Use Of Working Time Research Articles

Produktifitas Penggunaan Waktu Kerja Perawat di Instalasi Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Ahmad Yani Pekanbaru

Performance has an important position in management and organization. One dimension in the performance benchmark is the use of time in work. The work time of the nurse is the pattern of working time utilization for the nursing activity in accordance with the main task and its function in accordance with the job description that is 80 percent. The purpose of this study is to describe the productivity of the nurses working time in the hospital. The method in this reseach is qualitative approach which conducted by observation participation to create a description of the working time usage. Data collection techniques use observation sheets and interview guides and document tracking. In this research, there are 6 informants namely Head of Nursing, Nursing Coordinator and 4 nurses. Data analysis using triangulation. Result, The forms of nurse activity consist of: productive nursing (direct and indirect), personal and non-productive activities. Show that the use of productive work time of nurse is 42,4 percent (that is direct activity 19,6 percent and indirect nursing activity 22,8 percent) and non productive 57,6 percent. Conclusion the productivity of nurse work time is not optimal and more dominated by non productive activities such as: talking outside the main task, watching TV, using gadgets or outdoors for other activities. 
 Keyword: Hospital, Nurse, Productivity, Working time

Working Community-Related Interaction Factors Building Occupational Well-Being – Learning Based Intervention in Finnish and Estonian Schools (2010–2013)

This article examines whether a three-year learning-based work community intervention resulted in changes in working community-related interaction factors and occupational well-being among Finnish and Estonian school staff. It reports the types of changes in working community-related interaction factors and their associations to the subjective occupational well-being and general occupational well-being of the working community. The initial quantitative survey data were collected in Finland (n = 486) and Estonia (n = 1330) in 2010 using the “Well-being at your work index questionnaire.” The same measurement tool was used in 2013 to collect final survey data from school staff members in Finland (n = 545) and Estonia (n = 974). The data were analyzed statistically with percent, mean, SD, Mann-Whitney test, sum variables, one-way analysis of variance and Spearman’s correlation. Changes were detected in factors related to working community interaction; in particular, statistically significant changes in work management and time use were detected in Finnish schools. Working atmosphere and appreciation of others’ work, cooperation and information, and work management and time use were associated to both the subjective occupational well-being and general occupational well-being of the working community. Schools should plan and implement development activities to promote the subjective occupational well-being and general working community occupational well-being. Development work should focus on working community-related interaction, such as trust between workers. Principals should draw particular attention to principal–subordinate relationships and to providing information about changes.

МЕТОДИКА ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ АВТОБРОНЕТАНКОВОЇ ТЕХНІКИ ПІДРОЗДІЛАМИ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ГВАРДІЇ УКРАЇНИ ДЛЯ ОХОРОНИ ГРОМАДСЬКОГО ПОРЯДКУ В МИРНИЙ ЧАС

The article substantiates the relevance of the determination of the efficiency of the use of auto-armored vehicles by units of the National Guard of Ukraine during the protection of public order in peacetime. For the successful solution of military and combat tasks, it is necessary to maximize the use of road transport capabilities and evaluate the effectiveness of military automotive equipment. In the next time, for such an account and evaluation of the work, the technical state of the automotive technology are apply special indicators of the work of motor transport, which are the numerical expression of the meters or their relation, are the coefficient of technical readiness; coefficient of use of the vehicle fleet; coefficient of use of working time; coefficient of running mileage; coefficient of use of load-carrying capacity; speed of movement; the average daily mileage and productivity of cars do not allow an overall assessment of the level of effectiveness of the use of military vehicles during patrolling. Therefore, there was a need to obtain a generalized coefficient of effectiveness of patrolling during the protection of public order in peacetime. Proposed as an indicator of the efficiency of the use of military automotive equipment, during the protection of public order in peacetime, use a comprehensive indicator it’s a generalized coefficient of effectiveness of patrolling, and determine the direction of increasing the efficiency of the use of auto-armored vehicles.

Mobility-Related Economic Exclusion: Accessibility and Commuting Patterns in Industrial Zones in Turkey

Geographers have long examined the assumption that women are locally constricted and what this means for women taking up of economic opportunities. These studies have provided valuable insights into the understanding of the spatial dimension of social exclusion. However, the investigation of the role of wider economic, physical and social contexts on women’s mobility and accessibility constraints has mainly concerned the countries in North America and Western Europe. Through a mixed methods study of two industrial zones in Turkey, this article looks at how women and men from different social backgrounds access the zones with the aim of identifying the specific constraints that women face in their everyday life in accessing economic opportunities. The results show that while gender seems to play a role in the choice of place of residence and the employers’ perception of time use, women’s socioeconomic and educational backgrounds seem to be more important predictors of their commuting patterns and access to the zones. The study confirms that gendered daily travel patterns are a useful unit of analysis for investigating unequal access to economic opportunities. It further argues that the complex nature of everyday mobilities of women should be interpreted in conjunction with the perceptions of employers on women’s work spaces and time use.

