Work-related Problems Research Articles

Prevalence of risk factors for Non-communicable diseases, work-related health problems and associated factors among male three-wheeler drivers in Gampaha Urban Council area, Sri Lanka

Background and Objective: Driving is associated with various occupational health problems and the nature of the job creates a greater risk for Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among the drivers. We aimed to determine the prevalence of risk factors for NCDs, work-related health problems and its associated factors among three-wheeler drivers in Gampaha Urban Council area, Western Province, Sri Lanka. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 289 randomly selected three-wheeler drivers. A pre-tested, validated interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Descriptive and relevant inferential statistics were used to analyze data by using SPSS v20. Binary logistic regression was used to identify the factors associated with common work-related health problems. Results: Among all participants, 80% were using alcoholic beverages, 35% of them were currently smoking and 39% of them had the habit of betel chewing. The mean body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) of the participants were 25.28 (±4.37) kg/m2 and 92.17 (±11.61) cm respectively. The prevalence of work-related health problems among the participants were low back pain (35%, 95% CI = 29.78--40.80), hypertension (32%, 95% CI = 33.14--44.37), obesity based on BMI (30%, 95%CI = 24.49--35.03). Working experience of ≥10 years (AOR = 2.29, 95% CI = 1.16--4.51), sitting for ≥6 hours/day during driving (AOR = 2.23, 95% CI = 1.03--4.82), not following regular exercise (AOR = 2.54, 95% CI = 1.02--6.37), having snacks ≥ twice/day (AOR = 3.06, 95% CI = 1.52--6.18) and WC ≥90 cm (AOR = 37.00, 95% CI = 11.00--123.99) were the factors associated with obesity. Conclusion: Tobacco and alcohol use, high BMI, inadequate physical activity, and unhealthy eating habits were found as the major risk factors for NCDs among three-wheeler drivers. The prevalence of work-related health problems was relatively high and job characteristics were the major determinant of most health problems.

Efficacy of Ruta 1M in Musculoskeletal Disorders in Female Garment Factory Workers

Background Garment factories are one of the largest manufacturing sector in India. Karnataka is a major apparel sourcing destination for the global market and 80 of the employees in these industries are women. Musculoskeletal morbidity is becoming common among middle aged women particularly among those who had worked for more number of years worked for longer hours and those who were engaged in cutting and sewing. Homeopathic remedy Ruta is one of the best remedies for work related musculoskeletal problems caused due to overexertion. The present clinical study was carried out as an effort to test the clinical efficacy of Ruta 1M in musculoskeletal disorders MSDs of female garment factory workers.Objectives To assess the extent of work-related musculoskeletal health problems experienced by female garment factory workers and to identify the efficacy of Ruta 1M in the treatment of MSDs.Methodology Women working in garment factories from Mallathalli to Sumanahalli were included. Hundred subjects were screened to ensure enrolment of thirty in the trial.Results At the end of the study it was found that Ruta 1M gave best results in improving the complaints of headache and eye strain when compared to that of neck shoulder hand amp wrist pain knee pain and lower back pain.Conclusions The present study concludes that Ruta 1M is more efficacious in the treatment of headache and eye strain than in relieving hand wrist lower back and knee pain though it can be used in hand and wrist pain also. Keywords Female garment factory workers Work-related musculoskeletal health problems Musculoskeletal disorders Ruta 1M

Impact on Quality of Life among Females with Diffuse Hair Loss at a Tertiary Care Centre: A Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: There is an important link between hair and identity, especially for women. Although, hair loss is a benign problem, experience of alopecia or hair loss is psychologically damaging, causing intense emotional suffering and personal, social and work related problems. Aim: To assess the impact of diffuse hair loss on the Quality of Life (QoL) among females with the help of Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). Materials and Methods: This was a hospital based cross- sectional study conducted over a period of one year from February 2019 to February 2020. All female patients more than 18 years with complaints of diffuse hair loss attending the Dermatology Outpatient Department (OPD) of Vinayaka Mission’s Kirupananda Variyar Medical College and Hospital, Tamil Nadu, India, were recruited and QoL was assessed in them using the DLQI scale. For statistical analysis, Analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used to compare quantitative variables, while Fisher’s-exact test was used to analyse qualitative data. Post- hoc ANOVA was used to test the statistical significance within the groups and a p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The study included 100 female patients with diffuse hair loss, out of which most commonly seen was Acute Telogen Effluvium (ATE) in 52 patients followed by Female Pattern Hair Loss (FPHL) in 30 patients and Chronic Telogen Effluvium (CTE) in 18 patients. Majority of the study subjects were in the age group of 18-39 years (64%). The mean age of the study population was 35.36±10.30 years. The mean duration of hair loss was 8.14±8.639 months. Majority (92%) of females had moderate to severe effect on the QoL. The mean DLQI was significantly higher in FPHL (8.77±1.83) and ATE (8.73±1.98) as compared to CTE (p-value=0.014). The mean DLQI was highest (8.70±2.253) in the younger age range of 18-29 years (p-value=0.027) and also in those with duration of hair loss more than one year (9±1.76) (p-value=0.0381). Conclusion: Diffuse hair loss in females has a moderate to severe impact on the QoL as assessed by the DLQI. There is a strong association seen between DLQI and age, duration of disease and type of hair loss.

