Work In Portugal Research Articles

Community Psychology and Public Policy: Research, Advocacy and Training in International Contexts

Community Psychology and Public Policy: Research, Advocacy and Training in International Contexts

O Goberno portugue�s contra Castelao: a aventura galega do CITAC

During the Academic Crisis of 1969 , the Circulo de Iniciacao Teatral da Academia de Coimbra in Portugal (CITAC) was working on the play Castelao e a sua epoca , directed by the Catalan Ricard Salvat. The play was banned by the Portuguese Police during the Estado Novo dictatorial regime, and the director was forced to leave the country. In this article I will analyse some of the artistic elements of this play, relating them to both Salvat’s work in Portugal and to the presence of Bertolt Brecht’s theories during the Portu guese dictatorship.

Serviço Social: profissão e ciência. Contributos para o debate científico nas ciências sociais

This article is intended to reflect the «Social Work» as an area of knowledge of the Social and Human Sciences in the framework of the organization of higher education in accordance with the guidelines of the Bologna Declaration. The unit of analysis is Social Work in Portugal. We address issues related to the academic debate on the scientific dimension of social work within the Social sciences, illustrating some significant affirmation milestones of Portuguese Social Work. We reflect on the principles and values that must accompany the contemporary scientific debate in terms of research, education and social work profession. We emphasize the importance of the Ph. D. degree in Social Work in the academic field but we also reflect on its consequences in the profession. We end up with a set of reflective perspectives on social work today, challenging the academy to formulate a new commitment between the University and the Social Organizations, strengthening and enhancing training through a supervised internship.

Thermal comfort criteria and building design: Field work in Portugal

The present paper focuses on the issue of thermal comfort adaptive criteria and its relevance to the implementation of passive design strategies, in the context of a field work carried out in Portugal. This field work involved monitoring and questionnaires in office buildings existing in Lisbon, as well as other types of buildings, such as homes for the elderly and educational buildings, during summer, winter and mid-season.

Perspectives on children’s work in the Algarve (Portugal) and their implications for social policy

After discussion of existing literature on children’s work in Portugal, the article presents findings from research carried out in the southern region of that country on social policy relating to child labour. Examination of children’s and parents’ views on children’s work suggests that the main discourse on child labour and the international policies it promotes are far from taking their complex realities into account. Problems that relate to poverty, access to education and professional training, as well as diverse views on childhood experience, make children’s work very important for some sectors of the European population.

Current fatigue and fracture research in Portugal

This issue is a sample of current work in Portugal on diverse topics within the broad field of fatigue, fracture, structural integrity and related areas. The common feature of the papers included is the authorship by researchers of several Portuguese universities and other organizations, although in some cases the articles include co-authors from other countries such as France, Romania, the United Kingdom and the United States. The work presented in this issue covers composites and metals, involving experimental and numerical tools and concepts. It includes papers on topics such as biaxial fatigue, welded connections, pressure vessels, rolling contact, and aspects of the fatigue behaviour of aluminium alloys. Structural integrity studies of gas turbine discs, exhaust pipes of naval turbines, fighter aircraft, and cold worked cracked holes for fuselage applications are presented. As far as composites are concerned, studies on interlaminar fracture, intralaminar cracking and fracture of composite co-cured joints are included. Fatigue and fracture research in Portugal is the subject of regular Portuguese Conferences on Fracture organized by the Sociedade Portuguesa de Materiais (SPM). The 9th edition of this series, started in 1983, took place in Setúbal on 18–20 February 2004, and was included in the calendar of the European Structural Integrity Society (ESIS). In parallel with these national events, which usually attract a number of experts from other countries, several international meetings already took place in Portugal. To give just two examples, the ESIS 6th International Conference on Biaxial/Multiaxial Fatigue and Fracture, Lisbon, 25–28 June 2001, and the early 5th European Conference on Fracture, 17–21 September 1984, organized in the context of the European Group on Fracture (predecessor of ESIS), may be mentioned. Joint events with the Spanish researchers—the Iberian conferences—are occasionally organized, and these started with an event in Braga in 1987. The active community of researchers in the field, and the natural good conditions, make Portugal an interesting location for organizing these scientific meetings as indicated by the 1st International Conference on Engineering Failure Analysis ICEFA-1, Lisbon, 12–14 July 2004, or proposed future events in the context of the European Mechanics Society (EUROMECH). A relatively small country of approximately 10 million inhabitants, Portugal has seen a substantial increase in research and development activities since the 1970s. This is a result of several factors, among which should be mentioned a large concentrated effort of training academic staff in foreign universities started in the beginning of 1970s. In the areas of interest for this journal, that policy was translated into practice by Professor Luciano Faria in Lisbon (Instituto Superior Técnico of the Universidade Técnica de Lisboa— IST), and by Professor Vasco Sá in Porto (Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto—FEUP). Among others, they led the selection and created conditions for the training of the first generations of experts in these fields, which took place principally in the United Kingdom and France. More recent decades witnessed the development of the research capacity in the country. In parallel there is an increasing internationalization of the activity, with frequent stays in Portuguese universities of post-doctoral researchers and visiting professors in the context of programmes such as the NATO post-doctoral scholarships or the U.S. Fulbright Commission, participation in European Union and other international R&D projects, and joint supervision of doctorates by Portuguese researchers in foreign universities, and by foreign researchers in Portuguese universities. The editors of Fatigue and Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures (FFEMS) approved in 2002 a suggestion for the publication of a special issue concerning research in Portugal. The result, now in the hands of the readers of the journal, is a series of papers that went through the usual refereeing process of this journal. I would like to express my gratitude to the authors and referees. As Guest Editor of this issue, I am indebted to the editors of FFEMS, and to Professor Eann Patterson in particular, for encouragement and interest in this project.

