Work-related Health Problems Research Articles

Occupational Health Problems among Cambodian Dentists: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Dental practitioners, as part of their work, are exposed to a variety of hazards. This highlights the ongoing need for attention to occupational health in the dental field. A cross-sectional study was organised to investigate the range, prevalence, and associated factors for occupational health problems related to dental practice among Cambodian dentists. Participants underwent a face-to-face interview to explore dentists work-related health problems; 106 Cambodian dentists participated in this study, of which 68.9% were male. Ages ranged from 29 to 71 years, averaging 36.1 years, with the majority (77.4%) in the 29-40 age group. They had 5 to 18 years of practice experience, and worked an average of 52.2 h per week. Commonly reported health issues included back pain (88.7%), headaches (81.1%), shoulder pain (78.3%), arm/hand pain (57.5%), and eye problems (48.1%). Additionally, 38.7% of participants felt stressed and 19.8% depressed. Some reported suicidal thoughts and taking medication for depression. Despite these challenges, 91.5% enjoyed practicing dentistry. These findings highlight the need for interventions and strategies to address the physical and mental well-being of Cambodian dentists. By addressing these issues, steps can be taken to enhance the working conditions and professional satisfaction of dental professionals, ultimately benefiting both the practitioners and their patients.

Economic evaluations of eHealth interventions targeting mental health problems in the workplace: a systematic review.

Work-related mental health problems impose significant economic and personal burdens. eHealth interventions may offer low-cost, practical solutions, but guidance on their cost-effectiveness in workplace mental health is limited. The objective of this study was to systematically review economic evaluations of workplace eHealth interventions for mental health, offering insights into methodologies and cost-effectiveness outcomes. Adhering to PRISMA guidelines, searches were conducted in Embase, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Cochrane library, PsycInfo and EconLit databases in May 2022, selecting peer-reviewed papers that performed economic evaluations on workplace eHealth interventions for adult mental health. Quality was assessed using the Drummond checklist. From 3213 references, eight met the inclusion criteria. These studies varied in economic perspective, types of economic analysis type, primary outcome measures, intervention focus (e.g. stress, alcohol, insomnia & return-to-work) and direct non-medical costs. Five eHealth interventions were found to be cost-effective and/or have a positive return on investment, with seven studies rated as high quality according to the Drummond checklist. The study outcomes unveiled the potential cost-effectiveness of eHealth interventions targeting mental health issues, particularly these focusing on workplace stress. However, generalization is challenging due to variations in the methodologies across studies.

Exploring the reasons behind nurses' intentions to leave their hospital or profession: A cross-sectional survey

BackgroundMultiple factors can fuel nurses’ intention to leave their employing hospital or their profession. Job dissatisfaction and burnout are contributors to this decision. Sociodemographic and work context factors can also play a role in explaining nurses’ intention to leave. ObjectiveTo investigate the role of sociodemographic and work context factors, including job resources, job demands, job dissatisfaction, depersonalization, and emotional exhaustion, on nurses’ intention to leave their hospital or their profession. DesignMulticentre cross-sectional study. Setting(s)Eight European hospitals, two per each country, including Belgium, the Netherlands, Italy, and Poland. ParticipantsFrom May 16 to September 30, 2022, we collected 1,350 complete responses from nurses working at the selected hospitals (13 % response rate). MethodsThe intention to leave was assessed through two 5-Likert scale outcomes, agreeing with the intention to leave the profession and the intention to leave the hospital. Logistic regression models were used for statistical analysis. ResultsAt the multivariable analysis, a higher intention to leave the hospital was observed for: younger age, having served on the frontline against COVID-19, lack of quipment, living in the Netherlands, emotional exhaustion, dissatisfaction with work prospects, and dissatisfaction with the use of professional abilities. There was a higher intention to leave the profession for: younger age, living in the Netherlands, having work-related health problems, depersonalization, emotional exhaustion, low possibilities of professional development, dissatisfaction with work prospects, lack of use of professional abilities, overall ob issatisfaction, and dissatisfaction with salary. Nurses living in Italy expressed the lowest intention to leave. ConclusionWhile confirming the role of job dissatisfaction and burnout, we found higher intention to leave for young nurses, nurses with work-related health problems, and caregivers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Dissatisfaction with work prospects, professional development, and salary also increased the intention to leave. We call for educators, managers, and policymakers to address these factors to retain at-risk nursing categories, implementing strategies to mitigate intentions to leave.