Risk and protective factors, stressors, and symptoms of adjustment disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic – First results of the ESTSS COVID-19 pan-European ADJUST study

ABSTRACT Background: The COVID-19 pandemic exposes individuals to multiple stressors, such as quarantine, physical distancing, job loss, risk of infection, and loss of loved ones. Such a complex array of stressors potentially lead to symptoms of adjustment disorder. Objective: This cross-sectional exploratory study examined relationships between risk and protective factors, stressors, and symptoms of adjustment disorder during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Data from the first wave of the European Society of Traumatic Stress Studies (ESTSS) longitudinal ADJUST Study were used. N = 15,563 participants aged 18 years and above were recruited in eleven countries (Austria, Croatia, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Italy, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, and Sweden) from June to November 2020. Associations between risk and protective factors (e.g. gender, diagnosis of a mental health disorder), stressors (e.g. fear of infection, restricted face-to-face contact), and symptoms of adjustment disorder (ADNM-8) were examined using multivariate linear regression. Results: The prevalence of self-reported probable adjustment disorder was 18.2%. Risk factors associated with higher levels of symptoms of adjustment disorder were female gender, older age, being at risk for severe COVID-19 illness, poorer general health status, current or previous trauma exposure, a current or previous mental health disorder, and longer exposure to COVID-19 news. Protective factors related to lower levels of symptoms of adjustment disorder were higher income, being retired, and having more face-to-face contact with loved ones or friends. Pandemic-related stressors associated with higher levels of symptoms of adjustment disorder included fear of infection, governmental crisis management, restricted social contact, work-related problems, restricted activity, and difficult housing conditions. Conclusions: We identified stressors, risk, and protective factors that may help identify individuals at higher risk for adjustment disorder.

The Implementation of Digital Ergonomics Modeling to Design a Human-Friendly Working Process in a Postal Branch

In today’s business world, there are two very important health issues that the employees in the service sector are faced with: Spinal disease, especially in the lower back, and carpal tunnel syndrome. These are well-known musculoskeletal disorders. To preserve the health of its employees and prevent professional illnesses, and to thus maximize their efficiency, companies must use knowledge from the field of ergonomics. This study aims to examine the work-related health problems that the workers in transportation companies are faced with. As a case study, a postal company from Serbia is considered, with particular attention paid to the counter clerks. The research was carried out in one branch of the postal operator. All six postal clerks working at the considered branch were subjects of the study. The workers were observed visually by the researchers and recorded while performing their job tasks. Based on the analysis of their movements and body positions, the evaluation of their level of risk exposure was determined using the Ergo Fellow software, specifically with five packages within this program (Rapid Upper Limb Assessment, Rapid Entire Body Assessment, Ovako working posture analysis system, Moore and Garg, and Suzanne Rodgers). As a result of the implemented tools, the analysts are in a position to conclude what should be changed in the work organization.

