Work Force Research Articles

An Undergraduate Health Care Experience Course Increases Confidence and Improves Student Understanding of Health Care Careers.

Increasing the health care work force is critical to underserved communities. Unfortunately, students in these areas lack accessibility to the clinical experiences needed to get an introductory understanding of careers in health care. Therefore, a health care experience (HCE) course was created for undergraduate students that included didactic training, active learning exercises, and coordinated shadowing experiences. To evaluate the effect of the HCE on student interest in science, health care, and rural health a study was performed on HCE participants. This study assessed student background, interest in health care, and plans for future careers in underserved settings. Students who enrolled in the HCE demonstrated high interest in science, health care, and rural health. Evaluation of student reflections indicated students attained novel learning, gained insights, and recognized the importance of communication. The HCE course students exhibited amplified confidence in HCEs and had a significant increase in understanding of health care compared with a control group of students who had not completed the HCE. Undergraduate institutions can include courses like the HCE into curricula to increase accessibility to career experiences for students interested in health care careers.

Mitigation of non-CO2 greenhouse gases from Indian agriculture sector

Abstract The Indian agriculture sector is driven by small and marginal farmers and employs two-thirds of the Indian work force. Agriculture also accounts for around a quarter of the total greenhouse gas emissions, mainly in the form of methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). Hence, agriculture is an important sector for India’s transition to net-zero emissions and for the achievement of the sustainable development goals. So far, very few studies have assessed the future trajectories for CH4 and N2O emissions from the agriculture sector. Moreover, assessment of CH4 and N2O mitigation potential at a subnational (state) level is missing but is important owing to the regional diversity in India. To fill this gap, we focus on methane and nitrous oxide emissions from the agricultural activities using 23 sub-regions in India. We use the GAINS modelling framework which has been widely applied for assessing the mitigation strategies for non-CO2 emissions and multiple air pollutants at regional and global scales. We analyze a current policy and a sustainable agriculture scenario using different combinations of structural interventions and technological control measures to inform the Indian and global climate policy debates. Our results suggest that a combination of sustainable agricultural practices and maximum feasible control measures could reduce the CH4 and N2O emissions by about 6% and 19% by 2030 and 27% and 40% by 2050 when compared to the current policies scenario with limited technological interventions. At a sub-national level, highest mitigation potential is observed in Uttar Pradesh, followed by, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, and Telangana. The mitigation of agricultural CH4 and N2O also has co-benefits in terms of reduced local pollution, improved health, and livelihood opportunities for the local communities.

A growing number of AIs cleared for clinical use is finally available: The AI-assisted Pathologist

As more pathology laboratories are transitioning to a digital workflow, the availability of commercial Artificial Intelligence assistance systems is also increasing. Today nearly 40 such products approved for diagnostic use are available. This article provides an overview of the most widely addressed use cases, including Immunohistochemistry scoring for breast cancer and non-small-cell lung cancer, Gleason grading for prostate cancer, or metastasis detection in lymph nodes. While automation alone already promises an increase in efficiency that may help to bridge the growing gap between supply (pathology work force) and demand (histological testing), this article introduces another category of Artificial Intelligence products that go beyond just mimicking today’s established score. Various Artificial Intelligence are being introduced that detect genetic alterations or stratify risk, directly from the standard hematoxylin & eosin staining. Finally, a brief outlook explains how basic AI models are currently finding their way into computational pathology and promise to further accelerate product developments by decreasing the time-to-model.