A Study on the Relationship between Work-Related Health Problems and the Working Conditions of Electronics Industry Workers in South Korea

A Study on the Relationship between Work-Related Health Problems and the Working Conditions of Electronics Industry Workers in South Korea

Continuing the conversation: a cross-sectional study about the effects of work-related adverse events on the mental health of Dutch (resident) obstetrician-gynaecologists (ObGyns)

BackgroundObstetrician-Gynaecologists (ObGyns) frequently face work-related adverse events such as severe obstetric complications and maternal or neonatal deaths. In 2014, the WATER-1 study showed that ObGyns are at risk of developing work-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), while many hospitals lacked a professional support system. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the current prevalence of work-related traumatic events and mental health problems among Dutch ObGyns, as well as to examine the current and desired support.MethodsIn 2022, an online questionnaire was sent to all members of the Dutch Society of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (NVOG), including resident and attending ObGyns. The survey included questions about experienced work-related events, current and desired coping strategies, and three validated screening questionnaires for anxiety, depression, and PTSD (HADS, TSQ, and PCL-5).ResultsThe response rate was 18.8% and 343 questionnaires were included in the analysis. Of the respondents, 93.9% had experienced at least one work-related adverse event, 20.1% had faced a complaint from the national disciplinary board, and 49.4% had considered leaving the profession at any moment in their career. The prevalence rates of clinically relevant anxiety, depression, and psychological distress were 14.3, 4.4, and 15.7%, respectively. The prevalence of work-related PTSD was 0.9% according to DSM-IV and 1.2% according to DSM-5. More than half of the respondents (61.3%) reported the presence of a structured support protocol or approach in their department or hospital, and almost all respondents (92.6%) rated it as sufficient.ConclusionsThe percentages of anxiety, depression, psychological distress and PTSD are comparable to the similar study performed in 2014. Most Dutch ObGyns experience adverse events at work, which can be perceived as traumatic and, in certain cases, may lead to the development of PTSD. Structured support after adverse work-related events is now available in almost two-thirds of workplaces, and was mostly experienced as good. Despite substantial improvements in the availability and satisfaction of professional support after work-related adverse events, the prevalence rates of mental problems remain considerable, and it is imperative to sustain conversation about the mental well-being of ObGyns.

Alcohol consumption and work-related health problems: Exploring the perceptions of Nigerian informal automobile artisans

Alcohol consumption is one of the leading factors that lead to work-related health problems worldwide. However, alcohol consumption among informal workers in developing countries is unknown. Using a qualitative method; this study explores the perception of the informal automobile artisans in Nigeria about alcohol consumption and its contribution to workplace health problems among the working population. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with a purposive sample of 43 automobile artisans from Osun State. Thematic analysis was done using MAXQDA 2020 software. The artisans identified a range of injuries and illnesses. They described the severity of these work-related health problems (WHPs) as either minor, serious or very serious. Moreover, the study shows the prevalence of alcohol consumption among the group. The artisans noted that alcohol consumption is one of the major causes of accidents and injuries among members. They further explained that members take alcohol to get strength for their tasks. The study concluded that using the workplace as a platform to address alcohol consumption is critical to promoting a healthy and productive work environment.

Combining inertial-based ergonomic assessment with biofeedback for posture correction: A narrative review

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) are the most reported work-related health problem in the European Union, representing an economic burden equivalent to 2% of its gross domestic product. Awkward postures are one of the main risk factors. Several postural assessment tools try to identify ergonomic exposure factors for evaluating WRMSD risk, yet these are commonly based on observation. Replacing observations with objective measurements can bring more accuracy and reproducibility to this analysis; hence, a direct measurement approach for the assessment is desired. This review looks for two-fold solutions, able to not only monitor workers’ posture using inertial sensors but also to return that information to the user, in a biofeedback loop. It presents systems for posture risk assessment, regarding ergonomic methods, sensors’ and actuators’ characteristics, and validation protocols. In particular, this review advances previous manuscripts by exploring the literature regarding different biofeedback strategies and ways to encode meaningful information in the cues, i.e., able to deliver intuitive ergonomic guidance so that the user becomes aware and changes into a more neutral posture. The combination of inertial sensors and vibrotactile motors stood out, due to its effectiveness in reducing postural risk. Directional feedback to guide users’ segments individually was found to be a promising strategy, although its validation is still limited. The results of the reviewed manuscripts pointed out the relevant practices, potentialities, and limitations of the existing solutions, allowing the identification of future challenges.