Well-being and time use in expert work

Well-being and time use in expert work

Initial Clinical Experience with a Modulated Holmium Laser Pulse-Moses Technology: Does It Enhance Laser Lithotripsy Efficacy?

ObjectiveThe Lumenis® High-power Holmium Laser (120H) has a unique modulated pulse mode, Moses™ technology. Moses technology modulates the laser pulse to separate the water (vapor bubble), then deliver the remaining energy through the bubble. Proprietary laser fibers were designed for the Moses technology. Our aim was to compare stone lithotripsy with and without the Moses technology.MethodsWe designed a questionnaire for the urologist to fill immediately after each ureteroscopy in which the Lumenis 120H was used. We compared procedures with (n=23) and without (n=11) the use of Moses technology. Surgeons ranked the Moses technology in 23 procedures, in comparison to regular lithotripsy (worse, equivalent, better, much better). Laser working time and energy use were collected from the Lumenis 120H log.ResultsDuring 4 months, five urologists used the Lumenis 120H in 34 ureteroscopy procedures (19 kidney stones, 15 ureteral stones; 22 procedures with a flexible ureteroscope, and 12 with a semi-rigid ureteroscope). Three urologists ranked Moses technology as much better or better in 17 procedures. In 2 cases, it was ranked equivalent, and in 4 cases ranking was not done. Overall, laser lithotripsy with Moses technology utilized laser energy in less time to achieve a satisfying stone fragmentation rate of 95.8 mm3/min versus 58.1 mm3/min, P=0.19. However, this did not reach statistical significance.ConclusionThe new Moses laser technology demonstrated good stone fragmentation capabilities when used in everyday clinical practice.

Increasing value-adding patient care by applying a modified TCAB program

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to evaluate a development process aimed at increasing registered nurses’ (RNs) working time use in value-adding patient care by applying a modified Transforming Care at the Bedside (TCAB) program at inpatient units of two tertiary hospitals.Design/methodology/approachBasic data for the development process were collected on RNs’ working time use via external observation in 2011 (RNs = 113). Nursing work was redesigned and implemented by 12 multi-professional teams during 2012-2013. The development process was evaluated by repeating the collection of RNs’ working time use data in 2013 (RNs = 95) and by analyzing the memos of the development teams via deductive content analysis (N = 64).FindingsRNs’ working time use showed statistically significant increases in value-adding care and direct patient care but decreases in non-value-added work and miscellaneous work. Changes in the nursing work model, division of labor and the nursing work environment all affected RNs’ working time use.Practical implicationsThe development process progressed distinctively in each unit, as shown by the results of the development work. Clinical RNs had key roles as innovators and change agents, yet the engagement of nursing managers was most essential for the success of the development work.Originality/valueEven minor changes in nurses’ daily work profile can have considerable effects on RNs’ work. The TCAB program was shown to be a useful method in developing RNs’ work also in psychiatric units.

Allocation of Time and Household-Level Consumption Equivalent Welfare: A Case of South Korea

Using “2014 Time Usage and Quality of Life” of 17th KLIPS (Korean Labor and Income Panel Study), the first and most detailed time use survey of its kind in South Korea, we first document the patterns of time use in market work, nonmarket work (household work), child care, and a variety of definitions in leisure. We find that, while men work longer hours, men’s additional market work is well compensated by more leisure and less hours in nonmarket work and child care. We also find within-household unequal distribution of time use in nonmarket work, child care, and leisure in favour of men. Consistent with the cases of US and other advanced economies, high-income earners tend to enjoy less hours of leisure while they spend more money in leisure activities. Secondly, we calculate the household-level consumption equivalent measure that considers consumption, leisure, life expectancy, and uncertainty. We find that taking into account non-separable preference over leisure and consumption and quality of leisure is important and household-level welfare measures based solely on income or consumption are both incomplete and misleading.

Оптимизация тайм-менеджмента при организации труда персонала на венгерских предприятиях

The article reveals the problematic issues of effective use of working time. In the face of increased competition, companies of different levels and areas of activity, due to insufficiently skilled work organization, lose their working time, which adversely affects labor productivity, the total volume of production of goods and services. In a crisis, this leads to a reduction in production and jobs. Time optimization will allow increasing individual labor productivity, which in the long run will contribute to increasing the company‘s competitiveness. Small and medium-sized businesses do not have great development opportunities, so they should focus on the effective use of all available resources, especially time. In the interest of optimizing time management in the organization of staff work, research was conducted in ten Hungarian small and medium-sized enterprises. During the research, methods of information collection were used: methods of photographing (recording) the working day of Felleg, Susanski, as well as content analysis and analysis of the data. As a result of the research, it was revealed that only 59 percent of the time in the course of a working day is used to perform basic labor functions. At the same time, direct losses of time were 10 percent, indirect 6 percent. As ways to solve the problem, it is suggested to reduce the time losses by 13-15 percent due to the introduction of multi-level time management. It is advisable to solve this problem with a personnel reserve.

