Work-family Culture Research Articles

Stress at the Crossroads: Work–Family Conflict and Work Withdrawal Behavior

This study examines supportive work–family culture as a predictor of work-to-family and family-to-work conflict and its impact on perceived stress and work withdrawal behavior, with the moderating role of work–-home segmentation preference. Data were collected from 564 employees in the South Korean hotel industry. Results demonstrated that supportive work–family culture was negatively related to work–family conflict, while both work-to-family and family-to-work conflict was positively related to perceived stress, which in turn was related to work withdrawal behavior. These findings highlight the importance of a supportive work–family culture for sustainable workforce management, promoting employee well-being, and reducing turnover. Additionally, the moderating effect of work–home segmentation preference was significant, indicating that as work–home segmentation preference increases, the negative impact of supportive work–family culture on both types of work–family conflict decreases. The study discusses the theoretical contributions and practical implications related to sustainable strategies in human resources management within the hotel industry.

Achieving sustainable development goals for mental health and gender equality through work-life balance and emotional intelligence

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between work-life balance and the mental health of Indian managers and to explore the moderating role of emotional intelligence (EI) and gender. Design/methodology/approach Work-life balance scale (Hayman 2005), Mental Health Inventory (Viet and Ware, 1983) and EI scale (Wong and Law, 2002) were administered to 202 (102 males and 100 females) Indian managers. Based on the Conservation of Resource theory, a theoretical model has been designed and hypotheses were tested by descriptive, correlation and moderation analysis. Findings The results of this study indicated that work-life balance is positively correlated with psychological well-being and mental health, while negatively correlated with the psychological distress of managers. EI has emerged as a potential moderator that positively influences the relationship between work-life balance and the mental health of managers. At the same time, gender did not show any moderating effect. Research limitations/implications This research has theoretical, practical as well as social implications. Practical implications This study is aligned with SDG 3 and SDG 5 of the UN Sustainable Development Goals 2023. This paper provides valuable inputs in promoting mental health at the workplace and formulating gender-neutral work-life balance policies and programs in Indian organizations. Social implications This study is aligned with SDG 3 (Health and well-being) and SDG 5 (Gender equality) of the UN Sustainable Development Goals 2023. Originality/value This study is an empirical research paper backed by a sound theoretical framework, which addresses the work-life balance and mental health issues of managers and highlights the positive role of EI in managing their personal and professional lives in a low gender-egalitarian Indian work–family culture.

Increasing Turnover Rate among Emirati Employees in Private Sector in Ras Al Khaima

Purpose: This study is aiming to examine the factors that contribute to the increasing rate of Emirati employees leaving their jobs in Ras Al Khaima private sector. It will demonstrate how these factors affect employees and result in their decision to leave their jobs. Additionally, which factor has the most impact on their intentions to resign will be identified. Moreover, what Human Resource Management do in response to that issue in order to strengthen their organization's position in the business market. According to the findings, this paper will attempt to introduce and propose some recommendations on how Human Resource Management can attract Emirati people to work in Ras Al Khaima private sector. Methodology: To handle this problem, the research will depend on the based-literature review methodology. The study relied on literature review to infer the factors that contribute to the increasing turnover rate among Emirati employees in Ras Al Khaima private sector. A comprehensive review of relevant academic and empirical literature was conducted to find out these factors. Findings: The main finding of the study is the positive relationship between job satisfaction and salary, rewards, benefits & compensation, as well as flexible work practices and career development opportunities. Job satisfaction decreases the employee intention to quit their jobs. Additionally, shorter working hours which is needed to achieve work-life balance is related positively to employee retention and decreases turnover rate among employees. The paper also concluded that organizational support, fairness perception, and work-family culture are critical variables in employee retention. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study will provide new insights that would incorporate different views on employee turnover relevant to the Emirati context particularly in the private sector of Ras Al Khaimah. It will offer some recommendations that will enable policymakers to develop measures that can help reduce turnover rates among Emirati employees. It will also help in improving the HR practices according to the awareness of the socio-cultural and economic characteristics that affect the Emirati workers. Additionally, the policy recommendations may inform the creation of laws and measures that could enhance the employment status and satisfaction of Emirati employees in the private sector. The paper recommends creating strategic Emiratization initiatives, enhancing work environment through focusing on cultural values, engaging HR managers in setting UAE-specific HRM models that account for cultural and organizational peculiarities.

Finding solace in work-family culture as a predictor of work-family enrichment; does gender matter?

Finding solace in work-family culture as a predictor of work-family enrichment; does gender matter?

