Linguistic Work Research Articles

Функційні вияви парцелятів в ідіостилі Івана Франка

The article is devoted to the study of parcelat, which is one of the means of expressive syntax. The use of parcellation is characteristic feature of artistic and conversational styles, which demonstrates the combination of various syntactic forms of expression dictated by communicative requirements. Parcelat is the result of the segmentation of a sentence as a complete syntactic and intonation-content structure into several elements (basic part and segment) in order to actualize individual fragments of the message. In the context of the theory of actual articulation, the main part (core) of the parcelat occupies the thematic position, and the segment (parcel) is an expression of the rheme. The lack of linguistic works dedicated to the study of parcelat in the artistic heritage of Ivan Franko arouses scientific interest in studying the peculiarities of the functioning of parcelat in the writer's artistic works and determining their tasks in achieving a perlocutionary effect on the reader. The purpose of the scientific article is to study the peculiarities of the functioning of parcelat within a simple sentence based on the materials of Ivan Franko's literary works ("Petrii and Dovbuschuku" (1 ed.), "Borislav laughs", "Cross paths", "Petrii and Dovbuschuku" (2 ed.)), belonging to different periods of the writer's creativity. Parceled homogeneous predicates are the most used within a simple sentence, parceled homogeneous adjuncts, homogeneous circumstances and parceled predicate, meaning, adjunct, circumstance and the main member of a one-syllable sentence are much less recorded. Most often, the writer used parcelat with a non-conjunctive connection, less often – with a conjunctive one, sporadically used parcelat, the formal marker of which is a dot pause between the components. We note the quantitative growth of cases of parcellation in the writer's artistic works belonging to the late period of creativity. In the research, for the first time, a comprehensive analysis of the parcelat within a simple sentence, used by Ivan Franko in the artistic works of different periods of creativity, was carried out, which made it possible to reveal dynamic processes in their functioning. We see the prospect of further exploration in the involvement of a larger number of Ivan Franko's artistic works in order to reveal their functional and pragmatic potential in the writer's idiostyle. Key words: simple sentence, segmentation, parcelat, expressive syntax, pragmatics of artistic text, Ivan Franko.

Лексика народного календаря як обʼєкт мовознавчих студій

The vocabulary of the national calendar as a representative of the spiritual and material culture of the ethnos is related to modeling the linguistic picture of the world, because it illustrates the connection between the formation and development of the lexical system of the language and traditional culture, reflecting the worldview and worldview of the speakers. The analysis of the state of study of ononymous (geortonyms, chrononyms) and appellative calendar-ceremonial vocabulary and phraseology in dialects illustrates the unevenness of its study, the superiority of linguistic works on the nomination of individual calendar holidays or their parts in dialects, the lack of materials from a number of dialect areas, and therefore the need to fill gaps in the dialect map. The choice of the study of this thematic group of vocabulary is motivated by the need to preserve those language units that are on the periphery of the dictionary of dialects due to the rapid leveling of calendar rituals. The result of further research will be the most comprehensive presentation of the calendar-ritual nomination ‒ holidays, dedications, rituals, participants, attributes, etc. ‒ in the consolidated dictionary of the language, in textography and linguogeography.

The Linguistic Philosophy of Noam Chomsky

Noam Chomsky, one of the most famous linguists of the twentieth century, based his linguistic works on certain philosophical doctrines. His main contribution to linguistics is transformational Generative Grammar, which is founded on mentalist philosophy. He explains the acquisition of language. He claims that it becomes possible for human child to learn a language for the linguistic faculty with which the child is born, and that the use of language for an adult is mostly a mental exercise. His ideas brought about a revolution in linguistics, dubbed as Chomskyan Revolution.

Sajnovics’s Demonstratio (1770) A linguistic treatise based on methods of natural sciences

Sajnovics János (1733–1785) was the author of the basic work of comparative linguistics (Demonstratio 1770), which is considered the first scientific demonstration of the affinity of Hungarian and a Finno-Ugric language, Saami. This work was created on the occasion of the 1769 astronomical expedition in Denmark as unplanned side research. After the expedition the leader, Maximilian Hell reported on the transition of Venus (Transitio Veneris) and his assistant, János Sajnovics on the Hungarian–Lappish linguistic identity (Demonstratio).[1] This paper will deal with the scientific research methodology of Demonstratio comparing it with the methodology applied in Hell’s astronomical treatise. We also consider some contemporary critics of the methodology of Demonstratio.
 
 [1] In this paper I will use the term Lappish instead of politically correct Saami, according to the 18th-century terminology.

