, namely Name, Age, Gender, Profession, Experience, etc. Questionnaires were floated to 60 working women under different job profiles. Convenience Sampling was used to collect the data. Out of a sample of 60, 50 women recorded their responses via Google Sheets, and 38 questionnaires were finally used for analysis. The authors have utilized qualitative data analysis techniques to address the issue with the help of computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software NVIVO. For analyzing the qualitative data, NVIVO 12 was used by applying three tools Word Cloud Analysis, thematic analysis, and sentiments analysis. Result: The findings of the study show that working women are facing continuous challenges and are under stress due to multiple roles, responsibilities, and work demands since the onset of COVID-19. It is supported by Word Cloud Analysis, thematic analysis, and sentiment analysis. Conclusion: The outbreak of this COVID-19 pandemic, and its exceptional impact on lives, has generated an array of challenges in everyone’s life, but it shattered the lives of working women. The objective of this research is to unearth the stress in working women’s life amid COVID-19 due to the juggling between personal and professional life simultaneously. Results show that amid COVID-19, working women are under stress due to familial responsibility, household chores, work demands, caregiving, etc., all simultaneously without any breather. This societal stereotype lays high pressure and exceptions on working women leading to stress affecting the personal well-being and health of the woman

Digital Financial Literacy among Working Women in Kerala:a Study with Special Reference to Malappuram District

In today's digital era, financial literacy plays a crucial role in empowering individuals to make informed decisions regarding their finances. With an increasing number of women joining the workforce and the growing importance of digital financial services, it is essential to understand the level of digital financial literacy among working women in Kerala. This study focuses on digital financial literacy among working women in Kerala, with a special reference to the Malappuram district. The study used descriptive research design and the primary data collected from 130 working women in Kerala. The researcher identified that the four factors such as Financial Inclusion, Awareness, Access to Technology, Peer Influence are the factors affecting the digital financial literacy. The result also identified that the digital financial literacy explains approximately 65.6% of the variation in the investment behaviour among working women in Kerala.

Depressions, Anxiety, Stresses and Sleep Quality among Working Women

In the modern time, females have broken all boundaries and have taken on the roles of a leader, provider, protector and creator. However, over time, the burden of&#x0D; responsibilities has had a strong impact on their mental health and physical health. Thus, this study used a descriptive correlational design with the sample of sixty working women to assess the impact of depression, anxiety, and stress on the quality of sleep among the working women. The research concludes that, working women need to take immediate steps to improve their quality of sleep and focus on improving their mental health.

An Exploration of the Social Support of Women in Sex Work in Cúcuta, Colombia

Social support for women in sex work is essential for their overall health and well-being. In the city of Cúcuta, Colombia, both domestic Colombian and migrant Venezuelan women utilize the sex industry to obtain an income. However, with limited resources in this area and little prior research about the current supports, this study explores the social support accessed and received, the social support desired, and identifies the formal social support available to women in sex work in Cúcuta, Colombia. To conduct this research, 28 interviews were conducted: 10 with Colombian women in sex work, 12 with Venezuelan women in sex work, and 6 with professionals representing various social service organizations. Findings indicated that most of the women relied on informal support, yet many women also expressed a desire for formal social support services, specifically related to health care, food, and housing assistance. Nonetheless, gaps persist in the availability of desired formal services This research demonstrates the importance of service providers working with women in sex work directly to understand their lived experiences, while also demonstrating self-determination and empowerment. Further research is needed to measure the implementation efficacy of formal services and the barriers to access for women in sex work.

Peeking under the Hood of Job Stress: How Men and Women's Stress Levels Vary by Typologies of Job Quality and Family Composition.

