Work In Croatia Research Articles

MOTIVATION OF CROATIAN HEALTH WORKERS TO GO ABROAD

Introduction: Prior to Croatia's accession to the European Union, nurses could be employed in Germany under an agreement between the German Federal Agency and the Croatian Employment Service. Following Croatia's accession to the European Union in 2015, thelabor market has become more accessible and open. Objective: Explore the motivation of Croatian health workers to go abroad.Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted. The study was conducted using a survey consisting of 29 questions and involving a total of 102 respondents, and three interviews were conducted for research purposes. Results: The participants attend retraining to ensure a better future for their children abroad (38.1 %), to find a good, steady and better paid job (23.5 %) and to obtain a dignified pension (63.7 %). As the main reason for emigration, respondents cite corruption and injustice (65.7 %), non-arrangement of the state (59.8 %), while seeing the biggest problem in leaving the family (20.6 %). At the end of 2019 Croatia was abandoned by 1,438 nurses, mainly due to poor working conditions and dissatisfaction with the material conditions of work in Croatia. This trend included other health professionals. Conclusion: The main factor for the emigration of health professionals is the political organization of the state, which is manifested by corruption and injustice, clientelism, political affiliation, and replaces man's knowledge, ability, skill, value and dignity. Keywords: motivation, departure, health professionals, abroad

Recentna imigracija radne snage u Hrvatsku: razmjeri, trendovi, obilježja

The paper aims to analyse the determinants of international migration among the Croatian population in the recent period following Croatia's entry into the European Union in 2013, with a special focus on the increased immigration to Croatia. The fundamental assumption is that, in addition to emigration from Croatia, the immigration of foreign workers to Croatia is also on the rise. This influx is primarily from economically less developed Asian and African countries. Meanwhile, immigration from the traditional workforce pool, the area of Southeastern Europe, is decreasing significantly. However, this region remains relatively the dominant source of migrants. Workforce immigration to Croatia has been singled out as a separate research unit, which not only examines the scale and basic characteristics of “foreigners” in Croatia but also provides an overview of the factors conditioning the existing relations within the labour market in Croatia. Demographic trends at the state level have significantly affected changes in the working-age and active population in Croatia. This includes a reduction in the work potential of the resident population. In addition to these established changes, other challenges in the labour market, primarily educational and profile-related, can be singled out. In addition to the reduction in the number of the working-age population, there is a structural mismatch between the current supply and demand for jobs. This mismatch results in either a shortage or a surplus of workers in certain industries, consequently contributing to the overall increase in general unemployment among the resident population and/or the need to compensate for the lack of labour through “import”. In 2015, Croatia experienced a very high unemployment rate, close to 43%, among young people up to the age of 25. This figure was twice as high as the average for EU member states. Additionally, there was a significant number of young people in Croatia who were not active in the labour market. Despite having no obstacles and not being included in the education and/ or training system, these individuals were not actively seeking employment either (Obadić, 2017). The total number of persons who immigrated to Croatia from 2016 to 2022 slightly exceeds 220,000, with 70% of them being foreigners. Furthermore, a much faster relative increase in the immigration of foreign citizens was observed compared to the immigration of Croatian citizens, especially in 2021 and 2022. The relative share of 84% of immigrants of working age confirms the assumption that it is primarily a question of workforce migration. This statistical evidence suggests that the arrival of foreigners to work in Croatia constitutes a significant portion of this migration. According to the total number of foreigners who immigrated to Croatia and their country of origin, three geographical areas stand out: other European countries (countries outside the EEA) with almost 67%, Asian countries (14,35%) and European Union countries with 13,66%. The largest relative increase in immigration was registered from Asia. However, in absolute terms, more than 105,000 foreigners immigrated to Croatia from other European countries, primarily from BiH, Serbia, Albania, Kosovo, North Macedonia, etc. (2016–2022). The analysis of external migration from 2016 to today indicates a number of changes in migration processes, including their character, nature, volume, etc. They will affect the main sources of foreign labour in Croatia, signalling the beginning of the substitution of the traditional, regional labour pool with new emitting areas, i.e. workers from economically disadvantaged Asian and African countries. In 2021, the majority of foreigners, accounting for 35%, immigrated to the City of Zagreb and Zagreb County, while 37% chose the six “Adriatic” counties, mostly Split-Dalmatia, Istria, and Primorje-Gorski Kotar County. Although foreign immigration is significantly lower in other counties, the noteworthy achievement of a positive migration balance “with foreigners” in all counties in 2021 confirms the assumption that this determinant will increasingly impact the total balance of counties with foreign countries. In the last three years, slightly more than 31,000 requests from citizens of EEA member states for temporary residence in Croatia were approved. However, based on the purpose of stay, only 7,000 requests were approved for work in Croatia. From 2017 to 2020, 26,500 people met the conditions for permanent residence in Croatia, predominantly Germans, Slovenians, Italians and Austrians of retirement age who are extensively investing in real estate along the Adriatic. In conclusion, it should be noted how the two characteristic processes of increased immigration to Croatia in the last 5 years differ. The immigration of foreigners from non-European countries is primarily related to labour force migration, which is still in its early stages. On the other hand, there is the specific immigration of citizens of EU member states who, in their retirement age, immigrate to Croatia without work potential. The absolute and relative relations between these two groups will ultimately affect the total migration balance of “foreigners”