Ötvenéves a Ladó-féle utónévkönyv

Ladó’s Proper Name Dictionary is Fifty Years Old This paper presents the volume Magyar utónévkönyv (‘Book of Hungarian given names’), which has been well-known by the public, those choosing names for their offspring and those interested in first names for over 50 years. The author describes the prelude to the publication of this book. The paper discusses the legal framework regarding Hungarian proper name usage and discovers the anomalies of the 1960s. Because of those uncertainties, linguists and public administration experts formulated official lists of proper names. The paper describes how the dictionary of Hungarian proper names appeared under János Ladó’s name in 1971 after extensive social, administrative and linguistic preparatory work. János Ladó’s career, the dictionary’s structure, the entries, the reception the volume received, and the criticisms expressed by some linguist colleagues feature in the paper. The book, which went through seven editions, needed to be revised and expanded several times due to changes in naming preferences and their regulation over the following decades. The paper also explores these trends in a short section.

Los empleos de la preposición za en el dominio de tiempo y de sus correspondientes españoles y franceses

In this article, we describe the prepositional structures that the Polish preposition za can form to perform three different semantic functions in the domain of time. We compare these constructions with expressions that perform the same semantic functions in Spanish and French. The main inspiration for our research was Martin Haspelmath’s monograph from 1997, as well as the works of Polish, American, French and Spanish linguists in the field of cognitive grammar and research on the preposition. The observations made allow us to notice some differences and similarities regarding both the formal structure of the analyzed expressions and the semantic conditions for the use of specific prepositions or prepositional expressions.

Тюркская компаративистика: Бяшим Чарыяров

In this article, in a thesis order, issues related to a life full of events and fruitful research activities, as well as active scientific and organizational work of a prominent Turkmen comparative linguist, Doctor of Philology, Professor, Honored Scientist Academician of the Academy of Sciences of Turkmenistan Byashim Charyyarov, the 100th anniversary of which is widely and solemnly celebrated by the scientific community of the country in the current year 2022. The article provides some important details and significant details from his life. One of the main areas of scientific activity of B. Charyyarov is a systematic description of the facts of the modern Turkmen literary language. He is one of the leading authors and executive editors of the «Grammar of the Turkmen language», which consists of two parts: «Phonetics and morphology» (1970) and «Syntax of a phrase and a simple sentence» (1977). Under the leadership and with the participation of B. Charyyarov, more than ten collections devoted to various issues of the culture of speech of the Turkmen literary language were published. He is one of the compilers and executive editors of the «Russian-Turkmen Dictionary», published first in 1956, and then in two volumes – in 1986 and 1987.

The Primal Ideas of Mankind of Petar Stanković

The authors of this paper present a hitherto unpublished text ofPetar Stanković, titled Idee primitive dell’Uomo in istato di natura pressotutti i popoli del mondo per conoscere i rapporti delle lingue e loro origine,which serves as a treatise or supplement to his brief, annexed sixteenlanguagedictionary. Because the philological work of Petar Stankovićis less known, this paper contributes to its research and also to a betterknowledge of Croatian lexicography in relation to European lexicographyand the general lexicographic tendencies of that time. The introductory partof the paper offers a brief overview of the life and work of Petar Stankovićand a concise description of the contents of the text, while the centralpart of the paper contains Stanković’s text in Italian, which he includesas someone who has experience in exploring the similarities betweenlanguages and questioning the problem of the empirical origin of languageand its connection with objects in the material world. Stanković, in usingthe comparative method is in keeping with contemporary Indo-Europeanresearch. The authors conclude that this treatise should be viewed togetherwith the dictionary as a whole, and placed in the context of languageresearch as a phenomenon, philosophical traditions of the relationship oflanguage and ideas, and especially in the context of linguistic and classicalphilological research in future research.

Starodruki z kolekcji arcybiskupa Józefa Teodorowicza: przyczynek do badań bibliofilstwa w środowisku Ormian polskich

ANTIQUE BOOKS FROM THE COLLECTION OF ARCHBISHOP JÓZEF TEODOROWICZ: A MINOR CONTRIBUTION TO THE RESEARCH OF BIBLIOPHILISM IN THE ENVIRONMENT OF THE POLISH ARMENIANS
 Armenian Archbishop Józef Teodorowicz (1864-1938) had a collection of antique books, comprising at least 145 titles in a few languages: Latin, Polish, German, and French. Armenian antique books, published with great artistry in Venice and Constantinople, were especially interesting among these works. It was determined that over 80 percent of collection concerned different branches of theology. The rest, i.e. 20 percent, included works of philosophy, ethics, canon law, rhetoric, literature, and linguistics. During the Second World War, after the capture of Lwów by Soviet troops, the collection was partially destroyed and dispersed. In August 1940, preserved fragments were included into the collections belonging to the Library of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian Socialistic Soviet Republic (Lviv Branch). Today, the preserved fragments of the collection from the library of Archbishop Teodorowicz are kept in two institutions: the Division of Antique Books of the Wasyl Stefanyk National Scientific Library in Lviv and the Unit of Antique Books of the Ossoliński National Institute in Wrocław.