Changes to work and family norms and polices over the last several decades have reshaped both the job quality and the nature of job and family formation in the United States. Neoliberal policies have generated a slew of flexible but precarious working conditions; labor force participation is now the modal path for all genders regardless of parental or marital status. Leveraging data on 3,419 working men and women from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, I use granular measures of job quality to identify distinct job quality-family typologies among both men and women in early adulthood to midadulthood to examine differential implications for psychological and physiological stress. I find four types among men and three among women. Family formation and job prestige appear to differentiate stressful from nonstressful jobs for men; stress outcomes for women are more complex, with job characteristics such as flexibility playing a greater role.

Improvement of Children's Education through Acehnese Coastal Women's Work Ethic in Family Economic Stability

This research aims to observe the roles women in coastal Aceh play in bolstering family income and their own efforts to support children's education. This research was conducted in the field using a qualitative descriptive methodology. This research set out to learn how hard women in Keude Unga, Cebrek, and Gampong Meunasah Tuha work to improve their households' financial situations and reduce poverty in their communities. Participant observation, in-depth interviews with targeted informants, and document analysis were the three phases of the data collection procedure. The study's findings show that women from Aceh have a robust work ethic when it comes to supporting children's education. There is a multitude of activities within the public realm that serve as evidence of this strong commitment to labour. The contemporary understanding of work ethic necessitates an examination of the historical presence and circumstances of women. The manifestation of women's work ethic may be observed in the coastal communities of Keude Unga, Meunasah Tuha, and Cebrek, where the entire population faces the arduous task of improving their socioeconomic status and providing for their families.

‘We don’t get money in our own hands’: evidence from focus group discussions on economic abuse against women in two states of India

IntroductionViolence against women is a serious human rights violation. While much attention has been given to the prevalence and prevention of physical, sexual and emotional violence, one crucial dimension is...

Working Women and Their Perspectives on Financial Literacy and Financial Well-Being

The aim of this study is to highlight the state of financial literacy among working women in government. Previous research has found that due to the traditional role that women play, they have a significant knowledge gap in financial literacy. Women nowadays spend more time at home caring for their families and children compared to previous generations, have fewer opportunities to be involved in the world of work, and rarely have the opportunity to discuss financial decisions with family or friends. Regardless of the fact that women are entitled to education and employment opportunities, studies show that their financial literacy remains low. The financial well-being theory and the OECD framework were used as the main theoretical frameworks in this research. The preliminary data for the study came from 5 working women from various ministries in Putrajaya. In-depth interviews with semi-structured questions were employed to collect data, which was then interpreted using thematic analysis. The outcomes of this research revealed six themes related to the women's experiences with financial literacy that leads to their financial well-being: financial independence, knowledge of financial products, high-risk investment commitment, freedom from financial commitment, financial goals, and ability to seek information and save money. This study put forward two strategies to increase financial literacy, including incorporating financial education as a core component of early-age curriculum and expanding promotional campaigns and social media awareness. This study provides insight, particularly for the government, through how to improve more financial educational opportunities for women in order to reduce gender disparities in Malaysia.

A Study on Work Life Balance among Working Women with Special Reference to Coimbatore District

Work-life balance is an important part of any company's employees, as emphasis is placed on the balance between personal and professional life. Based on work-life balance, working women can organize their personal and work lives more efficiently and effectively. This research is based on work-life balance, which is essential to combating stress and ensuring both individual and organizational success. Work-life balance is about making time each day for family, friends, community involvement, holiness, personal growth, self-care, and other personal activities in addition to the challenges of the workplace. This study employed a descriptive research design and purposive sampling technique. A sample size of 60 people was collected using a questionnaire. The survey concludes that (57%) of respondents have a moderate work-life balance. 18% of those surveyed have a poor work-life balance. 25% of those surveyed had a good work-life balance

Women's happiness levels based on labour force status in Türkiye: A pseudo‐panel perspective

AbstractThis article examines the impact of mainly being in different labour force statuses on women's happiness levels in Türkiye. Other predictors include educational level, household income and what makes one the happiest. Ordered logistic regression models are used by implementing a pseudo‐panel approach. Findings demonstrate that unemployed women are less likely to be happier relative to women in paid work. There is a statistically significant higher likelihood for housewives to report being happier compared to employed women throughout the years for the same cohort, which could be associated with the (socially structured) fulfilment brought about by the conformity to traditional gender roles in a context where these norms are widely adopted, and concurrently the circumstances diminishing working women's happiness at home and in the job market. The probability to report being very happy is the highest for highly educated housewives who have a high level of household income, yet it decreases over time for the cohort observed. Findings refer to the importance of enhancing the well‐being of women in paid work via supporting equal domestic division of labour patterns and improving their conditions in the labour market.