‘We’re all going to die’: Perceptions and experiences of time among creative practitioners

This paper surveys briefly a range of modern ideas on the creative process and some possible approaches to understanding time, from scientific to philosophical, experiential and managerial. This paper argues that the relationship between time and productivity remains obscure, that the creative person’s commitment to an excessive and unpredictable use of time challenges administrations to adjust their expectations and re-value the use of work time, and finally that newly conceived levels of trust need to be foregrounded between an organisation and its most creative employees.

Improving the quality of registered nurses' working time use data.

To examine the advantages and disadvantages of external observation and self-reporting methods in investigating registered nurses' working time use in order to improve the quality of working time use data. External observation and self-reporting methods are the most widely used approaches for studying nurses' working time use in observational work sampling studies, but there is scarce information of the data collection procedures and results in the same research context and in the same study. A cross-sectional quantitative study with a structured data collection instrument developed for this study. The same instrument was used in both data collections. Data were collected from six inpatient units at two Finnish tertiary hospitals in autumn 2013 over two consecutive weeks. All registered nurses (n=95) from two internal medical units, two surgical units and two psychiatric units participated in this study. Statistically significantly divergent information was produced by the two data collection methods in the major nursing categories of value-adding care and non-value-adding work as well as in each of the seven nursing subcategories. External observation and self-reporting gave an overall picture of how registered nurses are using their working time, and both methods were useful in examining registered nurses' working time use when taking into account the advantages and disadvantages of these methods. The deviations between the results improved the quality of data because both methods address recognised shortcomings of the other. This research promotes awareness of the divergent study results by investigating registered nurses' working time use with these two different data collection methods. In future, it would be wise to aim for more comparable data by applying external observation and self-reporting techniques simultaneously.

Exploring some biases in the ethical judgement of Managers: An empirical Study

One of the main and most challenging tasks of managers is to judge their own actions and, even more, the actions of others. There are different biases that might affect the accuracy of their ethical judgment. Two of the most common biases studied are the group affiliation bias and the want/should conflict. In the present study, by empirical means, we analyzed these biases in the ethical judgment of managers. Examining answers of 153 effective respondents, we found significant differences in some of the four categories of ethical decision making studied, especially in the use of working time, money management and the use of corporate assets. We also explored some demographic characteristics of the managers, finding gender and level of study as the most relevant ones which play an important role on how they assess their own past and future behavior and the behavior of others. Although, we obtained somehow mixed results, they show that there seems to be a tendency within managers, to judge harder moral behavior of others compared to the judgment of their own ethical behavior. Furthermore, managers judge others, contrary to expected, harder if they know them than if they do not.

Эффективное использование рабочего времени

This article is devoted to the interesting and always relevant topic – the effective use of working time. It is describing in details what working time is, the primary causes of loss of time have been examined and basic rules of successful organization of working time have been analyzed.

Ethiopia's health extension workers use of work time on duty: time and motion study.

Ethiopia implemented an innovative community-based health program, called the health extension program, to enhance access to basic health promotion, disease prevention and selected curative services by establishing health posts in every village, also called kebeles, with average of 5000 people, staffed with two health extension workers (HEWs). This time and motion study was done to estimate the amount of time that HEWs spend on various work duties and to explore differences in urban compared with rural settings and among regions. A total of 44 HEWs were observed for 21 consecutive days, and time and motion data were collected using tablet computers. On average, HEWs were on duty for 15.5 days out of the 21 days of observation period, and on average, they stayed on duty for about 6 hours per day. Out of the total observed work time, the percentages of total time spent on various activities were as follows: providing health education or services (12.8%); participating in meetings and giving trainings (9.3%); conducting community mapping and mobilization (0.8%); recordkeeping, reporting, managing family folders (13.2%); managing commodities and supplies (1.3%); receiving supervision (3.2%); receiving training (1.6%); travel between work activities (15.5%); waiting for clients in the health post (or health centre in urban settings) (24.9%); building relationships in the community (13.3%); and other activities that could not be meaningfully categorized (4%). The proportion of time spent on different activities and the total time worked varied significantly between rural and urban areas and among the regions (at P < 0.05). Findings of this study indicate that only a minority of HEW time is spent on providing health education and services, and substantial time is spent waiting for clients. The efficiency of the HEW model may be improved by creating more demand for services or by redesigning service delivery modalities.

Working time use and division of labour among nurses and health-care workers in hospitals - a systematic review.