NEED FOR EFFECTIVE TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN BANKING -A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS

Over a decade the banking practices in the country has been experiencing sea change with the implementation of number policy related changes, rise in privatisation and also due to technology upgradations. Modern-day banking activities have become more complex and complied with high-end technology intervention. It makes bank employees more sensitive towards their job. Thus, retain the existing work force with required skill sets is a dauting task for the administrations of banks. Talent management activities of banks generally revolve around employee engagement monitoring their performance, establishing connectivity between employee and the banking institution and they’re by achieving bank’s goal. It is concluded that talent management is an emerging issue and most focused topic in Indian banking sector. This task compliance with stringent procedures and time consuming too. Hiring talent in this pursuit and retaining them involve myriad steps to make the employees i.e., stimulate them to learn new concept and practice it in their day-to-day work adopt continuous training and monitor the performance of the employees KEY WORDS: Talent Management, Public Sector Banks, Private Sector Banks, Competition

The Influence of AI in the Media Work Force: How Companies Use an Array of Legal Remedies

The emergence of ChatGPT and other related artificial intelligence systems has posed many questions upon the impact that such tools could have on some jobs, including media workers. Serious legal concerns have arisen regarding the learning practices of AI-related companies such as OpenAI and Google. These concerns involve crawling and extracting presumably unauthorized copyright works from news repositories, whose rightholders are often media companies. In this article, we aim to categorize the newsroom practices and routines affected by artificial intelligence. We also explore copyright-law related issues, including AI-assisted reporting, its impact on journalists and the media workforce, SEO and commercial strategies, as well as training and blocking AI engines. The legal solutions applied to solve those questions are also addressed, including technical solutions, fair use guidelines and legal solutions (litigation, legislative reform, and negotiation). Our conclusion is twofold: first, in the unequal fight against artificial intelligence systems, a utilitarian and entrepreneurial conception of intellectual property is enforced; and second, the position of journalists as authors is weakening.

Future vet: Current trends in demand for veterinary services on dairy farms

The industry that is served by the dairy veterinarian is dy­namic and operates under conditions where the value of its end products decrease in real dollar value over time. This exerts pressure on that industry toward constant improvements in operating efficiencies and cost reductions. It is no surprise then that as part of the service sector to this industry, the practicing dairy veterinarian will need to be as dynamic and constantly striving to improve and increase the value of its offerings to this ever-evolving sector. The veterinary work force is highly select­ed and highly trained. It has been an integral part of advance­ment in the production of dairy foods. With a forward-looking attitude striving for constant discovery of new and useful ideas for advancing cow health and productivity, it will be possible to assure that this remains true. Conversely, lacking this outlook, there is the real risk that the veterinarian becomes less relevant on dairy farms over time as those farms compete on a global level for market share.

The true cost of losing employees and how to avoid them

The cost of losing a seasoned associate veterinarian can be as high as 2-3 times their annual salary, and for other staff mem­bers, it has been measured to be between 5.3% and 213% of their annual salary depending on the importance of the posi­tion and their time in that position. Reducing employee turn­over is important for the financial health of the practice, team health and the client and patient health. Eliminating those factors that have been shown to be reasons for an employee to leave are important first steps in reducing employee turnover. Recent cultural and socioeconomic changes have produced changes in the labor market that will require “mind shifts” in the hiring, mentoring and managing the work force.

The German Beveridge Curve in Light of the Shortness of Skilled Labour

The Beveridge curve and its inward or outward shifts are legend in labour market economics. Inward shifts in particular have been shown to reflect, for example, the success of the “Hartz reforms” after 2003-2005, reforms which allegedly have improved the matching efficiency on the German labour market. More recently (not later than since 2020), the German labour market is seriously affected by a “systemic” shortness of skilled labour. The latter occurs when we observe both a rising unemployment rate among the qualified work force _and_ an increasing vacancy rate with regard to skilled labour. In this paper, we develop in three alternative writings the functional form of the Beveridge curve and its corollary, the corresponding econometric estimation equation. This enables us to empirically identify the determinants of the German Beveridge curve (2006-2023). We find evidence for the presumption that recently the German Beveridge curve shifts outwards, most likely as a consequence of the systemic shortness of skilled labour.