Work-Related Mental Health Problems in Switzerland.

The study identifies work-related risk factors that are relevant to mental health and quantifies their influence. This allows estimation of risk levels for individual workplaces and of the proportion of occupational causation in the emergence of mental health problems. Swiss Health Survey data, containing information on several potential risk factors and health indicators that cover aspects of mental health, were used in multiple multivariate logistic regression analyses. Stress was the predominant risk factor, followed by exposure to violence, unergonomic work processes, and work that conflicted with family life. Hotel and restaurant industries and health and social services had high exposure to risk factors. One of 20 workplaces was deemed high-risk based on an odds ratio >4. Up to one-third of mental health problems within the active workforce may have highly predominant occupational causation.

Experiences of Nurses and Midwives With Indecorously Structured Duty Rosters at Selected Health Facilities in Ho, Volta Region of Ghana: A Qualitative Study.

Decent working time in the health sector is critical to providing quality care, and balancing health workers' well-being with the requirements of 24/7 healthcare provision. Nursing and midwifery staff, comprising the largest group in the health workforce, play a crucial role. Understanding their experiences and challenges related to duty rosters is essential for improving work conditions, job satisfaction, and ultimately, the quality of care. This study aims to explore the experiences of nurses and midwives with the hospital duty roster at selected health facilities in Ho, the Volta Region of Ghana. A qualitative research method with a phenomenological approach was employed to capture the nuanced experiences of nurses and midwives regarding the hospital duty roster. A semistructured interview guide facilitated data collection, ensuring a comprehensive exploration of participants' experiences. Three selected health facilities in Ho, the Volta Region of Ghana, served as the study's location. The study recruited 20 participants (nurses and midwives) to reach data saturation. The collected data were transcribed verbatim and analyzed through thematic content analysis, using a deductive approach. Researchers reviewed the raw data, generating initial codes to capture new concepts of interest. The duty roster often demonstrated organizational flaws negatively impacting the health, well-being, and job performance of nurses and midwives, consequently affecting patient care quality. The study identified that these healthcare professionals faced significant risks of work-related stress, burnout, and mental health problems due to ineffective coping strategies toward the hospital duty roster. Findings from the study also demonstrated that nurses and midwives prefer day shift because of its short time and the availability of all groups of professionals to help manage cases as compared to a night shift. The findings underscore factors influencing nurses' choice of shift patterns, emphasizing the need for further research to explore the extent to which nurses' preferences are considered when designing hospital duty rosters. Such insights can contribute to improving both the working conditions of healthcare professionals and the overall quality of patient care.

PENERAPAN KESELAMATAN DAN KESEHATAN KERJA (K3) DI BAGIAN PENYIMPANAN REKAM MEDIS RUMAH SAKIT UMUM DAERAH X BANDUNG

Occupational safety and health can support the performance of officers during work, especially in medical record filing. Improperly implemented occupational safety and health causes work accidents. The purpose of occupational health and safety is to prevent, reduce, protect and even eliminate the risk of work accidents. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research on occupational safety and health in Medical Record Filing. This study aims to reveal the implementation of occupational safety and health in Medical Record filing section in Hospital X. This research method uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. Interview and observation were used as data collection techniques. The subjects in this study were 8 medical record filing officers and 1 medical record filing room at Hospital X. The result showed that filing staff did not use personal protective equipment completely, the air temperature of filing room did not meet the threshold value, there were still disease vectors, the medical record filing room was dusty, there was no ventilation, and staff had work-related health problems such as dry cough and itching. Researchers suggest the efforts in socializing the importance of occupational safety and health (K3), adding personal protective equipment, adding air conditioners, buying vacuum cleaners, adding ventilation, windows or doors, maintaining cleanliness and completely applying K3 principles.

Time-Based Stress and Procedural Justice: Can Transparency Mitigate the Effects of Algorithmic Compensation in Gig Work?