Study of the Law of Synharmonism in the Kazakh Language

The article discusses the main stages of the scientific study of vowel harmony in the Kazakh language. The initial data for the study were the works of foreign linguists and Kazakh linguists in charge of A. Baytursynuly and H. Dosmukhameduly. On the base of analize the nature of the law of consonance in the Kazakh language is described in detail. To date, many researchers argue that vowel harmony is only the consonance of vowel sounds. So this definition is given in school textbooks and scientific papers. In this article authors gave examples that show one of the types of synharmonism – the harmony of consonant sounds. The theoretical views of scientists on vowel harmony in the Kazakh language are contradictory, so there was given preference to the conclusions of scientists who studied the phonetic structure of the Kazakh language experimentally. Authors tried to prove that both the vowel and the consonant sound play an important role in the synharmonic language. Although some principles contradict authors’ decisions, the opinion of the majority of scientists who have studied the structure and auditory nature of sounds and other speech units, phenomena and processes experimentally is consistent with the result of their research. It is important to understand more deeply the problems of consonantal theories and stressphonemic theories underlying the Turkic word. The conclusions of this article show that in recent years in the field of sound systems in Turkology, new, synharmonic, synharmonic phonological theories have been formed and introduced into practice.

Beyond Linguistic Documentation: Between the National Language and Local Languages in Indonesia

This paper discusses the politics of national language policy, especially in Indonesia and the effects of the policy toward the continuity of language diversity in Indonesia. Firstly, a short review of studies in endangered languages is presented in order to fit this discussion in appropriate place in the literature. To get more specific, the Indonesian language policy and its influence toward the country’s linguistic diversity is reviewed which is followed by the description of the media’s influence upon the threat posed to the marginal local languages. After this point, Indonesian linguists’ work will be reviewed in relation to their own status as members of different communities of practice. At the end, recommendations for improving the future linguistic works are suggested in light of language documentation, preservation, and maintenance.

Formation of grammatical forms of full-meaning parts of speech in Ukrainian and Polish languages

The aim of the article is to find out and explain the reasons that differentiate these two grammatical systems and show that common which unites them and gives the basis to consider them closely related. The basis for writing this article served many years of experience in teaching the history of the Ukrainian language compared to other Slavic languages, and the source base, that the author relies on, are the numerous works of Ukrainian and Polish linguists dedicated to the history of Slavic languages.
 Basic methods that were used while writing this article – are descriptive and comparative, due to which the author was able to show a great similarity in grammatical forms of main (independent) parts of speech and at the same time differences in these forms caused by these or those reasons that arose in the process of development of languages. In this article those language issues were given, in the process of studying of which the students, who study Polish, had some difficulties. This, in particular, concerns masculine and non-masculine personal forms within the limits of every full-meaning part of speech in Polish, namely here separate forms of masculine were singled out that concern just the males. As for Ukrainian, there isn’t such a variety of declinable forms, that means it went through larger unifications, moreover, if we take the system of verbs (separate verb forms) – under the influence of female samples. Functioning of these grammatical forms is shown in the system of declension of a noun, adjective, pronoun, numeral and a verb.
 To conclude, this article will give students and all those who are interested in the language of the nation, namely the representatives of both countries – Ukraine and Poland – the understanding of main grammatical regularities and features of both closely related languages.

Features of creating surnames, derived from the surname of Did (based on surnames common in Ukraine)

