Work Habits Research Articles

The Influence of the Integrated Preschool Adaptive Curriculum on Children's Readiness For First-grade Registration

A framework law on preschool education in Bosnia and Herzegovina from 2007 requires all preschool institutions to apply and practice inclusion as well as the compulsory preschool education in a year before children start school. The same law emphasizes that children with developmental disabilities should be included in preschool institutions according to programs adapted to their individual needs. Namely, the goal of applying inclusion in kindergartens is directed towards giving every child the opportunity to progress following their abilities. In that sense, to realize inclusion it is necessary to provide important preassumptions such as curriculum, methods of work, didactic tools, professionally educated team, and permanent assistants in individual assistance. Children with developmental difficulties deal with additional discrimination because most preschool institutions do not have the above-mentioned preassumptions for work and they are often excluded from the educational process. To find the solution to this problem, the focus of this paper is aimed at choosing a curriculum that will enable each child with an equal opportunity in life. In this context, a group of experts who completed the Montessori specialization have created the Integrated Preschool Adaptive Curriculum (IPAC) that is intended for inclusive kindergarten groups. The basis for its development was the contextual and dynamic assessment of abilities, knowledge, and skills of children who attended kindergarten a year earlier and worked according to the methodology of Montessori teaching and techniques. In this paper, we intend to present the results of a three-year study that was based on examining the impact of the Integrated Preschool Adaptive Curriculum (IPAC) on children's readiness to go to school. Readiness in this context considers reaching a certain degree of maturity in cognitive, socio-emotional, and physical development as well as in specific abilities in the cultural, hygienic, and work habits domain.

PENINGKATAN KETERAMPILAN TUKANG BAGI MASYARAKAT PROVINSI BANTEN MELALUI EDUKASI VOKASI PROGRAM KOTA TANPA KUMUH DI UNIVERSITAS BANTEN JAYA

Banten Province consists of four districts and four cities, namely: Pandeglang Regency, Lebak Regency, Tangerang Regency, Serang Regency, Tangerang City, Cilegon City, Serang City, and South Tangerang City. With population growth data continues to increase It is KOTAKU Program conducting training activities in collaboration with universities Of Banten Jaya University. city without slums (Kotaku) program is one of the strategic efforts of the Directorate General of Copyright Works of the Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing target training for citizens who are oriented on improving skills, skills, knowledge, attitudes, work habits that drive towards improving the quality of infrastructure built and developing community sustainability Building builder training activities were carried out for 4 days on December 1 - 4, 2020 with a total of 30 participants with indoor and outdoor learning methods in practical materials. Implementation of K3 in work, foundation work, repair work, installation work, wood horse making work, as well as stucco work as training material. The results of the evaluation of the participants showed improvement in understanding the skills of the craftsmen but this skill must be coupled with continued training in the field so that the need for coaching and involved participants in other infrastructure projects

Effect of lockdown on activities of daily living in the built environment and wellbeing.

In an effort to arrest the spread of coronavirus (COVID-19) infection, a nationwide lockdown was declared in India in March 2020. To assess how personal built environments affected the citizens in the first few weeks, an explorative online survey was conducted, eliciting responses about work habits before the lockdown, psychological wellbeing, time spent in various activities, characteristics of those who worked from home, and food and sleep patterns. We received 121 (76 male and 45 female) responses with an average age of 35.5 years [max: 70 years, min: 18 years, standard deviation (SD): 12.9 years]. The major difference caused by the lockdown was a reduction in the time taken and distance travelled of the commute to workplaces, which was an average of 30 minutes and 9.5 km, respectively. In terms of diet, subjects who were vegetarian did not experience any difference, unlike those who were non-vegetarians (p < 0.05). The results show an association of the dependent variable of 'feeling in general' with predictor variables of 'energy, pep, vitality' and 'feel healthy to work' during the pandemic, whereas the predictor variables of 'energy, pep, vitality', 'happy and satisfied personal life', 'feel healthy to work' show an association with the dependent variable of 'feeling in general' before the lockdown with a significance of p < 0.02 and R2 = 0.51 and R2 = 0.60, respectively. Among those who worked from home in constrained environments, people found spaces and seemed to adapt reasonably well to the built environment with employees showing a preference for working from bedrooms and students for working from 'sit-out' (outside) spaces (p < 0.05). There was no change in the quality or quantity of sleep during the lockdown. This study in the early weeks of the lockdown documents the way in which individuals lived through it in terms of the built environment at home.