The gig economy has led to a new management style, using algorithms to automate managerial decisions. Algorithmic management has aroused the interest of researchers, particularly regarding the prevalence of precarious working conditions and the health issues related to gig work. Despite algorithmically driven remuneration mechanisms' influence on work conditions, few studies have focused on the compensation dimension of algorithmic management. We investigate the effects of algorithmic compensation on gig workers in relation to perceptions of procedural justice and time-based stress, two important predictors of work-related health problems. Also, this study examines the moderating effect of algorithmic transparency in these relationships. Survey data were collected from 962 gig workers via a research panel. The results of hierarchical multiple regression analysis show that the degree of exposure to algorithmic compensation is positively related to time-based stress. However, contrary to our expectations, algorithmic compensation is also positively associated with procedural justice perceptions and our results indicate that this relation is enhanced at higher levels of perceived algorithmic transparency. Furthermore, transparency does not play a role in the relationship between algorithmic compensation and time-based stress. These findings suggest that perceived algorithmic transparency makes algorithmic compensation even fairer but does not appear to make it less stressful.

Are retired persons fitter in their psychological capacities than unemployed? A cross-sectional representative study in Germany

ObjectivesBeyond specific aspects of numerical or verbal intelligence or cognitive speed, a broad range of psychological capacities are generally important in school, job and social life for all age groups....

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Work-Related Injury Among Municipal Solid Waste Collectors in Hawassa City, Southern Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Municipal solid waste collectors are at risk of experiencing work-related health problems due to the waste they handle and the physical effort they put in. Work-related injuries among domestic waste collectors have been the subject of scant research in developing nations. Therefore, it is necessary to describe work-related injuries in these subpopulation groups. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of work-related injury among municipal solid waste collectors in Hawassa city, Southern Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 11 to 30, 2022, with all the registered municipal solid waste collectors (411). Three diploma environmental health professionals assisted in collecting data using a pretested structured interviewer-administered questionnaire; 1 Bachelor of Science environmental health professional served as a supervisor. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 was used to enter, clean, code, and analyze the data. Associations between independent and dependent variables were assessed, and the strength of the associations was presented by using Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). According to the bivariable analysis, all independent variables associated with a P-value <.25 were entered into a multivariable logistic regression model. Variables in the multivariable regression analysis were considered significant if their P-value was less than 0.05. In this study, the prevalence of work-related injuries within the last 30 days was 12.9% (95% CI: 9.5, 16.3), while the prevalence over the last 12 months was 59.4% (95% CI: 54.7, 64.0). After adjusting for possible confounding factors, age 18 to 24 years [AOR = 1.72;95% CI: (1.07, 2.76)], lack of personal protective equipment (PPE) utilization [AOR = 2.30; 95% CI: (1.44, 3.68)], chewing khat (yes) [AOR = 2.32;95% CI: (1.32, 4.08)], drinking alcohol (yes) [AOR = 1.80; 95% CI: (1.003, 3.24)] and job dissatisfaction [AOR = 2.26, 95% CI: (1.44, 3.54)] were shown to be significantly associated with work-related injury. The prevalence of work-related injuries was high. Age 18 to 24 years, chewing khat, drinking alcohol, lack of PPE utilization, and job dissatisfaction were significantly associated with work-related injury. Based on the findings of this study, we suggest that addressing these risk factors could help to reduce work-related injuries.

Home health care nurse routing and scheduling problem considering ergonomic risk factors

Home health care routing and scheduling is a complex problem that requires many aspects to be considered simultaneously. One of the important aspects is ergonomics. Home health care nurses are at higher risk of work-related health problems such as musculoskeletal disorders and burnout since they are frequently exposed to physical, mental, and environmental ergonomic risks in their jobs. Therefore, it is essential to integrate ergonomic considerations into the construction of daily schedules for home health care nurses to mitigate these health risks. The purpose of this study is to present a mathematical model that incorporate ergonomic risks. We introduce a set of constraints into our model to prevent nurses from encountering excessive workloads. To assess the workload, we propose a subjective assessment method and employ a fuzzy inference system to calculate nurses' perceived workload levels. We applied our model to a several numerical examples to investigate the impact of workload on the nurse daily schedules. We observed that, at a specified workload level, there may be alternative solutions where the number of patients visited is the same. Therefore, we defined an objective function to maximize patient visits while minimizing nurses' workload levels as much as possible. As a result, our model generates solutions that effectively reduce nurse workloads, leading to more balanced schedules. Thus, our study offers a comprehensive approach to home health care scheduling by incorporating ergonomic considerations, ultimately enhancing both patient care and nurse well-being.