Relational exploration of the effect of work-related scheme on job satisfaction

Purpose This study is an effort to explore a relationship between benefits of schemes (BoS) on the job satisfaction among handloom weavers. The weavers who are engaged in this work however face lot of challenges in terms of remuneration and working conditions. The government has been immense with various schemes that cater to the work-related problems. This paper aims to understand whether work-related support can be a predictor for job satisfaction in this context. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional survey design was used where 335 handloom weavers randomly participated in the study. Questionnaire was administered and scale was developed and validated for the measurement of BoS by using exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. The effect of the benefits on the job satisfaction was investigated by using structural equation modelling on AMOS 21 platform. Findings The outcome suggested that the BoS significantly affects the job satisfaction and a possible predictor. This which was indicated by the value of r^2, i.e.0.38 at significance level p < 0.001. Research limitations/implications The study suggests a method for analyzing the schemes/policies in the light of the benefits that schemes intend to deliver. This would help in making suitable modifications in the schemes order to have wider outreach and large-scale inclusion of the beneficiaries. Practical implications The study can be useful for the policymakers to further strengthen the features of the schemes. They might work in direction of inclusion of more handloom weavers in the framework of the schemes. Originality/value The effects of the work-related policies on job satisfaction is still in nascent stage, so this work is all about exploration in that area.

The negative consequences of hypersexuality: Revisiting the factor structure of the Hypersexual Behavior Consequences Scale and its correlates in a large, non-clinical sample

IntroductionDespite the growing literature about hypersexuality and its negative consequences, most studies have focused on the risk of sexually transmitted infections (STI’s), resulting in relatively few studies about the nature and the measurement of a broader spectrum of adverse consequences. MethodsThe aim of the present study was to examine the validity and reliability of the Hypersexual Behavior Consequence Scale (HBCS) in a large, non-clinical population (N = 16,935 participants; females = 5854, 34.6%; Mage = 33.6, SDage = 11.1) and identify its factor structure across genders. The dataset was divided into three independent samples, taking into consideration gender ratio. The validity of the HBCS was investigated in relation to sexuality-related questions (e.g., frequency of pornography use) and the Hypersexual Behavior Inventory (Sample 3). ResultsBoth the exploratory (Sample 1) and confirmatory (Sample 2) factor analyses (CFI = 0.954, TLI = 0.948, RMSEA = 0.061 [90% CI = 0.059–0.062]) suggested a first-order, four-factor structure that included work-related problems, personal problems, relationship problems, and risky behavior as a result of hypersexuality. The HBCS showed adequate reliability and demonstrated reasonable associations with the examined theoretically relevant correlates, corroborating the validity of the HBCS. ConclusionFindings suggest that the HBCS may be used to assess consequences of hypersexuality. It may also be used in clinical settings to assess the severity of hypersexuality and to map potential areas of impairment, and such information may help guide therapeutic interventions.

Features of the labour market in the context of European diversity

Abstract The article presents selected relationships between satisfaction with the financial situation and belonging of the state to the former socialist bloc, and selected labour market factors. Pearson's correlation coefficient, LOG and LOGIT modelling were used to show the European differentiation with labour market factors such as exposure to risk factors, work-related health problems, working in the evenings, number of usual weekly hours of work, employment rates, working at nights, working on Saturdays and long-term unemployment. Key in the differentiation of two groups of countries were the number of usual weekly hours of work, working at nights and working in the evenings. Further analysis of variables enabled the indication of factors such as long-term unemployment, the number of usual weekly hours of work and work-related health problems as determining the level of satisfaction with the financial situation in the countries studied.

Work Practices and Health Problems of Spray Painters Exposed to Organic Solvents in Ile-Ife, Nigeria.

Background.Automobile spray painters in Nigeria are exposed to organic solvents due to the hazardous nature of their work. Inadequate use of personal protective equipment (PPE) may intensify exposure to high levels of chemical hazards with resultant health problems.Objectives.The present study assessed PPE use and work practices and compared work-related health problems of spray painters and controls in Ile-Ife, Nigeria.Methods.A cross-sectional study was conducted among 120 spray painters and 120 controls (electronic technicians). Data on socio-demographics, work practices, knowledge about organic solvent-related hazards and self-reported health symptoms were obtained using a semi-structured questionnaire. Clinical examinations were performed for all respondents and the composition of organic solvents in paints and paint products were derived from material safety data sheets.Results.All respondents were male, and the mean age was 32.7±13.8 years for painters and 33.9±15.5 years for controls. Few (7.5%) painters perceived their use of PPE to be adequate. All spray painters worked in enclosed workshops and N-butyl acetate was the most commonly used organic solvent. Spray painters reported excessive tear production, recurrent cough, and short-term memory loss more frequently than controls (P<0.05). In addition, 89% of painters noticed paint-stained sputum immediately after spray painting. The prevalence ratio of respiratory symptoms was higher in spray painters than controls (prevalence ratio=21.0, CI=2.9–153.6). On clinical examination, more spray painters had corneal opacity and dry skin when compared with controls (P<0.05).Conclusions.Spray painters in the study area worked amidst chemical hazards and had poor use of PPE. Exposure to organic solvents may be responsible for the higher prevalence of self-reported health problems among spray painters. Interventions to enforce the use of PPE and improve the knowledge of organic solvent-related hazards among spray painters are essential.Participant Consent. ObtainedEthics Approval.Ethical approval to conduct the study was obtained from the Health Research and Ethics Committee of the Institute of Public Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife Nigeria (HREC No: IPHOAU/12/463).Competing Interests.The authors declare no competing financial interests.