Platform Work as an Important New Form of Labour in Croatia

Abstract Recently, developments in digital technology have fuelled the emergence of online platforms that match the supply and demand of goods and services. In most European countries, platform work is still small, but it is strongly and rapidly developing. The types of work offered through platforms are ever-increasing, as are the challenges for existing regulatory frameworks. However, we still know very little about platform work, and there is a lack of understanding of the challenges regarding the working conditions and social protection of platform workers. Employers’ and employees’ organizations so far have no sharp solutions, and the Croatian government seems to prioritize other political issues. Although stakeholders are usually informed, the discussion about regulating platform employment and its possible widespread persistence has not started yet in the majority of EU countries. Particular attention in this paper is dedicated to the situation and determinants of platform work in Croatia.

Диалогът Гундрум – Вазов. Издателски (ре)конструкции

About Ivan Vazov everything seems to have been researched, written and published. Among the many literary criticisms devoted to his life and work, as well as documentary publications, the relationships with his translators and foreign publishers, to whom I believe we have a cultural and moral duty, are very rarely mentioned. However, the correspondence between him and the Croat Fran Gundrum-Oriovac stands out among all. No one else has translated as many of Vazov's works as this Croatian writer. Unfortunately, the acquaintance with Fran Gundrum's archive is indirect, but I would venture to focus on his translation practice, the regulation of relations between the two, their long-term cooperation and the reception of Vazov's work in Croatia. The proposed interpretation of the “File” does not claim to exhaust the relationship between the two. Our task is based on the personal correspondence published in Volume 10 of the Bulletin of the Institute of Literature of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences in 1961 between Dr. Fran Gundrum and Ivan Vazov – to try to reconstruct the translation and publishing strategies of Fran Gundrum.

From management to student

The paper presents the results of research on human rights conducted during 2018 and 2019 at faculties of teacher education and studies of psychology, pedagogy, and social work in Croatia. The aim of the research was to examine the representation of human rights learning outcomes in these studies, with a special emphasis on children’s rights, children’s participation, and the concept of the child as an active citizen, common in the discourse of the contemporary childhood paradigm. The research was conducted by using the mixed methods approach. Triangulation with three different sources of respondents was applied: a survey with university teachers, interviews with representatives of study programs, and a survey with students, where all types of data in the analysis were treated as equal. Different types of data showed unequal perspectives between institutional actors, but also similarities of the university population with other levels of the education system.

Why Doesn't Capitalism Work in Croatia?

Why Doesn't Capitalism Work in Croatia?