Authentic Leadership, Empowering Leadership and Work-Family Enrichment: The Role of Supportive Work-Family Culture within the Hospitality Industry

ABSTRACT This study examines authentic and empowering leadership as antecedents of work-family enrichment while assessing the moderating role of supportive work-family culture. Data was retrieved from 328 employees from small-sized hotels in Ghana and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings revealed that authentic and empowering leadership positively and significantly influence work-family enrichment, further demonstrating that supportive work-family culture moderates the infuence of authentic and empowering leadership on work-family enrichment. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.

Caregivers of Children with Special Healthcare Needs: A Quantitative Examination of Work-Family Culture, Caregiver Burden, and Work-Life Balance

The purpose of the current study was to examine the relationships between organizational work-family culture, caregiver burden, and work-life balance among employed caregivers of children with special healthcare needs. The potential moderating role of organizational work-family culture in the relationship between caregiver burden and work-life balance was also investigated. Using convenience sampling, data were collected from 150 primary caregivers who work or recently worked in the past three months and have at least one child with a special healthcare need. Participants completed an online survey. Findings revealed increasing caregiver burden was related to lower work-life balance, while organizational work-family culture was positively related to it. Organizational work-family culture, and two of its three facets (i.e., managerial support and time demands), were significant moderators, but only before COVID-19. Future researchers could focus on underrepresented groups and communities, examine organizational work-family culture in various industries, and improve work-life balance during social and economic downturns. With increases in dual earner and single parent households, employers should consider how their culture supports employees with households with a child with special healthcare needs. This is the first study to apply organizational work-family culture to employed caregivers with a child with special healthcare needs and test it as a moderator of the relationship between caregiver burden and work-life balance.

Employee corporate social responsibility and well-being: the role of work, family and culture spillover

PurposeConsidering the conservation of resources (COR) theory, this research investigates the mediating roles of work, family and culture on the relationship between employee corporate social responsibility (CSR) and employee well-being.Design/methodology/approachSelf-administered questionnaire data from 403 employees working across multiple organisations in the United Kingdom were analysed using path analysis with SmartPLS.FindingsOrganisations can only maximally benefit from their CSR investment when specific HR strategies are in place, as no direct relationship between CSR and well-being outcomes was observed. Family-to-work spillover and work–family culture were significant mediators in the relationship between employee CSR and well-being.Research limitations/implicationsCSR strategies targeted at improving employee well-being do not necessarily do so in a direct approach. They, therefore, may not serve the desired performance outcomes of organisations. Boundary conditions of applying the crossover model of COR theory were observed.Originality/valueThis research contributes to the limited knowledge of the effectiveness of employee-related CSR strategies on HRM and well-being outcomes from an employees' perspective. Employee-related CSR strategies are unlikely to improve employee well-being if the inter-individual level of analysis, i.e. interchange between work, family and culture, is not considered.

Balancing the equation: assessing the impact of management practices on staff and faculty wellbeing in Chinese higher education institutions.

The intersection of work-family dynamics and job contentment has become a pivotal area of investigation within the higher education landscape, drawing scholarly attention, especially in the Chinese context. This study delves into the intricate relationship between work-family culture and job satisfaction, with a particular spotlight on the mediating influence of perceptions of organizational fairness. The impetus behind this emphasis lies in the burgeoning acknowledgment of organizational justice as a pivotal force shaping employee attitudes and conduct within academic establishments. This research was conducted using two distinct groups. The first group consisted of 1,075 faculty members at Chinese universities, while the second group comprised 972 administrative and technical employees at these institutions. The mediational analyses provided in this study offer an enhanced comprehension of the intricate relationships under discussion. Significantly, the findings reveal that Work-Family Culture plays a crucial predictive role in influencing perceptions of Organizational Justice among both faculty and administrative staff. More importantly, the study uncovers that Work-Family Culture indirectly affects Job Satisfaction through its impact on Organizational Justice. This insight underscores the importance of harmonious work-family interactions as a determinant of job-related attitudes and satisfaction levels.

Flexible Working Arrangements and Work-Family Culture Effects on Job Satisfaction: The Mediation Role of Work-Family Conflicts among Female Employees