Workplace breastfeeding support for working women: A scale development study

ObjectiveIn this study, authors aimed to develop a scale to evaluate workplace breastfeeding support. MethodsThe study was carried out with 490 working women who applied to the women's and children's outpatient clinics of a hospital in Turkey. The study data were collected by using a 'Personal Information Form' and the 'Workplace Breastfeeding Support for Working Women Draft Scale'. The data were analyzed on SPSS 25 and AMOS 21 software packages. In the development process of the scale; Content validity, exploratory factor analysis, item-total score correlation methods and Cronbach's Alpha coefficient were used. ResultsThe content validity index of the scale was 0.90, and the Cronbach's alpha value was 0.93. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin value of the scale was 0.91, Bartlett test values were χ2 = 11,573.924 and p < 0.000. According to the results of the exploratory factor analysis for the construct validity of the scale, the scale consisted of 31 items and 6 factors. ConclusionsThe developed scale can be used to evaluate workplace breastfeeding support for working women as a valid and reliable measurement tool.

Revitalizing Women`s Success: The Power of Leadership, Training, and Innovation for Entrepreneurs in Indonesia

This research was motivated by data from the Indonesian Entrepreneurs Association (IWAPI), which revealed a significant majority of small and medium-sized entrepreneurs (98%) among its 30,000 members. Previous studies on women entrepreneurs' performance had limitations regarding variables and sectors considered. Therefore, this study analyzed various factors and sectors that impacted women entrepreneurs in the Jabodetabek (Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, Bekasi) region. This study is quantitative research on 246 respondents and was analyzed by SmartPLS Software. The study found that while leadership had some influence on innovative work behavior and women entrepreneurs' performance, the significance was limited. Additionally, training and development significantly impacted both innovative work behavior and women entrepreneurs' performance, with the latter being mediated by the former. Ultimately, innovative work behavior significantly influenced women entrepreneurs' performance. Keywords: Entrepreneurs, Women Entrepreneurs, Leadership, Training and Development, Innovative Work Behavior.

Empathy and resilience in health care professionals

Empathy and resilience have an indirect effect on raising the level of the quality of care, as empathy is the basis for good interactions between medical workers and patients, and resilience, as a dynamic process, helps caregivers adapt well to difficult working conditions, risks or traumas experienced. The development of empathy and resilience of these medical workers is possible by a training method already employed among medical students in order to both improve the quality of care, but also to more effectively prevent professional burnout. The purpose of the study was to determine the level of empathy and the level of resilience, their possible correlations with each other, as well as the relationship of these variables with socio-demographic variables.The study was carried out in 2021 among 31 doctors and 45 nurses using two main tools - the Emotional-Cognitive Empathy Questionnaire (EEP)by Ewa Wilczek-Rużyczka and the Resilience Measurement Scale(SPP-25) by Nina Oginska-Bulik and Zygfryd Juczynski, as well as a socio-demographic questionnaire.The most valuable results of the study turned out to be the demonstration of statistically significant concordant associations of empathy level with resilience level both in general, and their individual factors as statistically significant intercorrelations. In addition, statistically significant differences were shown in the case of cognitive empathy - higher levels of empathy were found among people with longer work experience and women when compared to men. In the case of the level of other components of empathy, as well as resilience, differences so as to be statistically significant could not be confirmed.It is recommended that empathy and resilience training sessions be implemented for health care workers, and that the study be continued with larger research groups, with additional control groups, to refine the programs of these training sessions.