Architecture competition proposals in the body of work of the KKK Group (1931–1939) in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia

Jovan Korka, Đorđe Krekić and Georg Kiverov are important protagonists of modern Croatian architecture. The three architects worked together in the KKK Group (name derived from their last names) between 1931 and 1939 in Zagreb. During this period, “the group” produced an impressive mass of work including the realisation of public and residential buildings in Croatia and the region; participated in competitions in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia with brilliant design solutions; held exhibitions and published several professional papers. Famous from the beginning of their professional work in Croatia's capital, in the second half of the 1920s, they were forgotten after WWII. Their names emerged in almost every compilation or architectural guide of modern Croatian architecture due to the built edifices that were the outcome of the member's efforts in competitions, and yet for a long time, very little was known about the authors and especially about the KKK Group. Only recently is their body of work being studied systematically. This article deals with competition projects, the unexplored body of work of the Group, and a crucial part in their success. In twenty instances of participation in competitions currently known, in only eight years of collaboration, the group was awarded 14 times (individually and jointly), often with one of the first three awards. A chronological overview of competition participation and a more detailed analysis of five available joint competition entries was carried out as a contribution to the valorisation of the body of work of these important and yet forgotten protagonists of modern architecture in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and especially in Croatia.

Nonstandard Work in Croatia: Challenges and Perspectives in Selected Sectors

Nonstandard Work in Croatia: Challenges and Perspectives in Selected Sectors

The Extent and Nature of Undeclared Work in Croatia

This paper provides a detailed review of the extent and nature of undeclared work in Croatia. Reporting a range of datasets including the 2007 and 2013 Eurobarometer surveys on undeclared work, as well as the 2015 GREY household and business surveys on undeclared work, this report outlines the varieties of undeclared work, the demand for undeclared goods and services and the motives underpinning such demand, the supply of undeclared work including who supplies such work and their motives for doing so, and for the first time, the perceptions of business about the extent and nature of undeclared work in their sectors. The resultant outcome is an overview of not only the magnitude of undeclared work in Croatia, along with the varieties of undeclared work, but also the distribution of such work across the population and economy, along with the motives underpinning engagement in the undeclared economy.

Undeclared Economic Activities of Croatian Companies: Findings from a Representative Survey of 521 Companies

This report presents the findings of a survey on undeclared economic practices undertaken by Croatian companies. In order to obtain the rigorous evidence on undeclared work in Croatia, we previously investigated citizens’ experiences with undeclared work and the practice of envelope wages. With this representative survey of 521 companies, we focus on frequency of company engagement in the undeclared economy. Four out of ten survey respondents estimate that 20% to 50% of trade in their sector is undeclared, while more than one quarter (21.8%) believe that this percentage is higher than 50%. Only one sixth of survey respondents state that the percentage of trade in their sector conducted through the undeclared economy is less than 10%. 40% of respondents believe that 20% to 50% of employees in their sector are working without a contract, while 11.8% estimate that this percentage is greater than 50%. One quarter of the company representatives (26.12%) think that less than 10% of employees in their sector do not have contracts. More than half of the survey respondents (59.3%) believe that the extent of envelope wages in their sector is between 20% and 50%, while 17% deem that underreporting of salaries is higher than 50%. A little less than one quarter (23.8%) of respondents evaluated that envelope wage practices are not widespread in their industry and that they represent less than 20% of salaries. Administrative and support service and accommodation and food service activities are at the top of the list of sectors that always apply the practice of envelope wages. On the other side, such a practice is never applied in a significant number of companies in arts, entertainment and recreation and in education. Regarding the characteristic years in business, mentioned behaviour is less prevalent in companies with business activity from one to three years and from four to ten years. Almost a half (47.28%) of survey respondents believe that the proportion of the total wage payments that are paid unofficially is in the 20-50% range of the total wage payments, while around 16% state that this percentage is greater than 50% and another 16% stated that the range is between 10% and 20%. A little over one fifth (21.2%) of respondents evaluate that such undeclared payments represent less than 10% of total wage payments. According to views of the surveyed firm representatives, the most important reason for companies in Croatia underreporting salaries of their employees is the intention to keep labour costs down, followed by longer working hours. All different types of misbehaviour among the competitors, except illicit exporting/importing of goods, false documentation or no documentation, happens in 50% to 60% of the cases. In addition, 42.64% of the interviewed representatives think that illicit exporting or importing never happens, while 17.16% assessed that this behaviour happens in almost all cases. Regarding the VAT fraud, almost half of the interviewed representatives (49.39%) stated that it happens sometimes, while 28.61% never observed such behaviour. This similar structure of responses was found for hiding, not paying taxes, duties and/or excises - more than a half of the interviewed representatives stated that this happens sometimes, while 23.4% believed that it never happens. Overall, the survey respondents widely agreed with the majority of measures for tackling undeclared economic activities undertaken by companies, therefore supporting a combination of various policies and measures. The majority of the interviewed representatives (53.73%) supported the notion that companies, which employ undeclared workers, under-report salaries or have outstanding social security payments should be banned from participation in public tenders and should not receive subsidies. Furthermore, 44.05% of companies believe that by simplifying the processes for hiring workers on small or occasional jobs would reduce undeclared work. In contrast, less than 20% of the surveyed participants think that public exposure of undeclared work and/or awareness campaigns about the negative consequences of operating unregistered would result in significant reduction in the undeclared economy.