The prevalence of upper quadrants work-related musculoskeletal disorders and their predictors among registered nurses

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) represent a significant health challenge facing nurses. However, very few studies investigated the prevalence of WMSDs among nurses and their predictors comprehensively using a valid and reliable set of standardized outcome measures. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence WMSDs of upper quadrants and their predictors among registered nurses in Jordanian hospitals. A cross-sectional study recruited 597 registered nurses from different hospitals in Jordan. A self-administered survey distributed in targeted hospitals wards. Outcome measures included Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ), Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), sociodemographic data, and manual handling and work habits. Prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints was reported using descriptive analysis. Logistic regression analyses were used to identify predictors of WMSDs at each upper quadrant body site. Twelve-month WMSDs prevalence was the highest at the neck (61.1%), followed by the upper back (47.2%), shoulders (46.7%), wrist and hands (27.3%), and finally at the elbow (13.9%). Being a female, poor sleep quality, high physical activity level, poor ergonomics, increased workload, and mental stress were significant predictors of increased upper quadrant WMSDs among nurses. Upper quadrant WMSDs among nurses in Jordan are highly prevalent. Identified significant predictors of these WMSDs should be given full consideration by clinicians and health policymakers. Future studies are needed to reveal the progressive nature of upper quadrant WMSDs and strategies to modify their risk factors.

Illegitimate tasks in health care: Illegitimate task types and associations with occupational well-being.

The aims of the study were to identify content categories of unreasonable and unnecessary illegitimate tasks and to investigate how unreasonable and unnecessary tasks relate to occupational wellbeing. Illegitimate tasks are a common stressor among healthcare professionals, and they have been shown to have negative associations with occupational well-being. Despite this evidence, research has not yet uncovered what kinds of tasks healthcare professionals consider illegitimate. The data gathered by means of an online survey consisted of 1024 municipal healthcare organisation employees. A theory-driven qualitative content analysis was used to analyse freely reported illegitimate tasks. For occupational well-being associations, a mixed-methods approach was used (ANCOVA and linear regression analysis). The STROBE statement-checklist for cross-sectional studies was used. Eight content categories were found for illegitimate tasks. For unreasonable tasks, these were (1) tasks outside one's occupational role (78% of all unreasonable tasks), (2) conflicting or unclear demands (9%), (3) tasks with insufficient resources (8%) and (4) tasks with difficult consequences (5%), and for unnecessary tasks, these were (1) impractical or outdated working habits (31% of all unnecessary tasks), (2) tasks related to dysfunctional technology (30%), (3) unnecessary procedures (27%) and (4) tasks related to bureaucratic demands (12%). Unreasonable and unnecessary tasks were associated with higher levels of burnout and lower work engagement and the meaningfulness of work. Our findings support the theory that illegitimate tasks are an occupational stressor with negative effects on burnout, work engagement and meaningfulness of work. The study offers insights into the types of tasks health care employees see as illegitimate and highlights the importance of good job design in promoting occupational well-being in health care.

Internet-Based Individualized Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Shift Work Sleep Disorder Empowered by Well-Being Prediction: Protocol for a Pilot Study.

BackgroundShift work sleep disorders (SWSDs) are associated with the high turnover rates of nurses, and are considered a major medical safety issue. However, initial management can be hampered by insufficient awareness. In recent years, it has become possible to visualize, collect, and analyze the work-life balance of health care workers with irregular sleeping and working habits using wearable sensors that can continuously monitor biometric data under real-life settings. In addition, internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for psychiatric disorders has been shown to be effective. Application of wearable sensors and machine learning may potentially enhance the beneficial effects of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy.ObjectiveIn this study, we aim to develop and evaluate the effect of a new internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for SWSD (iCBTS). This system includes current methods such as medical sleep advice, as well as machine learning well-being prediction to improve the sleep durations of shift workers and prevent declines in their well-being.MethodsThis study consists of two phases: (1) preliminary data collection and machine learning for well-being prediction; (2) intervention and evaluation of iCBTS for SWSD. Shift workers in the intensive care unit at Mie University Hospital will wear a wearable sensor that collects biometric data and answer daily questionnaires regarding their well-being. They will subsequently be provided with an iCBTS app for 4 weeks. Sleep and well-being measurements between baseline and the intervention period will be compared.ResultsRecruitment for phase 1 ended in October 2019. Recruitment for phase 2 has started in October 2020. Preliminary results are expected to be available by summer 2021.ConclusionsiCBTS empowered with well-being prediction is expected to improve the sleep durations of shift workers, thereby enhancing their overall well-being. Findings of this study will reveal the potential of this system for improving sleep disorders among shift workers.Trial RegistrationUMIN Clinical Trials Registry UMIN000036122 (phase 1), UMIN000040547 (phase 2); https://tinyurl.com/dkfmmmje, https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000046284International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)DERR1-10.2196/24799