This systematic review aimed to synthesise the existing evidence of working time use and the division of labour among nurses and health-care workers in hospital wards. The environment of nursing work is changing. Health systems are becoming more complex and costly, and highly skilled health-care professionals are transferring to new, more demanding tasks. Changes require a division of labour that is based on the efficient use of working time. Sixteen studies were identified for the final analysis through a systematic search. The use of working time was examined mainly through six categories: direct care, indirect care, documentation, unit-related work, personal time and non-nursing duties. The division of labour was examined from the perspective of different occupational groups. Despite nurses' different educational backgrounds, certain similarities could be observed. All working groups seem to spend less than half of their working time in direct patient care. Nurse managers could influence the increasing nursing workload by supporting the right division of labour and focusing the nurses' working time use so that it benefits the patient.

The gendered division of housework time: Analysis of time use by type and daily frequency of household tasks

Over the past 40 years, there has been a slow trend toward gender equality regarding time use in paid and unpaid work. However, the gendered division of housework remains. This article examines the gender segregation in domestic work in order to contrast the influence of welfare regimes and employment status on the organization of everyday life. The analysis is based on time use variables according to the type and daily frequency of household tasks. First, a descriptive cross-national study of European countries is presented to contextualise how institutional factors are involved in patterns of time use. Second, a specific case in Spain is studied to assess how employment status influences the distribution of housework. The results show that daily maintenance tasks represent a limit for the equal distribution of housework by gender. It is concluded that women's employment is a necessary but not sufficient condition for gender equality.

Occupational Doses from the use of Thoriated Optical Components.

As a compound of high refractive optical glasses, thorium still is present in some professionally used systems-especially in optical equipment with military use. The possible exposure concerns the head and especially the eye lens, whose radiation sensitivity has been reevaluated. The dose rate measurements of the contribution of beta- and gamma-emission by the nuclei of the decay chain of Th are presented for isolated lenses and for the entire optical system, and the dose quantities H'(0.07) and H*(10) are identified. Exposure scenarios for optical technicians and users are evaluated separately. The levels of dose rates for the inspected optical systems are below those requiring radiation protection measures even for extended working time or unintentional use.

ELECTRONIC JOURNAL TO RECORD STUDENTS’ PROGRESS (CADETS, STUDENTS) AS A MEANS OF RATIONALIZATION OF THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS

The article presents the results of a study concerning development and implementation of electronic logbook for recording the students’ progress (cadets, students) in the National Academy of State Border Guard Service of Ukraine named after Bohdan Khmelnytsky as an effective instrument of rationalization of the educational process. A positive result is achieved through more efficient use of working time of scientific and teaching staff, the possibility of early detection of learning problems, predict and compensate for further learning activities of students (cadets, students). Current journal layout has been designed to spreadsheet MS Excel, but subsequently proposed to build electronic journal-based network architecture "client-server". Electronic Journal of students progress is built on the principles of objectivity, impartiality, flexibility, affordability, convenience and security.

Healthy time use in the encore years: do work, resources, relations, and gender matter?

Social engagement is theorized to promote health, with ages 55 to 75-what some call "encore" adulthood-potentially being a time for ongoing engagement or social isolation. We use the American Time Use Survey (N = 11,952) and a life course perspective to examine associations between paid work, resources, relations, and healthy time use for men and women in the first (55-64) and second (65-74) halves of the encore years. Work limits sufficient sleep (full-time working men) and television watching (all workers) but also time spent in physical activity (full-time workers). College-educated and healthy encore adults-across age and gender divides-are more likely to exercise and watch less television. Marriage and caregiving encourage socializing and limit television watching, despite differential effects on physical activity and sleep. These findings fit well with a gendered life course perspective suggesting socially patterned (by work, resources, relationships, gender, age) health behaviors.

Nurses' working time use - how value adding it is?

To investigate registered nurses' (RN) and licensed practical nurses' (LPN) working time use in adult inpatient units. There is only scarce information about value-adding patient care. Nursing care can be divided into three major categories: value-adding care (direct care, indirect care, patient documentation), necessary activities (indirect work, unit-related work) and non-value-adding work (personal time, miscellaneous work). A cross-sectional quantitative work sampling study. Total of 11,029 nursing activities were collected from two Finnish tertiary hospitals using registered nurses' (n = 66) and licensed practical nurses' (n = 12) self-reporting. Nearly three-quarters of nurses' work was value-adding care (71%). The working time division was almost identical for necessary activities and non-value-adding work. Registered nurses spent more time carrying out unit-related work, while licensed practical nurses' spent more time on direct care. Nurses' working time use was divided nearly identically in somatic units but there were differences when compared with psychiatric units. Nurses' work seemed to concentrate on value-adding care. The results of working time use studies can be used when developing nursing work for more value-adding care for the patients.