Harmonized definition of occupational burnout: A systematic review, semantic analysis, and Delphi consensus in 29 countries.

Objective:A consensual definition of occupational burnout is currently lacking. We aimed to harmonize the definition of occupational burnout as a health outcome in medical research and reach a consensus on this definition within the Network on the Coordination and Harmonisation of European Occupational Cohorts (OMEGA-NET).Methods:First, we performed a systematic review in MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Embase (January 1990 to August 2018) and a semantic analysis of the available definitions. We used the definitions of burnout and burnout-related concepts from the Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine Clinical Terms (SNOMED-CT) to formulate a consistent harmonized definition of the concept. Second, we sought to obtain the Delphi consensus on the proposed definition.Results:We identified 88 unique definitions of burnout and assigned each of them to 1 of the 11 original definitions. The semantic analysis yielded a first proposal, further reformulated according to SNOMED-CT and the panelists’ comments as follows: “In a worker, occupational burnout or occupational physical AND emotional exhaustion state is an exhaustion due to prolonged exposure to work-related problems”. A panel of 50 experts (researchers and healthcare professionals with an interest for occupational burnout) reached consensus on this proposal at the second round of the Delphi, with 82% of experts agreeing on it.Conclusion:This study resulted in a harmonized definition of occupational burnout approved by experts from 29 countries within OMEGA-NET. Future research should address the reproducibility of the Delphi consensus in a larger panel of experts, representing more countries, and examine the practicability of the definition.

Work-Related Problems and Requested Support in Inflammatory Bowel Disease - Results of a Multi-Perspective Survey

Patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are often impaired in their occupational participation and ability to work due to IBD-symptoms and complex psychosocial problems. The aim was to explore work-related problems and requested support of IBD-patients and to develop adequate occupational-oriented offers in rehabilitation with a multi-perspective approach. Guided interviews with employed IBD-patients in medical rehabilitation at 2 measurement points (N=12), guided interviews with employed IBD-patients in specialist gastroenterological care (N=7), 4 focus group interviews with rehabilitation staff (N=27) and expert interviews (N=8) were conducted. The qualitative data have been examined in MAXQDA using content-structuring qualitative content analysis. The 4 different interview groups report a similar spectrum of work-related problems and describe various somatic and psychosocial impairments in the working life of IBD-patients. Physical as well as cognitive impairments, fatigue, pain and psychosocial barriers, which are often associated with reduced productivity at work, are described. Additional restrictions result from unhealthy behaviour at work. The results show an increased need for rehabilitative occupational-oriented offers. IBD patients want a more work-related orientation of rehabilitative offers. They ask for competence-promoting offers to develop specific working skills and coping strategies to maintain their ability to work. The results highlight the range of work-related problems of IBD-patients and show occupational-oriented support opportunities and potentials in rehabilitation sector. Medical rehabilitation must be more tailored to the needs of working IBD-patients and should be more focused on health-related challenges at work. A stronger occupational focus, standardised screening for work-related problems and a competence-promoting orientation of IBD-rehabilitation could enhance the spectrum of rehabilitation offers and maintain the ability to work.