Non-standard work in Croatia since the outbreak of the crisis: challenges and responses in selected sectorsHrvoje Butković and Višnja SamardžijaNon-standard work in Croatia since the outbreak of the crisis

SEER Journal for Labour and Social Affairs in Eastern Europe , Seite 5 - 22

Youth Work in Croatia: Collecting Pieces for a Mosaic

This article explores the historical development of youth work in Croatia. By drawing from available data and personal experience, we describe three key phases of youth work development in a post-conflict country: (a) the period of the early 1990s as a “direct peace building" youth work; (b) the rise of nonformal education during the mid and late 1990s; and (c) the growth of a networked youth sector and its focus on youth policy advocacy starting in 2000. In addition, we refer to today's context, particularly because of its project-management orientation. Such categorization highlights various practices that we consider to represent youth work in a specific and contested national framework. Work with young people with fewer opportunities is being presented as a case, building on our observation that contemporary youth work continues to be embedded in civil society development and nonformal education, facing challenges of funding-driven discourse and unsystematic support.

AONE Continues Work in Croatia, Developing Leaders

AONE Continues Work in Croatia, Developing Leaders

Undeclared Work in Croatia: A Baseline Assessment

Undeclared Work in Croatia: A Baseline Assessment

Public perceptions of social workers and social work in the Republic of Croatia

Throughout the war and the post‐war period, the field of social work in Croatia has developed at an accelerated rate. The involvement and assistance from international agencies and individuals created numerous fora for exchange, collaboration and mutual learning among all the helping professions. The research process represented a collaborative effort of faculty, lecturers and students in the Study Center for Social Work in the University of Zagreb's Faculty of Law. The sample was convenient, composed mainly of the urban population of Croatia. The instrument consists of two main parts, one regarding the content of a social worker's work, and the other regarding the attitudes toward that profession. We believe that the results of our study demonstrate that social work, as a profession, is relatively well known among the citizens of Croatia. Those markers pertaining to the attitude towards social work profession, which are negative in nature, are ranked by our participants as lowest in importance on the scale.

Ethnicity, forced migration and psychosocial work in Croatia

This article outlines the development of psycho‐social work with refugees and displaced persons in Croatia, in the context of war and large‐scale forced migration. The article, which is based upon original research on refugees and displaced persons in Croatia,1 considers the dominance of ethnicized nationalism within Croatia, examines the role of global agencies and how psychosocial programmes influence aspects of ethnicity. It ends with some recommendations for the development of an anti‐nationalistic psychosocial work approach in complex emergencies and wider forms of intervention.

Developing your skills in transcultural training

This article considers what social workers may have to contribute in a training role in situations of refugee crises overseas. It is in the form of an open letter to a British social worker who was preparing to work in Croatia. It explores the possibilities of combining Western therapeutic techniques with local and culturally appropriate approaches to community development. The article stresses the need to acknowledge and address the emotional impact of the work and the workers' own concerns, and discusses the kind of on-going support needed by workers. Teaching methods and course content are considered, with a view to creating a safe atmosphere and an interesting programme, taking into account cultural considerations. The article is of relevance to social workers in a variety of roles in the UK which might broadly be termed training, as well as to the more specific circumstances which form its focus.