Objective: This study examines the relationship between flexible working arrangements and work-family culture by the mediating role of work-family conflict on the job satisfaction of female employees. Methods: This study was conducted on 295 female workers in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) service companies. The data were collected from an online survey using a 6-Point Likert scale following a non-probability sampling method with a purposive sampling technique which was a sampling method based on specific predetermined standards. The data was analyzed using Lisrel 8.80 through Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). Findings: The results indicate that flexible working arrangements positively and significantly impact work-family conflict and job satisfaction. Additionally, Work-Family Culture has a negative and significant impact on Work-Family Conflict but a positive and significant impact on Job Satisfaction. Meanwhile, Work-family conflict significantly and negatively affects job satisfaction. Another finding is that the relationship between flexible working arrangements and job satisfaction and the impact of work-family culture can be partially mediated by work-family conflict. Originality/Value: Research on work-family variables tends to be mostly studied in the United States and Anglo Countries (U.K., Australia). However, research on this subject in Asia is limited, despite the fact that female employees in this region experience work-family conflicts more frequently. To fill this gap, this study was conducted in Indonesia, Southeast Asia. The findings of this research may also be relevant to other Asian countries that share similar characteristics. Practical/Policy implication: The company's human resources management should implement a family-friendly work culture (WFC) by encouraging and respecting employees' integration of work and family life to prevent and minimize conflict between work and family roles or called Work-Family Conflict (WFCON) during Flexible Working Arrangements (FWA).

Exploration and prioritization of enablers to organization work–family balance planning for working sole Indian mothers integrating fuzzy Delphi and AHP

PurposeThis study intends to identify, prioritize and rank the enablers for organizational work–family balance (WFB) planning specifically for working sole mothers by employing the fuzzy Delphi and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method.Design/methodology/approachThis paper utilizes the integrated methodology in two steps. Initially, a broad literature review and the fuzzy Delphi method have been utilized to recognize and validate the key WFB enablers. Afterward, the AHP approach has been applied to prioritize and detect the relative importance and rank of identified WFB enablers.FindingsThis paper has identified 9 WFB sub-enablers for working sole mothers under work, family and personal enablers. The work enablers obtain the first rank based on the highest importance weight followed by personal and family enablers. The findings indicate the top five sub-enablers: organizational work–family culture, work from arrangements, emotional intelligence, flexible work schedule and family support.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings offer prioritized areas of concern to the human resource managers and administrators to manage these WFB enablers as per their priority in the direction to formulate the organizational WFB policy-planning specifically for sole mothers.Social implicationsThe prioritized WFB enablers amongst working sole mothers may help sole mothers to manage their social, family and work-related roles in a more effective manner.Originality/valueBased on the best of the authors' considerations, this study firstly incorporates the fuzzy Delphi-AHP method to prioritize and rank the WFB enablers to organizational WFB planning for sole mothers.

Impacts of Work–Family Culture on Employee Job Performance in Achieving Sustainable Development Goals

The harmonized balance between work and family is tough to reach in modern industrial societies because of increasing demands at work and in family settings. Previous studies analyzed work–family culture and its relationship with employees’ job performance without focusing on specific industries. Paralleled with the Sustainable Developments Goals (SDGs), this study aims to analyze the relationship between work–family culture and employees’ job performance in selected industries in Malaysia. This study surveyed 336 employees working in four industries in Peninsular Malaysia, and data were collected using a self-reported questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using two statistical analyses, i.e., descriptive and inferential statistic multiple linear regression by assisting statistical software, namely SPSS version 26. This study found that organizational time demands, and managerial support have a significant positive relationship with employees’ job performance. Moreover, the career consequences variable does not have a significant effect on employees’ job performance. Therefore, the results provided valuable insights into the work–family culture among employees with family responsibilities. Applied implications for managers are suggested to give full support to the employees while juggling their family matters. This study also contributes to the existing work–family culture literature. After a thorough analysis of this field, the researcher believed that other factors might significantly affect employees’ job performance, such as religiosity, working environment, and integrity in the organizations.

The Relationship Between Family-Friendly Workplace Policies and Accountant Turnover

Prolonged high turnover rates have caused a shortage of accountants; unfortunately, managers have not successfully taken action to avoid these circumstances. Reducing the high turnover is necessary for accountant managers to replenish the accountant shortage, reduce turnover costs, and protect the accounting industry’s reputation for supporting its employees. Grounded in the social exchange theory, the purpose of this quantitative correlational study was to examine the relationship between three family￾friendly policies, childcare support, alternative work schedules, and work-family culture and accountant turnover intention. The participants comprised of 185 accountants who responded to the NSCW questionnaire. The results of the multiple regression analyses were significant, indicating that formal and informal family-friendly policies were significantly related to turnover intention. Further, demographic subgroups displayed different relationships between variables.

