Managers' experience of causes and prevention of sick leave among young employees with Common Mental Disorders (CMDs)-A qualitative interview study with a gender perspective.

Abstract

Young adults entering the workforce have an almost 40% greater risk of work-related mental health problems than other working age groups. Common mental disorders (CMDs) constitute the majority of such mental health problems. Managers are crucial in promoting a good psychosocial work environment and preventing sick leave. The study aims to explore managers' experience of 1) causes of sick leave in the personal and work-life of young employees with CMDs, and 2) prevention of such sick leave. A gender perspective is applied to examine managers' experience of causes and prevention of sick leave in relation to male and female employees and male and female-dominated occupations. A qualitative design was applied and 23 semi-structured interviews were conducted with Swedish managers experienced in supervising young employees with CMDs. The interviews were analysed with conventional content analysis and the managers' experience of similarities and differences between young female and male employees and occupations were explored through reflective notes. Four main categories and eight subcategories describe the managers' experience of the causes of sick leave due to CMD among young employees. The main categories are: 1) entering work life when already worn-out, 2) struggling with too high expectations at work, 3) having a challenging personal life, and 4) being unable to manage specific occupational challenges and demands. Gender differences were found in six subcategories regarding, e.g., work demands and problems in personal relationships. One main category and three subcategories describe how this type of sick leave might be prevented, with managers emphasizing the need to ease the transition into work life. Gender differences in the prevention of sick leave were found in one subcategory regarding communication about workers' health and problems at work. Our findings show that gender norms and the expectations of young men and women are factors of importance in managers' experience of the development and prevention of CMDs. These results can inform their preventive work and their supervision and introduction of newly-employed young adults.