Households’ Food Waste Behavior at Local Scale: A Cluster Analysis after the COVID-19 Lockdown

The reduction of food waste, especially in households where more than half of its global quantity is generated, has become an increasing economic, social and environmental concern, and represents one of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals within the Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development. In this context, the COVID-19 lockdown has significantly changed life, work and food consumption habits all over the world, highlighting food waste as a multi-sectorial issue. This paper explores current attitudes, perception and behavioral patterns related to food waste reduction at domestic consumption at the local scale (Apulia region, Italy), with the aim of identifying different types of “food wasters”. Through an online questionnaire and the application of a k-means clustering model, the authors focus on four emerging constructs in terms of food consumption and food waste habits after the COVID-19 lockdown at household level. Among three theoretical clusters, results have highlighted: (i) the paradox of the “green wasters”, which declared a high level of awareness of the food waste issue but also generates huge amounts of thrown away food; (ii) the “positive unawareness” of the “red wasters”, which have a slight notion of environment and sustainability but waste low quantities of food; (iii) the consistency of the “blue wasters”, which know of the food waste issue and convert theory into practice.

Work Habit-Related Sleep Debt; Insights From Factor Identification Analysis of Actigraphy Data.

The present study investigates the factors of “Weekday sleep debt (WSD)” by comparing activity data collected from persons with and without WSD. Since it has been reported that the amount of sleep debt as well the difference between the social clock and the biological clock is associated with WSD, specifying the factors of WSD other than chronotype may contribute to sleep debt prevention. We recruited 324 healthy male employees working at the same company and collected their 1-week wrist actigraphy data and answers to questionnaires. Because 106 participants were excluded due to measurement failure of the actigraphy data, the remaining 218 participants were included in the analysis. All participants were classified into WSD or non-WSD groups, in which persons had WDS if the difference between their weekend sleep duration and the mean weekday sleep duration was more than 120 min. We evaluated multiple measurements derived from the collected actigraphy data and trained a classifier that predicts the presence of WSD using these measurements. A support vector machine (SVM) was adopted as the classifier. In addition, to evaluate the contribution of each indicator to WSD, permutation feature importance was calculated based on the trained classifier. Our analysis results showed significant importance of the following three out of the tested 32 factors: (1) WSD was significantly related to persons with evening tendency. (2) Daily activity rhythms and sleep were less stable in the WSD group than in the non-WSD group. (3) A specific day of the week had the highest importance in our data, suggesting that work habit contributes to WSD. These findings indicate some WSD factors: evening chronotype, instability of the daily activity rhythm, and differences in work habits on the specific day of the week. Thus, it is necessary to evaluate the rhythms of diurnal activities as well as sleep conditions to identify the WSD factors. In particular, the diurnal activity rhythm influences WSD. It is suggested that proper management of activity rhythm may contribute to the prevention of sleep debt.

Does a Career in Orthopaedic Surgery Affect a Woman's Fertility?

Orthopaedic surgery lags behind other specialties in the recruitment of women. Concerns about fertility, pregnancy, and childbearing may be a deterrent to women when considering orthopaedic surgery as a specialty. An anonymous 168-item survey was distributed to the members of Ruth Jackson Orthopedic Society and the Women in Orthopaedics, an online group exclusive to female orthopaedic surgeons. Respondents were queried regarding family planning, contraceptive length of use, fertility, perinatal work habits, age and stage at each pregnancy, pregnancy complications, and miscarriages. Eight hundred one surveys were collected. Seven hundred fifty (94%) expressed interest in having children of their own, with 60% having at least one child at the time of the survey. The average maternal age at birth of the first child was 33.6 ± 3.6 years. Voluntary childlessness was reported by 6% (49/801) of survey respondents. Eighteen percent of this group stated that their choice as an orthopaedic surgeon served as a barrier to having children. Among those with children, childbearing was intentionally delayed by 53% because of their career choice (425/801). Fifty-two percent did not conceive their first child until the end of their training. Complications during pregnancy were reported among 24%. A total of 853 children were conceived by this cohort with assisted reproductive technology being used 106 times. Miscarriages were reported by 38% (304/801). Of those who miscarried, only 28% informed their employer and 8% took time off during or immediately after their miscarriage. Most respondents desire to have children but two-thirds delay doing so because of their career choice and its demands. Having a family is an important part of life for many orthopaedic surgeons, and our study provides an updated description of the fertility and pregnancy characteristics of female orthopaedic surgeons to help guide present and future surgeons in their family planning.