A Descriptive Study to Assess the Knowledge on Stress Management among Staff Nurses at Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital Kalitheerthalkuppam

Stress is a physical or emotional state of response always present in a personal as a result of living it is intensified in a non specific response to an internal or external environmental change or threat. stress is frequently described as “ the black plaque of the eighties or the modern epidemic has become an important feature and major problem of everyday life threatening individual organization and social health. Numerous studies have indicated that job stress is significant in nursing, it was found that job stress brought about hazardous impacts not only as nurses health but also their abilities to cope with job demands. this will seriously impair the provision of quality care and efficacy of health services delivery further more professional stress has been found to be one of the major work related health problems. Therefore it is important to understand how work associated stress affects nurses and what factors in their working environment cause the greatest burden. it is also of great importance to gain more knowledge of nurses working condition, occupational stress it management, knowledge that might be used to decrease nurses. professional stress and increase their stress managing abilities.

The development and evaluation of an intervention to promote the uptake of preventive tasks by occupational physicians targeting work-related mental health problems: protocol for the IM-PROmPt-study

ObjectiveWork-related mental health problems are a major and growing public and occupational health issue. Although prevention of work-related disease is a central task in the work of occupational physicians, implementation of preventive tasks can still improve. The aim of this paper is to present the development of an intervention to support occupational physicians in the execution of preventive tasks and a protocol for its evaluation.MethodsAn intervention to support occupational physicians has been developed making use of the implementation mapping protocol. The intervention was based on barriers and facilitators for the execution of preventive tasks, input from stakeholders, and evidence-based strategies from literature.ResultsThe intervention consists of three peer group supervision meetings directed to preventive tasks. During these meetings, occupational physicians will receive materials and will use goal-setting to formulate their own action plans. The IM-PROmPt-study (Implementation of PReventive tasks by Occupational Physicians) is a two-armed cluster randomized controlled trial, comparing peer group supervision directed to the implementation of preventive tasks for occupational physicians with usual peer group supervision. The evaluation will include an effect and process evaluation to examine if the intervention is successful in supporting OPs to implement preventive activities, specifically aimed to prevent work-related mental health problems.DiscussionThe intervention is expected to lead to more knowledge and awareness of the value of prevention among OPs, anticipated to lead to both organizational and individual gains.Trial registrationISRCTN registry; ISRCTN15394765. Registered on 27 June 2023.

Study of Indicators of the Quality of Life Related to Health by Labor Activity and Unemployment (International Experience)

Topicality. Work capacity is seen as an important aspect of well-being and health. One of the most important factors related to work capacity is health-related quality of life (HRQOL), which assesses the physical, mental, and social aspects of a person's health. The purpose of the study was to analyze the international experience of assessing indicators of the quality of life related to health in terms of labor activity and unemployment. Research methods: bibliosemantic research method followed by content analysis of scientific literary sources and electronic resources. Research Results. HRQOL is determined by a system of factors, the analysis of which was carried out with an emphasis on such areas as labor activity and unemployment. Multivariate analysis of a number of studies confirmed that occupational stress, exposure to workplace hazards, occupational accidents contribute to low HRQOL or work-related health problems. The quality of life of the unemployed is lower than that of the employed, besides, it is higher for women compared to men. Representatives of certain professions (teachers, lawyers, medical workers, engineers, insurance agents) have lower quality of life indicators due to a high level of work stress. Employees with higher professional status have higher indicators of quality of life. The quality of life of the population employed in the economies of developing countries is reduced. Conclusions. Thus, the obtained results indicate the importance of identifying factors that directly or indirectly affect all areas of the quality of life related to the health of persons of working age in order to correct them. Since improving the quality of life is one of the key tasks of the country's development planning strategy and its reconstruction in the post-war period.

Managers' experience of causes and prevention of sick leave among young employees with Common Mental Disorders (CMDs)-A qualitative interview study with a gender perspective.