Gendered Globalization: The Relationship between Globalization and Gender Gaps in Employment and Occupational Opportunities

Despite the steady increase in women’s labor force participation, there are still substantial cross-country variations in women’s rates of gainful employment and gender-linked occupational inequality. Utilizing micro-data for 41 countries (circa 2013) obtained from the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS, 2023), we examine the extent to which globalization and each of its three components--economic, social, and political--affect gender-based economic inequality. Specifically, we investigate the effects of globalization and each of its components on two outcomes: the relative odds of women’s labor force participation, and of their obtaining lucrative managerial and professional jobs (vertical segregation). The findings establish a relationship between globalization and an increase in the relative odds of women participating in the work force. However, there is also a relationship between globalization and a reduction in women’s odds of obtaining lucrative managerial and professional jobs. The findings also indicate that social globalization is more consequential for gender inequality in the labor market than either economic or political globalization. We discuss the findings in light of theory and previous research on globalization and gender-based inequality.

On trust in humans and trust in artificial intelligence: a study with samples from Singapore and Germany extending recent research

The AI revolution is shaping societies around the world. People interact daily with a growing number of products and services that feature AI integration. Without doubt rapid developments in AI will bring positive outcomes, but also challenges. In this realm it is important to understand if people trust this omni-use technology, because trust represents an essential prerequisite (to be willing) to use AI products and this in turn likely has an impact on how much AI will be embraced by national economies with consequences for the local work forces. To shed more light on trusting AI, the present work aims to understand how much the variables trust in AI and trust in humans overlap. This is important to understand, because much is already known about trust in humans, and if the concepts overlap, much of our understanding of trust in humans might be transferable to trusting AI. In samples from Singapore (n = 535) and Germany (n = 954) we could observe varying degrees of positive relations between the trust in AI/humans variables. Whereas trust in AI/humans showed a small positive association in Germany, there was a moderate positive association in Singapore. Further, this paper revisits associations between individual differences in the Big Five of Personality and general attitudes towards AI including trust.The present work shows that trust in humans and trust in AI share only small amounts of variance, but this further depends on culture (varying here from about 4-10 percent of shared variance). Future research should further investigate such associations but by also considering assessments of trust in specific AI-empowered-products and AI-empowered-services, where things might be different.

Specifics of Systematic Challenges Development on Highly Qualified Labor Market

Key issues of Russian labor market transformation in the context of new challenges are discussed in this article. The authors pay special attention to the issue of perception of “high qualification” notion considering rising importance of soft skills. The authors’ approach to the solution of work force shortage issue is based on the analysis of trends in Russian labor market presented in the article and provides for two sources: retraining and reproduction of manpower on national base, and attraction of foreign specialists. The employer bears final responsibility for the professional’s work results regardless of model used to assess qualification, so the employers’ role in assessing (and more importantly developing) staff qualification should be fundamental.

Analisis Pengaruh Retribusi Daerah, Jumlah Penduduk dan Tingkat Partisipasi Angkatan Kerja Terhadap Pendapatan Asli Daerah Kota Malang

Original Regional Income is income collected by the region which is very important as a source and benchmark for financing in accordance with legal regulations. This research is to analyze the influence of Regional Levies, Population Number, and Labor Force Participation Level on Original Regional Income in the Malang City Region. In this research, the Classic Time Series Assumption Analysis uses secondary data originating from BPS Malang City for 2010-2022 using the Quantitative method. The results obtained in this research are that the Population Number and Participation Rate of the Work Force have a positive influence on the Regional Original Income product of Malang City, while the Regional Levy is known to have an insignificant influence on the Regional Original Income in Malang City.