Sleep quality and its predictors among hospital-based nurses: a cross-sectional study.

Sleep disorders are common among nurses and may have negative effects on their performance and well-being. This study aimed to investigate the level of sleep quality and its possible associated factors among hospital-based nurses in Jordan. A cross-sectional design targeting Jordanian hospital-based nurses. In addition to demographics and work habits, the outcome measures included Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ), and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS). Data were analyzed descriptively and by a multiple variable linear regression analysis to identify predictors of sleep quality. In total, 597 nurses with a mean age of 32.1 (± 5.7) years participated in this study and 47% were men. PSQI mean score was 7.8 (± 3.7) and 68% of the participants showed sleep quality deficits. Stress (β = 0.15 [95%CI 0.13 to 0.19, P < 0.001), depression (β = 0.05 [95%CI 0.009 to 0.08], P = 0.015), the number of joints with 12 months musculoskeletal pain (β = 0.25 [95%CI 0.15 to 0.36], P < 0.001) positively predicted decreased sleep quality. Manual handling training (β = - 0.48 [95%CI -0.96 to 0.003], P = 0.048) and years of experience (β = - 0.05 [95%CI -0.09 to 0.002], P = 0.039) negatively predicted decreased sleep quality. Nurses reported poor levels of sleep quality, high levels of mental health symptoms, and musculoskeletal pain complaints. Sleep quality among nurses and its predictors should be carefully considered by administrations of healthcare services.

An analysis of participation factors and effects of the active labour market measure Graduate practice in Slovakia – Counterfactual approach

The paper presents the results of the evaluation of the selected active labour market policy measure “Contribution to the Graduate practice” in Slovakia. The measure is of a voluntary nature and its main aim is to prevent long-term unemployment among young people and to support a competitive ability of young school-leavers and thus their employability and sustainability in the labour market through the acquisition of work experience, professional skills and work habits. In the study, we analyse the selected characteristics of young jobseekers who participated in this measure in 2016 and their counterfactuals who did not participate. In addition to 2016, the observed period includes a subsequent 2 years – the individual impact period of the measure for each participant, i.e. the years 2017 and 2018. We evaluated the effects of the measure by applying the exact matching of treated and non-treated individuals using the outcome variables, namely wages and placement in the labour market in the impact period of the measure. The results indicate that the Graduate practice had a positive impact on the employability and sustainability of its participants, but rather in short-term or maximum long-term. Regarding the wage levels referring to the financial appraisal of the participants of the measure, the results suggest that non-treated individuals were better financially evaluated and so the Graduate practice did not guarantee better salary to its participants. The findings of the study are important in the setting of conditions of the measure for future periods in order to achieve its better functioning and efficiency in the way of proper targeting, more efficient use of funds, and for a system of their redistribution.

Using the Work Behaviour Inventory and Work Environment Impact Scale to measure employment sustainability for people with severe mental illness in a vocational rehabilitation program.

People with severe mental illness often have difficulty sustaining employment. Work Behaviour Inventory and Work Environment Impact Scale are vocational assessments used by occupational therapists to evaluate the facilitators and barriers of work performance and work environment respectively. These factors may have an impact on job tenure and can inform occupational therapy practice. This study analysed retrospective data of 85 clients who attended a 3-month Employment Internship Program from August 2016 to August 2017. Scores from Work Behaviour Inventory and Work Environment Impact Scale were analysed for associations with job tenure. Repeated measures were used to determine significant changes in Work Behaviour Inventory composite scores across the 3months. One-month Work Behaviour Inventory composite scores, three Work Behaviour Inventory domains (cooperativeness, work habits, work quality), and three Work Environment Impact Scale domains (time demands, supervisor interaction, architecture) were significantly associated with job tenure. Significant differences in mean job tenure were also found between participants of different internship status. However, these factors did not predict job tenure in regression analysis. There were significant improvements in Work behaviour Inventory composite scores from the first to third month. Work behaviours such as cooperativeness, work habits, and work quality as well as work characteristics such as time demands, supervisor interaction, and workplace architecture may play a role in influencing job tenure. Occupational therapists may consider such factors and provide more targeted interventions to effectively sustain employment.