Personal Life, Working Time and Job Stress on Employees’ Performance in Selected Nigerian Banks

Work-life balance has become an important area of concern for employers and employees in most organizations all over the world. In this study, effort was made to investigate the influence of three variables of work-life balance namely personal life, working time and job stress on employees’ performance in select Nigerian banks. Four banks were selected for the study based on their ranking as top Nigerian banks by the Corporate Finance Institute, namely; Zenith bank, GTB, Ecobank Nigeria and First Bank of Nigeria Plc. Primary data was collected using structured questionnaire. Population of the study was 401 bankers in 21 branches of the banks, located in Akwa Ibom State. A sample size of 200 bankers was drawn from the population size using Taro Yamene’s formula for sample determination. Chebyshev Proportionate formula was further used to determine the sample proportion of each branch. Hypothesis was tested using multiple regression analysis. Computations were done by means of Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). Findings revealed that there was significant effect of employees’ personal life, working time and job stress on workers performance in the selected Nigerian banks. It was concluded that work-life balance variables relate to and have influence on workers performance in Nigerian banks. As such, it was recommended that Nigerian banks should establish and maintain a work family culture that encompasses personal life activities, and also implement working time options and stress management programmes as workplace support measures that include family friendly policies to help resolve work-life balance problems.

Inclusive Human Resource Management (HRM) Practices for Employees with Disabilities as an Effort to Manage Diversity

This study aims to describe the practice of managing employees with disabilities inclusively at PT SAMA by identifying the implementation of disability inclusive principles, regulations and policies, benefits, and factors related to HRM Practices of employees with disabilities. The findings of this study are that the management practices of employees with disabilities at PT SAMA have been carried out inclusively by implementing principles of disability inclusion. In addition, regulations and policies related to the management of disabled employees are in accordance with Law no 8 of 2016 on Persons with Disabilities. The benefits obtained by the company are that the performance of disabled employees is better than non-disabled employees, able to work well together, and can motivate other employees to be independent. Factors that influence the management of employees with disabilities are acceptance and support, communication, flexibility, work-family culture, workload, and physical conditions of the workplace. The Inclusive HRM Practice implemented by PT SAMA brings benefits to both employees and the company. Even so, proactive efforts must be further enhanced, especially in recruitment practices by targeting PWDs. Further research with the theme of managing employees with disabilities needs to be carried out on other types or industrial scales.

The Long Arm of an Unsupportive Work-Family Culture in Work Organizations: Crossover to the Partner\u2019s Work-Family Balance Satisfaction in Dual-Earner Couples

This study analyzes how an unsupportive organizational work-family culture experienced by one employed parent at work can cross over to their partner and reduce the latter’s satisfaction with work-family balance (WFBS). Workplace cultures that are structured around the “ideal worker” norm have enormous and often detrimental impacts on parents’ abilities to manage work and family roles. Drawing on crossover theory, we argue that these kinds of unsupportive work-family cultures have adverse consequences, not only for working parents but also for their partners. We hypothesize that if one partner experiences an unsupportive work-family culture, they can provide less instrumental and emotional support to the other partner, which reduces the other partner’s WFBS. We use a unique dataset of 556 dual-earner couples with young children surveyed in Germany in 2015 and perform multivariate regression analysis and structural equation modelling. We find robust evidence that mothers were less satisfied with work-family balance if fathers reported an unsupportive work-family culture in their organization. There was only weak evidence, however, for crossover between an unsupportive work-family culture at the mother’s workplace and the father’s WFBS. Mediation analysis suggests that these associations were transmitted in part through reduced emotional support, whereas instrumental support did not appear to play a role. The findings lend support to the argument that an unsupportive work-family culture in one parent’s workplace reduces the emotional support they provide to their partner, which reduces the partner’s WFBS.

Work-Family Spillover, Job Demand, Job Control, and Workplace Social Support Affect the Mental Health of Home-Visit Nursing Staff

The primary purpose of this study was to clarify the path by which high job demands on home-visit nursing staff affect their mental health through work-family negative spillover (WFNS, FWNS). The secondary purpose was to clarify the path by which high job control and high social support in the workplace positively affect the mental health of nursing home-visit staff through work-family positive spillover (WFPS, FWPS). A cross-sectional survey using a self-administered questionnaire was conducted on 1,022 visiting nursing staff working at 108 visiting nursing stations in Fukuoka Prefecture in February, 2019. The measurement tools comprised sociodemographic factors, the Japanese version of the Survey Work-Home Interaction - NijmeGen (SWING-J), Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ-22), the Work-Family Culture Scale, and the K6 scale. Six models were determined in an analysis of the model: (1) working time load → WFNS → FWNS → psychological distress, (2) job demands → WFNS → FWNS → psychological distress, (3) job demands → psychological distress, (4) workplace support → job control → WFPS → psychological distress, (5) workplace support → WFPS → psychological distress, and (6) workplace support → psychological distress. This study clarified that job demands and working time load may adversely affect the mental health of home-visit nursing staff through the mediation of WFNS. It was also clarified that high job control and workplace support may have a positive effect on mental health through the mediation of WFPS.