Experimental and theoretical study of single bubble formation at the nozzle in a liquid oxygen crossflow

In this paper, the condensation bubbles generated by the mixing and condensation of gaseous and liquid oxygen crossflow experimentally and theoretically. The mixing and condensation experiment of the bubbles was carried out, employing gaseous and liquid oxygen as working fluids in vertical tubes. Three successive flow patterns were observed: initial gas plume, condensation oscillation, and separation condensation. The corresponding characteristics include gas mass aggregation, bubble surface smoothness and wrinkling alternately, and bubble disappearance after separation and condensation. Then, a Nusselt number (Nu) heat transfer correlation formula is fitted with a corresponding fitting error in the range of −31% ∼ 35%. In addition, bubble force balance and conservation equations were employed to establish a mixing condensation bubble model suitable for gaseous and liquid oxygen in vertical tubes, and the error between theoretical and experimental results was in the range of −25% ∼ 20%. Furthermore, the effects of working conditions and forces on bubble condensation length has been analyzed. The results showed that increasing the liquid oxygen flow rate, reducing the gas oxygen volume flow rate, or appropriately reducing the gas inlet diameter led to reducing the bubble condensation length. It was shown that the bubble drag and shear lift forces affect the condensation length mostly.

Endophthalmitis therapy revolution: Proof of concept based on in vivo evaluation of maleic acid modified chitosan

The aim was to develop chitosan-maleic acid (CS-MA) based ocular inserts with enhanced mucoadhesiveness for prevention of endophthalmitis caused by Escherichia coli. Therefore, chitosan (CS) and maleic acid (MA) were conjugated via formation of amide bond. Characterization via proton nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectroscopy was carried out and attached maleic acid groups were quantified by free amino groups assay. Biocompatibility of the conjugate was assessed following resazurin assay on fibroblasts, membrane damage on human erythrocytes and Hen's Egg-Chorioallantoic membrane tests. Inserts were pressed and characterized in terms of swelling behavior, pH, hardness, in vitro drug release and disintegration. To test mucoadhesive properties of CS-MA inserts, rheometer, rotating cylinder, inclined plane, and texture analyzer were the instruments utilized. Furthermore, antibacterial efficacy of the conjugate was established by direct agar diffusion method and in vivo Draize test was carried out to determine tolerability of the inserts. Results exhibited successful synthesis of the biomaterial, maintaining the great biocompatibility of native chitosan even though a 68.81 % of modification was achieved. Additionally, mucoadhesive studies showed improved properties of CS-MA compared to native polymer, with 2.42-fold, 4-fold, 3.42-fold and 4.05-fold increase in dynamic viscosity, retention time, overall attachment work and peak force of detachment, respectively. Finally, antibacterial activity was enhanced in 1.77-fold and in vivo experiments showed no irritation and good tolerability of CS-MA inserts. In conclusion, CS-MA ocular inserts effectively developed exhibiting promising features capable of revolutionizing the endophthalmitis therapy field.

The contribution of SARS-CoV-2 to the burden of acute respiratory infections in winter season 2022/2023: results from the DigiHero study

ObjectivesIn winter of 2022/2023 SARS-CoV-2 had developed into one of many seasonal respiratory pathogens, causing an additional burden of acute respiratory infections (ARIs). Although testing was still widely used, many positive tests were not reported for the official statistics. Using data from a population-based cohort, we aimed to investigate the contribution of SARS-CoV-2 to the burden of ARI. MethodsOver 70,000 participants of the German population-based DigiHero study were invited to a questionnaire about the number and time point of ARI and SARS-CoV-2 test results in winter 2022/2023. We calculated the incidence of non-severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) ARI, the additional contribution of SARS-CoV-2, and extrapolated the age-specific estimates to obtain the total burden of SARS-CoV-2 in Germany. ResultsFor the winter of 2022/2023, 37,708 participants reported 54,813 ARIs, including 9358 SARS-CoV-2 infections. This translated into a cumulative incidence of 145 infections/100 persons for all ARIs, 120 infections/100 persons for non-SARS ARI, and 25 infections/100 persons for SARS ARI (+21%). ConclusionsOur estimate for ARI related to SARS-CoV-2 is consistent with the difference in all ARI between pre-pandemic years and 2022/2023. This additional burden should be considered, particularly, with respect to the implications for the work force.