‘An Amateur Learns his Job’? Special Operations Executive in Portugal, 1940–42

During the first years of its existence, Special Operations Executive looked to neutral Europe as an area in which it could deploy its limited resources against German interests with a reasonable chance of success. By early 1942, however, it was clear that neutral Europe had failed to live up to SOE's expectations. Most of SOE's plans had either been aborted or cancelled. This article examines SOE's work in Portugal between early 1941 and summer 1942. During this period, SOE not only failed to achieve any of its objectives but also suffered the indignity of having its station in Lisbon exposed by the Portuguese and was ultimately forced to withdraw its officer from the country. The article argues that SOE's lack of success was due not so much to the practical difficulties it encountered in the field, or even the opposition of other departments in Whitehall, which did so much to blight its operations elsewhere in Europe, but to its failure to create a sustainable role within British political and military policies towards Portugal.

Healthy but mortal: human biology and the first farmers of western Europe

What do we know about the effects of the transition to agriculture on human biology? A literature has grown up that gives us the impression that we know a great deal about what happened to bones and teeth when people became sedentary farmers. A review of the sources of these ideas and the evidence supporting them, especially based on work in Portugal, reveals that a reconsideration of the biological consequences of farming in Europe is overdue.

New labour dynamics and the challenge of work-life balance

Considering the recent labour market dynamics, this article explores the main patterns of women’s employment, including working time flexibility and the high incidence of temporary work in Portugal. It also stresses the main changes in working and employment conditions in the new service sectors (ranging from the high-intensive knowledge ICT to the call centres and the new retail sector), thereby discussing the implications for women in terms of the organisation of their family life. The main argument is that flexibleworking time schedules not only have ambiguous (and even contradictory) effects on gender relations; they also originate difficulties inwork-family life balance and reinforce social inequalities among women.

Local and Community Power in Angola

N 1964-65 a study of contemporary Portuguese Africa was initiated by the Gulbenkian Foundation of Lisbon and carried out by a team of American and English specialists. As part of the study the author was commissioned to examine the institutions and processes of local government and public administration in that part of the world.' The terms and conditions of the study made it possible for the author to test the validity of two propositions concerning the political process in an authoritarian society during two months of field work in Portugal, Angola and Mozambique. The propositions tested are the following: 1. As distinct from the attempt in totalitarian societies to destroy competing foci of power and construct a monistic social structure, the political process in authoritarian societies is identical with that of democratic societies with the exception of the power of bloc voting in the latter. 2. In authoritarian societies the state (government and bureaucracy) is clearly seen as a distinct power aggregate different in function but not different in kind from other power aggregates operating in society and engaged in the political process. This is in distinction to the confusion that arises between the state and society itself, and which occurs in both totalitarian and democratic societies in totalitarian societies because of the conscious effort to identify the two and make them in fact identical, and in democratic societies because the directing group in the state, the government, is chosen by society at large or by some part of it.2 The overseas territories of Portugal are divided into provinces, of which five are in Africa, the two most important by far being Angola and Mozambique. Policy decisions covering all of the overseas provinces are made by the Overseas Ministry in Lisbon, subject to the approval of the Prime Minister, who is ultimately

João Frederico Ludovice an Eighteenth Century Architect in Portugal

In the reign of D. Joao V of Portugal,1 Lisbon witnessed the triumphal career of a German architect, Joao Frederico Ludovice, trained in Rome, who by the force of his talents and the influence which he enjoyed with the sovereign, directed the architecture of the court. Contemporary Portuguese architects, inadequately trained in a degenerated Renaissance school, hopelessly behind the times, could not oppose him. He was for a long time the only architect at Lisbon capable of carrying out the great royal commissions with which the king entrusted him. Later he dominated the Italian architects of renown who were invited by D. Joao V to work in Portugal. Ludovice exercised so profound an influence that any study of Portuguese architecture in the eighteenth century must necessarily begin with a consideration of his own accomplishments. But to establish the importance of his contribution some idea must first be given of the state of architecture at the beginning of D. Joao V's long reign.