The effect of family supportive supervisor behaviors and work-family culture on turnover intention and work-family conflict

The purpose of this research was to look into the work-life interface of professionals in a de-manding and high-risk occupation in an organization in the security sector. Specifically, it focuses on the interaction between supervisor behaviors and culture with turnover intention and work-family conflict. The present study centers on data from a public security organization (3861) in a Latin American country. The validity of the measuring instruments was evaluated through Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was then applied to evaluate the relationship between variables. Results found show a statistically significant negative impact of the supervisor behaviors in organizational (turnover intention) and individual outcomes (work-family conflict). At the same time, organizational culture negatively affects turnover intentions and work-family conflict. While confirming results coming from the private sector in other countries, the importance of supervisor behaviors and culture provides implications for work and family practices in this type of organization.

THE ROLE OF THE WORK-FAMILY CONFLICT IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WORK-FAMILY CULTURE AND EMPLOYEE WELL-BEING

This study aims to determine whether the work-family conflict plays a role as a mediator in the relationship between work-family culture and employee well-being. Data were gathered from three automotive company branches in Lampung, Indonesia using purposive sampling, with N = 165 (80% male; average age 25 years, SD = 7.90). The analysis method for this study was a simple mediation test with Hayes’ (2013) PROCESS macro. The result of the study showed that there were no significant positive effects of work-family culture on employee well-being, t(162) = .29, p = .76. On the other hand, work-family culture had significant effects on work-family conflict (a = .58) and work-family conflict had significant effects on employee well-being (b = .61). In line with the research hypothesis, there was an indirect relationship between work-family culture and employee well-being through work-family conflict as a mediator (ab = .35). We used the perceived organizational support (POS) theory as a framework and spillover theory to interpret the results. The findings of this study provide insights that it pays off to invest in a work-family culture because such culture is expected to give optimum advantages on well-being at work.

Work–family policies and the transformation triangle: women, organizational culture and managerial strategy

PurposeThis research addresses how companies develop a process of transformation to a more family responsible behaviour and the role that women play in this process. This paper aims to propose a model in which a female workforce is seen as contributing to the development of the family responsible firm. The model includes two paths for transformation, the supportive work–family culture and the managerial strategy for work–family using a mediation model. The analysis was performed in a sample of 1,048 Spanish firms.Design/methodology/approachThe hypotheses are tested using Baron and Kenny’s (1986) mediated regression technique, the Sobel’s test (1982) and a bootstrap re-sampling with 5,000 and 10,000 iterations to determine the significance of the mediation.FindingsThe results confirm the impact of the proportion of women in the workforce on organizational culture and managerial strategy, factors that lead to a real increase in the accessibility of work–family policies. The mediation effect is total.Research limitations/implicationsLimitations stemming from the survey used and from the cross-sectional data.Practical implicationsThe role of women, the culture and managers in promoting work–family policies appears clear. The need for the active reinforcement of the supportive work–family culture in companies and managerial strategy, diffusion, planning and involvement are all key factors in the development of work–family policies.Social implicationsGovernments and society as a whole should urge firms to use all means at their disposal to guarantee the formal adoption of work–family policies.Originality/valueResearch that analyses the way in which work–family culture and the managerial strategy for work–family generate change does not usually incorporate the female component of the labour force as an explanatory element.

Linking Supervisor and Subordinate’s Negative Work–Family Experience: The Role of Family Supportive Supervisor Behavior

In the past decade, family supportive supervisor behavior (FSSB) has emerged as an important factor that can help employees manage work–family needs. Although the existing literature has documented the benefits of FSSB, we know little about the emerging process of FSSB. Drawing on the conservation of resources theory, we propose that supervisor engagement in FSSB is influenced by the extent to which the supervisor has sufficient resources for work. This study uses the joint effect of supervisors’ family–work conflict (FWC) and organizational work–family culture to predict the time supervisors spend on core tasks, FSSB, and subordinates’ work–family conflict (WFC), in sequence. Data were collected from paired supervisor–subordinate dyads among 83 supervisors and 276 subordinates. The results indicate that supervisors with high FWC spend more time on core tasks and display less FSSB, which ultimately result in higher subordinates’ WFC, especially in organizations with a lower level of organizational work–family culture. In contrast, supervisors’ FWC does not result in any negative influences on the supervisors themselves or their subordinates at work in organizations with a higher level of organizational work–family culture. Therefore, the theoretical model provides evidence that supervisors’ negative work–family experience cascades down to their subordinates.