Quality By Plan Approach-To Explanatory Strategy Approval

The analyst points to consider Quality By Plan Approach-To Explanatory Strategy Approval first Increment the proficiency of planning different steps. That includes creating strategies utilizing quality rules. Private transport trade organization and to clarify the different steps. Concerning the advancement of strategies employing a quality approach to explanatory strategies for examining private transport commerce organizations .Cargo sending could be a benefit trade that plays an imperative part in disseminating items to both household and universal markets. Cargo forwarders are dependable for moving products at each arrange of the supply chain. (from crude materials/primary items Middle of the road items and wrapped up products). The condition of the trade subsequently depends on the amount of merchandise which varies agreeing to the financial circumstance of the nation. Transportation trade is another commerce that's picking up ubiquity. Numerous business visionaries are turning to contribute in this trade. And it is likely to go well and grow even more within the future when numerous transportation businesses emerge. The way to bring your claim commerce to outlive and gotten to be one of the best choices among buyers is to get it the market outline of this sort of commerce. Counting taking after news within the important industry circles. To be able to apply it to commerce techniques within the transportation trade. Patterns and significance worth keeping an eye on: The transportation trade has begun to play a part and has been broadly known for some time presently. Within the past five a long time The transportation commerce slant has gotten a parcel of consideration. Since it not as it were makes a difference drive expansive mechanical businesses. but too makes a difference transport products and administrations of little business people. Broaden the course of organizations from B2B (Business-to-Business) commerce to more B2C (Business-to-Customer) trade The slant of transportation commerce in Thailand within the past period. It must be conceded that the transport commerce slant in Thailand is presently exceptionally well known. Counting the inclination to continue to develop within the future. The investigate strategy chosen by the analyst is quantitative investigate. Utilizing interviews as a inquire about device. administrators and work force of private transportation commerce organizations by analyzing quality plan approaches to review examination strategies, counting 1) benefit quality, counting capacity, get to administrations Communication Unwavering quality, security 2) Generally quality administration incorporates cleanliness, comfort, cleanliness, cleanliness, and building propensities. The results is methodologies and frequencies relating to checking and control. Concurring to the definition given by ICH Q10, a control strategy can "be a organized set of controls gathered from current thing and handle understanding that ensures plan execution and thing quality.

Impact of training on knowledge, confidence and attitude amongst community health volunteers in the provision of community-based palliative care in rural Kenya

ObjectivesExisting literature suggests multiple potential roles for community health volunteers (CHVs) in the provision of palliative care (PC) in low- and middle-income countries. In Kenya the role of CHV in the provision of PC has not been reported. The objective of this study was to assess knowledge, confidence, attitude, and clinical practice of community health volunteers after attending a novel palliative care (PC) training program.MethodsA total of 105 CHVs participated in a 3-day in person training followed by a 1-month in person and telephone observation period of the palliative care activities in the community. Structured questionnaires were used pre- and post-training to assess knowledge acquisition, impact on practice, and content delivery. A mixed method study design was conducted 12-month post training to assess impact on clinical practice.ResultsImmediately after training, CHV provided positive ratings on relevance and content delivery. In the month following training, CHVs evaluated 1,443 patients, referred 154, and conducted 110 and 129 tele consults with the patients and PC providers respectively. The follow up survey at 12 months revealed improved knowledge and confidence in various domains of palliative care including symptom and spiritual assessment and provision of basic nursing and bereavement care. Focus group discussions revealed the CHVs ability to interpret symptoms, make referrals, improved communication/ interpersonal relationships, spiritual intervention, patient comfort measures and health care practices as newly learned and practiced skills.ConclusionsWe noted improved knowledge, new skills and change in practice after CHVs participation in a novel training curriculum. CHVs can make important contributions to the PC work force and be first line PC providers in the community as part of larger hub and spoke care model.