A Beginner's Guide to Conducting Reproducible Research

A Beginner's Guide to Conducting Reproducible Research

A Study on the Relationship between Working Patterns and Health Conditions and Eating Habits of Workers in the Gyeongnam Area

A Study on the Relationship between Working Patterns and Health Conditions and Eating Habits of Workers in the Gyeongnam Area

Determinants of school choice and their relation to success to the institution: a comparative study between public and private schools in Bangladesh

PurposeThis paper aims to identify the determinants of school choice and factors that define the success of a school as perceived by the parents and then compare “Public” and “Private” schools with respect to the explored criteria to determine the strengths and weaknesses of the institutions.Design/methodology/approachThe study is based on 1,121 quantitative data collected through survey questionnaire from the parents living in urban areas of Bangladesh. The school choice model was developed and validated by applying structural equation modeling.FindingsThis paper offers a statistically significant, robust and reliable five-dimensional 23-item school choice model that includes both school characteristics and preferred outcomes as perceived by the parents. Characteristic-wise comparisons in terms of characteristics revealed that public schools are superior to private institutions in fulfilling several choice criteria such as parents–teacher relationships, performance of the teachers, offerings of special programs, safety assurance in the campus and in having bigger campus with playground. On the other hand, private schools dominate in providing better educational environment, arranging training to the teachers, ensuring satisfactory library services and delivering information effectively to the parents. Among outcome determinants, government schools are well ahead in creating self-discipline, morality and good work habits among students. Private schools are superior in developing critical thinking skill of the kids.Originality/valueThere is a gap of comprehensive empirical study on school choice in South Asia region that includes both school characteristics and outcomes. Therefore, this paper contributes significantly to the relevant literature.

Collaborating on scholarship: Best practices for team research projects

Collaborating on scholarship has the potential to provide many advantages, including benefiting from others’ expertise, reinforcing accountability, and providing motivation. However, working with others is tricky—consider compatible work habits, receptivity to criticism, and commitment to fulfill responsibilities. Decisions to be made include where to publish, in what order authors’ names will appear, and how the manuscripts will be written. Who will coordinate? Who will write what? Who will revise? Also, consider how to address problems—missed deadlines, less-than-stellar quality, how to say “no” in the future, and more.

Parisian Lives: Samuel Beckett, Simone de Beauvoir, and Me—A Memoir by Deirdre Bair

Reviewed by: Parisian Lives: Samuel Beckett, Simone de Beauvoir, and Me—A Memoir by Deirdre Bair Alice J. Strange Bair, Deirdre. Parisian Lives: Samuel Beckett, Simone de Beauvoir, and Me—A Memoir. Doubleday, 2019. ISBN 978-0-385-54245-6. Pp. 347. Bair recalls two decades of her life, which were intertwined with the lives of Samuel Beckett and Simone de Beauvoir, whose biographies she researched and wrote in the 1970s and 1980s. Beckett and Beauvoir lived in the Montparnasse area of Paris, where Bair met with them numerous times, first Beckett, in cafés, and then Beauvoir, in her small apartment. The work encompasses implicit lessons for biographers while portraying the personalities of her subjects and her own work habits. The account begins in 1971, when Bair was completing a dissertation on Beckett. Failing to secure an academic job, she daringly wrote to Beckett to propose her first biography. To her surprise, he casually agreed to the project and she was off on her first trip to Paris. When she met him, she realized that he was doubtful about her abilities, although he promised to neither help nor hinder her work. Seven years later, Beckett's biography was complete. During this time, Bair was juggling family duties and patching together financial support through grants and part-time teaching. Beckett was not available for in-depth interviews, but he directed her to friends and relatives for information. Bair visited Beckett's residences in Dublin and London and spoke to anyone who had known him at any stage of his life. In interviews, informants sometimes tried to sway her opinion of Beckett to agree with theirs or exaggerated their importance in his life. Bair did not consider any detail as factual without corroboration by two credible sources. Following complications with agents and publishers, another lesson for biographers, the work was published in 1978. It was generally well-received but criticized by some old-guard Beckett scholars, mostly male, who questioned her status as his biographer. Nonetheless, Bair continued her career and her frequent trips to Paris. She approached her next subject, Simone de Beauvoir, with the same trepidation. Beauvoir not only accepted Bair as a biographer but invited her into her small apartment for dozens of interviews, concluding each afternoon session with a relaxing drink. Unlike the formal and reserved Beckett, who frequently failed to appear for their appointments, Beauvoir welcomed Bair's company and talked freely about herself. Again, Bair met with the family and friends of her subject, and, unlike with Beckett, occasionally joined Beauvoir on social occasions. Her meeting with Beauvoir's sister is memorable, and her detailed description of Beauvoir's life during her final years is the work's most compelling aspect. When Beauvoir died unexpectedly in 1986, before the biography was completed, Bair felt a deep personal loss. She was among the prominent group of mourners who led the cortège from the hospital to the Montparnasse cemetery. Her biography of Beauvoir appeared in 1990, after ten years of effort. The work at hand is an account of the struggles and rewards of a biographer, [End Page 246] along with glimpses into academic politics. This evocative and appealing work will be welcomed by a broad general audience and is essential for anyone interested in Beckett or Beauvoir. Alice J. Strange Southeast Missouri State University, emerita Copyright © 2021 American Association of Teachers of French