Work–life prevalence of self-reported occupational injuries in mothers of a birth cohort

Purpose. This study investigated self-reported occupational injuries among mothers in a large birth cohort study and the relation of their characteristics to different injury outcomes: occurrence, severity, temporal proximity and recurrence. Methods. We asked 4338 women whether they had been in ‘an accident at work, even if it did not require medical treatment’, and the number of accidents throughout their working life, type of injury and whether it occurred within the last 12 months. Results. Over one-fifth (21.8%) of working-age mothers reported having at least one occupational injury throughout their working life. Wounds and superficial injuries were the most frequently reported types of occupational injuries (11.0%), followed by dislocated bones and joints, sprains and strains (10.7%). Women who reported a history of occupational injuries also had a higher likelihood of reporting a work-related health problem (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 2.64; 95% confidence interval [CI] [2.27, 3.07]) and of having a partner who also reported an occupational injury throughout their working life (adjusted OR = 1.86; 95% CI [1.33, 2.62]). Associations remained fairly stable across all outcomes. Conclusions. Our findings point towards a broadened understanding of occupational injury consequences and research focusing on family-level factors that account for the embeddedness of workers in households.

A Systematic Literature Review of Implementation Quality Control Circle in Manufacturing and Services Industries

A quality control circle (QCC) is a group of workers who do the same or similar work, who meet regularly to identify, analyze, and solve work-related problems. This paper is a literature review on the role of QCC in enhancing work safety in the manufacturing and services industry. This paper explores how quality control circles (QCC) enhance work safety in a firm manufacturing environment. The method used is reviewing inquiry papers that use QCC consistently. The findings of this study can be considered as a roadmap for the successful implementation of QCC in all industries. The results obtained contribute to advances on QCC research for identifying that the concepts sustainable of quality manufacturing and service industries can enable quality to have positive impacts on all the sustainability dimensions in an integrated way, and also supporting the implementation of the quality plan in the following aspects: continues improvement; quality management; management improvement. In essence, these research results will help management make crucial decisions and resource allocations required to make the QCC implementation a succes.

Impact of occupational dust exposure on dermatologic symptoms among Korean workers.

Occupation-related dust exposure is common, especially with increased industrialization. While occupational dust-related health issues caused by inhalation or ingestion have been well studied, only a few studies have examined the dermatologic effects of occupational dust exposure. This study aimed to investigate the association between occupational dust exposure and dermatologic symptoms in Korean workers. Among the large-scale representative data from the fifth Korean Working Conditions Survey, 45,700 workers were selected for study. Occupational dust exposure level was categorized as none, moderate, and severe, and dermatologic symptoms were assessed using a questionnaire on health problems. We analyzed the association between occupational dust exposure and dermatologic symptoms using multivariate logistic regression. Risks of skin problems and work-related skin problems were significantly associated with the level of occupational dust exposure in a dose-dependent manner (odds ratio (95% confidence interval): moderate, 1.51 (1.14-2.01); severe, 2.39 (1.74-3.29) in general skin problems; moderate, 1.72 (1.22-2.42); severe, 3.06 (2.11-4.44) in work-related skin problems). We, thus, demonstrate an association between occupational dust exposure and skin problems. As skin absorption of dust is a major route of dust exposure at the workplace, it is necessary to determine the efficacy of continuous management of occupational dust exposure.

HANDWASHING in School Children.

Health care education in schools is one of the vital and interminable techniques of dealing with global health problems of any nature in any age to achieve broader foundation of healthy life. A practical acronym of health care components for schoolchildren have been created and presented in as ‘HANDWASHING’ viz. H: Hand washing; A: Air-borne infection control; N: Nutrition management; D: Drug management and Disposal of waste; W: Water &amp; Work-related health problem management; A: Age wise disease treatment and management; S: Support to the health networks, Sex and Sociocultural harmony education mainly to adolescents; H: Home and Hospital health care; I: Immunization &amp; Information for better health care; N: Nursing care; G: Growth, development, mental health and Global monitoring of health problems/challenges.

Physical activity and health promotion for nursing staff in elderly care: a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

IntroductionNursing staff is burdened by high workload and stress. Furthermore, heavy lifting, as well as transferring nursing home residents, cause lumbar tissue damage and back pain. Exercise intervention studies to...

Investigation of Relationship between Occupational Stress and Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Nurses.