Incidence of sick leave and disability pension in adults with musculoskeletal pain and co-occurring long-term conditions: data from the Norwegian HUNT study and national registries

BackgroundMusculoskeletal pain is one of the leading causes of work productivity loss. Long-term conditions (LTCs) commonly occur alongside musculoskeletal pain. However, the incidence of sick leave and disability pension according to LTC status in people with musculoskeletal pain has not been previously described.MethodsWorking-age participants (20–65 years) with persistent musculoskeletal pain who participated in the HUNT3 Study (1995–97) were included. Twenty-five LTCs were classified into 8 LTC groups according to the International Classification of Diseases version 11. Data on sickness and disability benefits were obtained from the National Insurance Database and linked to the HUNT3 data using participants’ personal identification number. Age-adjusted incidence rates (IRs) (per 10,000 person-years) and hazard ratios (HRs) of sick leave during 5-year follow-up and disability pension during ~ 25-year follow-up were estimated with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and presented according to LTC status.ResultsOverall, 11,080 participants with musculoskeletal pain were included. Of those, 32% reported one LTC and 45% reported ≥ 2 LTCs. During the follow up period, 1,312 participants (12%) received disability pension due to musculoskeletal conditions. The IR of sick leave and disability pension due to musculoskeletal conditions increased with number of LTCs. Specifically, the IR of sick leave was 720 (95% CI 672 to 768) in participants without any LTCs and 968 (95% CI 927 to 1,009) if they had ≥ 2 LTCs. The IRs of disability pension were 87 (95% CI 75 to 98) and 167 (95% CI 154 to 179) among those with no LTCs and ≥ 2 LTCs, respectively. The incidence of sick leave and disability pension due to musculoskeletal conditions was largely similar across LTCs, although the incidence of disability pension was somewhat higher among people with sleep disorders (IR: 223, 95% CI 194 to 252).ConclusionsAmong people with persistent musculoskeletal pain, the incidence of prematurely leaving the work force due to musculoskeletal conditions was twice as high for those with multiple LTCs compared to those without any LTCs. This was largely irrespective of the type of LTC, indicating that the number of LTCs are an important feature when evaluating work participation among people with musculoskeletal pain.

The development and validation of a Multidimensional Perceived Work Ability Scale.

Research on the concept of existing unidimensional Perceived Work Ability scale (PWA) in organizational science has recently increased due to its prediction of important work, individual, and labor force outcomes. To date, PWA has been measured as a unidimensional construct. The present study outlines the need for the multidimensional conceptualization of PWA and its measurement. We describe the development and validation of the Multidimensional Perceived Work Ability Scale (M-PWAS), comprising four dimensions: physical, cognitive, interpersonal, and emotional. In line with Hinkin's (1998) approach to scale validation, we use four samples (total N = 1,152) to establish the M-PWAS as a reliable and valid measure of PWA. Through an iterative item generation and review process, we found evidence for content validity. Furthermore, each subscale demonstrated high internal consistency and factorial validity, and analysis of the PWA nomological network demonstrated evidence for convergent and discriminant validity. Finally, we found that the M-PWAS showed incremental validity over an existing unidimensional PWA measure in the prediction of perceived stress, emotional exhaustion, work engagement, and turnover. We discuss implications for theory, research, and workplace interventions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Fast and Slow-Twitch Actuation via Twisted Liquid Crystal Elastomer Fibers.

The performance of robotic systems can benefit from low-density material actuators that emulate muscle typology (e.g., fast and slow twitch) of natural systems. Recent reports detail the thermomechanical, chemical, electrical, and pneumatic response of twisted and coiled fibers. The geometrical constraints imparted on typically commodity materials realize distinguished stimuli-induced actuation including low density, high force, and moderate stroke. Here, actuators are prepared by twisting fibers composed of liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs). The actuators combine the inherent stimuli-response of LCEs with the geometrical constraints of twisted fiber actuators to dramatically increase the deformation rate, specific work, and achievable force output. In some geometries, the thermomechanical response of the LCE exhibits a pseudo-first-order transition.