Uncovering the Hidden Effort Problem

We use machine learning to analyze minute-by-minute Bloomberg online status data and study how the effort provision of top executives in public corporations affects firm value. While executives likely spend most of their time doing other activities, Bloomberg usage data allows us to characterize their work habits. We document a positive effect of effort on unexpected earnings, cumulative abnormal returns following firm earnings announcements, and credit default swap spreads. We form long-short, calendar-time, effort portfolios and show that they earn significant average daily returns. Finally, we revisit several agency issues that have received attention in the prior academic literature on executive compensation. Institutional subscribers to the NBER working paper series, and residents of developing countries may download this paper without additional charge at www.nber.org.

Exploring Teachers' Back Pain Concerning Their Habits, Rules, Leisure Activities, and Physical Activity Breaks at Work.

The role of a teacher in the Faculty of Health Sciences involves teaching students, preparing lessons, and participating in other activities such as research projects and management processes. Professional participation is part of their involvement in daily occupations, which are taking place in teachers’ socio-cultural context and are necessary for their well-being. Teachers' work performance can be enabled or constrained by their professional habits, including habits while using computers. We investigated awareness of and adherence to recommendations on ergonomics and preventive measures for back pain among the Faculty of Health Sciences employees. This study was aimed at investigating the relationship between the influence of their habits during computer use and back pain. An online questionnaire was sent to the teaching staff of the Faculty of Health Sciences (n = 115). 73% of the staff opened the online questionnaire, 43% fully completed the questionnaire. Data were processed using SPSS statistical program, version 20.0. Descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and factor analysis were calculated. Analysis of the results showed a significant statistical association between the professional habits and roles [daily computer use (r = .443, P < .01); position of different body parts during computer use [head (r = .669, P < .001), shoulder (r = .446, P < .01), legs and feet (r = .483, P < .01), screen inclination (r = .577, P < .01), adjusting chair settings (r = .608, P < .01), distance between eyes and screen (r = .766, P < .01)]; physical activities break at work [r = .758, P < .01], and back pain. Considering ergonomic principles when designing the work environment can have a major impact on employees' health and quality of work. As experts in the field of health sciences, faculty members are not sufficiently aware of the impact of an improperly designed work environment on employee health, which affects work habits.

Improving Volunteer Engagement in Nonprofit Healthcare Organizations

Grounded in the conceptual lens of Deci and Ryan’s self-determination theory, the strategies nonprofit healthcare leaders use to reduce volunteer turnover were explored in this single-case study. The participations included 5 nonprofit healthcare leaders from a single organization in the Southwestern United States. Data were collected using semistructured interviews, internal and external organizational documents, and publicly available data. Analysis of internal and external organizational documents and publicly available data were manually coded and thematically organized. The use of a methodological triangulation process and member checking increased the reliability of data interpretation. Using the thematic approach, 3 themes emerged: volunteer recognition improved volunteer turnover, open communication improved volunteer turnover, and relationship building improved volunteer turnover. The findings from this study may contribute to positively social change by providing nonprofit leaders with strategies to reduce volunteer turnover, enhance operational processes, and improve organizational performance. The results of this study indicated that nonprofit healthcare leaders who develop volunteer engagement strategies could increase organizational success and develop successful work habits among volunteers to improve economic growth in the communities they serve.