Background:One of the major causes of various work-related health problems among nurses is occupational stress. Hence, the main purpose of the present research was to find association between occupational stress of nurses and risk factors of cardiovascular disease.Methods:In this cross-sectional study, the Osipow job stress questionnaire was employed to assess the occupational stress among the 250 nurses in Emam Khomeini hospital of Tehran in 2018. Based on stress score for participants, subjects divided into two groups: Scoring of group one was 60–179 (mild and average stress) and group two between 180 and 300 (average to acute and acute stress). Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were recorded for subjects after 10hrs fasting. Then the blood samples were collected to measure cholesterol, triglyceride and glucose levels. For determining the association between education level, job experience and study groups, the Chi-square test and for comparing job stress between two groups of study the Mann–Whitney U test was used.Results:Subjects with job stress in group one was 70(28%) and group two was 180(72%). The association between level of education and two study groups was not significant (P=0.129) while between job experience and two study groups was significant (P=0.004). Mean of Blood glucose levels for group I (98.0± 37.5), was higher than group II (82.5±12.0) and statistically significant (P=0.001). No significant difference was found between two groups of study for other parameters.Conclusion:High level of work-related stress among subjects affected the values related to blood glucose level, but no significant relationship was found between other risk factors of cardiovascular diseases and occupational stress among nurses.

Predictors of Occupational Health Outcomes of Call Center Workers from Selected Companies in Cebu and Manila

The business process outsourcing (BPO) industry in the Philippines is expanding rapidly, producing a high employment rate. However, it also causes concerns about the occurrence of workrelated health problems among workers. This study was conducted to measure the prevalence of occupational health outcomes of call center workers from five companies in the Philippines and to determine the likelihood of their occurrence based on personal and work-related variables. We conducted an online survey answered by 227 call center workers. Descriptive statistics were expressed in percentages, arithmetic means, and standard deviations. Differences in symptoms in terms of sex and age-group were determined by chi-squared tests. Confounding effects of personal and occupational variables were computed through logistic and multiple regression analyses. The most prevalent forms of occupational health problems were back pain (96%), headache (96.5%), neck pain (93%), and insomnia (93%). We also found that among the personal and occupational variables, smoking and drinking predicted the occurrence of the symptoms for neck pain, headache, insomnia, and other health complaints. Our findings are crucial in strengthening policies and regulations, promoting a healthier working environment, and preventing fast-paced turn-over of workers in the BPO industry in the Philippines.

Is a tailored work-related support intervention feasible in everyday clinical practice? The experience of healthcare professionals and patients with cancer.

BACKGROUND:Work is valued as an important feature in life, however patients diagnosed with cancer can experience work-related problems. We developed a work-related support intervention to support those in need.OBJECTIVE:The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of the performed tailored GIRONA (Gastro Intestinal cancer patients Receiving Occupational support Near and After diagnosis) intervention and to describe the experiences of those receiving the work-related support and of those providing it.METHODS:An online questionnaire was used to survey the feasibility of the intervention of the support recipients (patients diagnosed with gastrointestinal cancer) and the support providers (healthcare professionals including: oncology nurses and oncological occupational physicians). Five themes were covered: acceptability, demand, implementation, practicality and integration of Bowen’s feasibility model.RESULTS:Twenty-three patients, 14 oncology nurses and 4 oncological occupational physicians, shared their experiences about the tailored work-related support intervention. This intervention was generally perceived as positive and feasible by the participants. Some patients received work-related support despite not experiencing severe problems; others mentioned that they received no such support even though they did need it. Despite positive experiences, there are some barriers to tackle, such as length of consultation, timing of the initiation of work-related support and embedding the oncological occupational physician within the clinical setting.CONCLUSION:According to the healthcare professionals involved, GIRONA is feasible, however some practical barriers were mentioned. The intervention was perceived as positive by both patients and healthcare professionals, but the tailored component could be further improved to better support those in need of work-related support.

The Impact of Moral Leadership on Construction Employees' Psychological Behaviors

In construction companies, employee burnout rates and negative socioemotional behaviors (NSEBs) are severe problems for the management. Work-related problems are then visible in the employee's psychological behaviors and consequent outcomes. The literature on organizational behavior argues that moral leadership can evade burnout and NSEB. Following the arguments, this article attempts to examine the impact of moral leadership on the employee's burnout and NSEB through the mediating variables of job embeddedness, and distributive justice in the construction industry. By using the social exchange theory, this article analyzes the data of 302 employees from construction companies in Hong Kong to assess these relationships. The results showed a negative relationship between moral leadership and the construction employees’ burnout. This article provides construction companies and their managers with useful insights on the way the moral leadership mediate through job embeddedness and distributive justice to curtail the employees' burnout. The results of this article also motivate scholars to investigate the multidimensional role of moral leadership in their future research.