The article examines the peculiarities of the creation of surnames derived from the surname Did, common in Ukraine. An overview of the scientific works of domestic linguists on the theoretical and applied aspects of the study of Ukrainian surnames was made (the works of V. Horpynych, L. Masenko, A. Popovsky, Yu. Pradid, Yu. Redko, M. Khudash, etc.), their lexicographic processing as a whole in general (V. Demchenko and I. Lopushynskyi, A. Zosimov, Yu. Redko, etc.), as well as individual regions of Ukraine, in particular (H. Arkushyn, V. Horpynych, Yu. Novikova, P. Chuchka, etc.).
 A cursory review of the scientific research of Ukrainian scientists gave grounds to summarize that surnames derived from the surname Did, as well as microsystems of surnames «Grandfather» in general, were not studied at all, even casually, in connection with the study of other problems, in Ukrainian linguistic science.
 From the system of surnames common on the territory of Ukraine, a group of surnames derived from the surname Did, which includes 173 surnames, was singled out. It was established that 33 out of 46 surnames became the basis for the creation of 127 new surnames, and no new surnames were formed from 13 surnames derived from the surname Did.
 The most common surname of the studied microgroup is the surname Didenko (19,123 speakers), and the most derived surnames are formed from the surname Didukh (20 surnames).
 The analysis of the actual material gave reasons to claim that the main method of creating surnames derived from the surname Did is the suffixation: Didukh – Didu(h/sh)-itsk-y, Didyn – Didyn-ets, Didenko – Diden(k/h)-enk -o and others (a total of 83 surnames). In one case, a more complex formula was used – the surname Did-enk-o was formed from the last name Did by a suffix method, from which the last name Didenk-ul was also formed by a suffix method, and the last name Didenkul-ov was formed from it by a suffix method.
 It is noted that the suffixes -ov (14 cases), -enk- (11 cases), -chuk(-chuk) (7 cases) are most often used to create new surnames. 44 female surnames are formed in an inflectional way from the bases of male surnames: Didushyn – Didushyn-a, Didkivsk-y – Didkivsk-a, Didenkov – Didenkov-a, etc.
 The article emphasizes the fact that surnames derived from the surname Dyed, double surnames, one of the components of which are the surnames Dіd and Dyed and surnames derived from them, rare and non-derivative surnames, the basis of which served as the basis of the surnames Dіd and Dyed, also require separate research , and some others.

Jakarta Abad XIX dalam Kolofon Naskah Melayu Koleksi A.B. Cohen Stuart di Perpusnas RI

As a note written directly by the copyist/owner of the manuscript outside the text of the manuscript, the colophon can serve as a source of information about the history of its manuscript. Not only that, colophons can also function as a source of past knowledge outside the manuscript’s tradition. This is as shown by the colophons contained in the Malay manuscripts collection of A.B. Cohen Stuart stored in the National Library of Indonesia. This research on colophon manuscripts was carried out using descriptive methods and philological work steps to analyze data sources in the form of colophons. The results of the analysis, it can be concluded that 38 Malay manuscripts from the collection of Cohen Stuart are estimated to have been collected during his duty as conservator at Bataviaasch Genootschap, Batavia (Jakarta) in 1862-1871. These manuscripts were copied and/or owned by as many as 22 copyists/owners who lived in 16 villages in Jakarta in the period 1863-1869, except for two manuscripts which are estimated to be dated to the 1840s. Most of the manuscripts were copied for commercial purposes, i.e. for rent or sale. In addition, this colophon analysis also reveals some of the history of the city of Jakarta in the 19th century, including the structure of government, the villages in Batavia, as well as the formation of the Betawi ethnicity and the livelihoods of its people.

Linguistics in the Academy of Sciences and Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina

The paper deals with linguistic research in ANUBiH in two directions – the organization of work on linguistic examinations and the analysis of the titles published in publications of ANUBIH. The first part follows the work of the Department of Historical-Philological Sciences, later the Department of Social Sciences, then the Humanities, and the Commission for Linguistics and the Center for Lexicology and Lexicography, through their most important activities and projects, along with the work of the Balkanological Institute, later the Center for Balkanological Studies. The second part of the paper provides an overview of published linguistic texts. In the end, a bibliography of linguistic works published in ANUBIH is provided.

Владислав Якимович Гросул — автор концепции этногенеза молдаван

Almost all researchers representing various humanitarian disciplines are distinguished by an integrated approach at the present stage of development of scientific knowledge on the study of the ethnogenesis of Moldavians. One of these scientists is the outstanding historian Vladislav Yakimovich Grosul. As a representative of historical and political Moldavism, in the late 1990s he gave impetus to the revival of interest in the migrationist concept in fundamental science. Vladislav Yakimovich repeatedly drew attention to the fact that not only Romanian, but also Soviet scientists for a long time, in essence, adhered to autochthonous and admigration theories. According to his own confessions, he shared this position, and he himself, however, later decided to reconsider it and actively urged his colleagues to do so. Relying mainly on the works of linguists, archaeologists and anthropologists, he believed that the Romanized population of the Balkan Peninsula were primarily Romanized Illyrians, and not Daco-Thracians, and that the proto-language of the Eastern Romance was also formed in the Balkans. V. Ya. Grosul, admitting the possibility (albeit insignificant) that a small part of the Romanized population could have survived in the Carpathians, has developed the Illyrian version of the migration theory most fully and convincingly so far. The concept of V. Ya. Grosul requires the closest possible attention, critical analysis, especially on the basis of an integrated historical and geographical approach.