Young adults entering the workforce have an almost 40% greater risk of work-related mental health problems than other working age groups. Common mental disorders (CMDs) constitute the majority of such mental health problems. Managers are crucial in promoting a good psychosocial work environment and preventing sick leave. The study aims to explore managers' experience of 1) causes of sick leave in the personal and work-life of young employees with CMDs, and 2) prevention of such sick leave. A gender perspective is applied to examine managers' experience of causes and prevention of sick leave in relation to male and female employees and male and female-dominated occupations. A qualitative design was applied and 23 semi-structured interviews were conducted with Swedish managers experienced in supervising young employees with CMDs. The interviews were analysed with conventional content analysis and the managers' experience of similarities and differences between young female and male employees and occupations were explored through reflective notes. Four main categories and eight subcategories describe the managers' experience of the causes of sick leave due to CMD among young employees. The main categories are: 1) entering work life when already worn-out, 2) struggling with too high expectations at work, 3) having a challenging personal life, and 4) being unable to manage specific occupational challenges and demands. Gender differences were found in six subcategories regarding, e.g., work demands and problems in personal relationships. One main category and three subcategories describe how this type of sick leave might be prevented, with managers emphasizing the need to ease the transition into work life. Gender differences in the prevention of sick leave were found in one subcategory regarding communication about workers' health and problems at work. Our findings show that gender norms and the expectations of young men and women are factors of importance in managers' experience of the development and prevention of CMDs. These results can inform their preventive work and their supervision and introduction of newly-employed young adults.

Differences in the Effects of Work Environment on Health Problems and Satisfaction of Working Condition by Gender: The 6th Korean Working Conditions Survey.

This study investigated gender differences in exposure to hazardous factors, health problems, and work environment satisfaction and identified the effects of such differences on farmworkers in Korea. Through the 6th Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS) conducted by the Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute (OSHRI), the raw data on 2347 farmworkers were analyzed to present descriptive statistics for demographic characteristics, exposure to hazardous factors, health problems, and work environment satisfaction. We compared genders using chi-squared tests and investigated the effects of gender-specific working conditions on work-related health problems and work environment satisfaction using multivariate logistic analysis. The results were presented as an odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval. Job position predicted work-related health problems in male farmworkers and work environment satisfaction in female farmworkers. Furthermore, female farmworkers perceived themselves to have more health problems than male farmworkers. Nevertheless, female farmworkers received less health and safety information and had lower work environment satisfaction compared to male farmworkers. The findings may improve the occupational welfare of farmworkers through continuous enhancement of the agricultural labor environment.

Healthcare Workers Training and Implementation of Occupational Health and Safety (OSH) Measures at Kitale County Referral Hospital, Kenya

Purpose: Many people, including healthcare workers, spend one-third of their adult lives in hazardous work environments. Despite significant advancements in safety management over the last few decades, occupational health continues to contribute to work-related health problems around the world, including in Kenya. The study's main goal was to investigate factors influencing the implementation of occupational health and safety measures at Kitale County Referral Hospital.&#x0D; Methodology: The research was cross-sectional, descriptive, and mixed-methods. The targeted study population was 246 healthcare workers at Kitale County Referral Hospital, and 146 were randomly sampled. Key Informant Interview (KII) guidelines and a structured questionnaire were utilized to collect data. Data was coded, entered, and analyzed in STATA v15. A thematic method was utilized for analyzing KII qualitative data.&#x0D; Findings: Spearman's correlation coefficients (0.687, p&lt;0.05) for training show a strong link between these HealthCare’s training and OHS implementation. This means that traning directly affects hospital OHS implementation. Ordered regression results include age (Φ = 0.055; p&lt;0.01), gender (Φ = 0.208; p&lt;0.05), education (Φ = 0.105; p&lt;0.01), cadre (Φ = 0.098; p&lt;0.1), staff training (Φ = 0.090, p&lt;0.05 confirmed that there existed a direct and positive relationship between the occupational health and safety implementation and some of the independent variables.&#x0D; Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Thus, the study proposes that public hospitals teach staff to promote occupational health and safety. The facilities should also establish a management committee to drive OSH implementation, and the county government should guarantee that policies encourage OSH in county referral hospitals.