Review: Cairo in Chicago: Cairo Street at the World’s Columbian Exposition of 1893

Review: <i>Cairo in Chicago: Cairo Street at the World’s Columbian Exposition of 1893</i>

PRAGMATIC FUNCTIONS OF REPETITIONS IN NEWSPAPER INFORMATIONAL TEXTS

The scientific article continues the number of researches dealing with the theory of text. The author studies pragmatic functions of repetitions in informational newspaper texts, namely – in newspaper weather forecast reports of “The Washington Times”. The achievement of the goal mentioned above is subject to the fulfilment of the following tasks: it is necessary to characterize the elements of redundancy in newspaper weather forecast reports and to find the specific features of repetitions in such kind of texts. Moreover, the author analyzes such notions as ‘information’, ‘redundancy’, and ‘compression’. Linguists pay much attention to newspaper informational texts because Mass Media influence has been constantly strengthening and expanding. Nowadays Mass Media has become one of the greatest ‘influencers’ in the society. The topicality of the linguistic problem mentioned above is proved by the huge interest to the noise-resistant factors that are aimed at providing efficient transferring and obtaining information in the process of newspaper communication. Fundamental works of Ukrainian and foreign linguists in the fields of text theory, pragmalinguistics, cybernetics, and stylistics have served as the basis of the scientific article. Newspaper weather forecast reports are the object of the paper, and elements of redundancy in the given texts are the subject of the research. Repetition provides coherence in newspaper informational texts, focuses on the subject of report, and contributes to automatic remembering of information and its saving in long-run memory.

The functions of everyday life in the story of Y. Trifonov “Exchange” and ways of depicting it

This article proceeds from the fact that the function of everyday life in the work of Yu.V. Trifonov is determined by insufficient study, as well as the category of everyday detail itself: both in linguistic and literary works, there is a noticeable vagueness in terminology, in determining the specifics and boundaries of the detail. In linguistics, there are fluctuations from understanding a detail as a microelement of a work to including several sentences or an entire paragraph in it (the criterion is relative semantic completeness) and isolating a smaller element from the detail a detailed moment. Trifonov is scrupulous in describing the flesh of time: the appearance of household items, prices, portable items, apartment layouts. All people's connections are explicated through their life history. The author is alien to arbitrariness, the so-called artistic experiment. Trifonov's prose grows out of a memoir, a documentary testimony of an ordinary person living in history. For Trifonov, history is a closely woven network of such memoirs. Every little thing of life in Trifonov's art world is universal and multifunctional. Trifonov's multidirectional aspirations of the heroes are crossed on things; the thing checks the hero and organizes the plot. The dominant function of checking the hero enlarges the thing, gives it the status of a moral and philosophical key to the personality of the character, revealing his hidden moral potential or, on the contrary, depriving the hero of the mask of an intellectual. Thus, everyday detail, the particularity of human life, inconspicuous and at first glance insignificant, helps Trifonov to open the framework of the narrative and discover metaphysical depth in the structure of everyday life. Many critics have noted the fact that Trifonov's works are filled with everyday details, but their functions have still not been sufficiently considered.

Theolinguistics: justification of the term

The article aims to substantiate the expediency of using the term Theolinguistics for the nomination of a new linguistic discipline aimed at studying the interaction of language and religion. Critical analysis of theoretical literature has shown great terminological differences in linguistic works devoted to the study of language and religion such as: religious language, sacred language, the faith language, liturgical language, religious-preaching style, religious style, church-religious style, biblical style, ; confessional style, spiritual speech, religious communication, orthodox linguistics, religiolect, and Theolinguistics. This is conditioned by the following reasons: 1) the complex and multidimensional character of research, which should take into account the data of two spheres of knowledge: linguistics and theology; 2) blurring boundaries between object and subject of language units under study within the discipline investigating the problems language and religion interaction; 3) the uncertainty of the status and nomination of the discipline, aimed to study the relationships between language and religion; 4) inconsistency in the terminological apparatus and metalanguage of the discipline aimed to study the correlations between language and religion.&#x0D; The scientific novelty of the study is conditioned by critical analysis of a number of linguistic terms used in the theoretical research and scientific literature done in the framework of studying the relationships between language and religion. The results of the analysis of the linguistic literature on this issue show that in linguistic science the followings can be observed: 1) the usage of diverse terms in the researches aimed at studying the interaction of language and religion; 2) the ambiguity in the interpretation of a particular linguistic term used to indicate scientific problem related to language and religion interaction; 3) the need to develop a unified terminology in the field of research aimed to investigate the relationships between language and religion.