Work-family Conflict Research Articles

어머니 일-가정 양립 갈등과 부부 갈등이 학령초기 아동의 학교적응에 미치는 영향: 사회적 지원의 조절된 매개효과

Objectives The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating effect of marital conflict and the moderated mediating effect of social support in mothers’ work-family conflict and school adjustment in children. Methods Among the data from the Panel Study on Korean Children(PSKC), the final sample consisted of 400 respondents who answered questions on work-family conflict, marital conflict, child school adjustment, and social the 8th year, when the children were in the first grade. SPSS Macro’s Model 4 was used to confirm the mediating effect of marital conflict in the relationship between mothers’ work-family conflict and school adjustment in children, and SPSS Macro’s Model 1 and 7 were used to analyze the moderating effect and moderating mediating effect of social support. Results First, mothers' work-family conflict showed a positive correlation with marital conflict and a negative correlation with social support and children's school adjustment. Marital conflict negatively correlated with social support and children's school adjustment, while social support did not show a significant correlation with children's school adjustment. Second, marital conflict mediated the relationship between mothers' work-family conflict and children's school adjustment. This means that work-family conflict directly affects school adjustment and also has an indirect effect through marital conflict. Third, in the relationship between work-family conflict and marital conflict, the group with a higher perception of social support showed a mitigating effect on marital conflict compared to the group with a lower perception of social support. Fourth, the study confirmed the presence of moderated mediating effects, indicating that the relationship between work-family conflict and children's school adjustment via marital conflict varies based on the level of social support. Conclusions Parents with children entering school may experience higher marital conflict in dual-income families than at other times, which can make it difficult for children to adapt to the new environment of school. Therefore, it suggests the need for social support and systems that can reduce work-family conflict and marital conflict experienced by the primary caregiver, as well as emotional support.

The elephant in the room: How personal and workplace traits shape role stress in the construction industry

Geographical regions shape workplace stress, as each location presents distinct environmental, cultural, and socioeconomic conditions. These regional variations contribute to varying stress levels among workers depending on their unique conditions. This study explored the effects of personal and workplace traits on the role stress of the construction workforce in the South Asian region. Data were collected through a cross-sectional survey involving 274 project-level personnel from ten construction companies in Sri Lanka. Factor analysis validated regression analysis was performed to identify the effects of personal and workplace traits on role stress. The results highlighted the significance of age, education level, and organization tenure in shaping role stress. Specifically, the increasing age was associated with decreased role overload and work-family conflict. A higher level of education was linked to a greater likelihood of experiencing role conflict. Extended organization tenure was found to decrease role ambiguity but increase role conflict and work-family conflict among construction project employees. These findings hold implications for shaping organizational policies aimed at improving employee well-being. By incorporating these insights, organizations can develop strategies that foster a more supportive and healthier work environment.

Pengaruh Konflik Pekerjaan-Keluarga, Kelelahan Emosional dan Stres Kerja terhadap Kinerja di PT Penerbit Erlangga Karawang

Dynamic company dynamics make human resources continue to innovate and be efficient in order to provide the best performance. The conflict between work demands and family responsibilities is increasingly gaining attention in the context of modern life. When work forces you to sacrifice time and attention that should be given to your family, conflict arises, causing a significant impact on an individual's emotional and physical well-being. Emotional exhaustion, which reflects a state of physical and mental exhaustion due to ongoing pressure, and job stress, which occurs due to a mismatch between job demands and the individual's ability to meet them, are the two main consequences of this conflict. This research method is quantitative using multiple linear regression analysis. The research results showed that work-family conflict, emotional exhaustion and work stress had an influence on performance.

Early Childhood Education and Care Services, and Parents’ Work–Life Balance

Parents’ work–life balance represents a major challenge, especially for those who have young children. The present article aims to identify the perceptions of parents relating to the purpose of early childhood education and care (ECEC) services, care responsibilities, and factors that affect the balance between caring responsibilities for children and the professional career of parents. Using a database with 825 parents, who have children aged between 0 and 6 years enrolled in the ECEC system (nurseries, kindergartens), we performed a descriptive statistical analysis and a logistic regression to identify factors that affect the balance between caring responsibilities and career. The results indicate an appreciation of the usefulness of ECEC services (nurseries/kindergartens) by parents and underline the importance of parents’ involvement in the activities of ECEC services. Results also show that three factors affect the balance between caring responsibilities for children and professional career as follows: the residence area, the educational level, and the proximity to ECEC services. The need to develop ECEC services in Romania is correlated with the work–family balance field. Policymakers should focus more on structural changes and the development of early childhood education and care services, as well as the expansion of such services in both rural and urban areas.

Work-Family Conflict Among Resident Physicians: A Comparative Analysis of Surgical and Internal Medicine Specialties

Aims: To investigate whether there is a difference in work-family conflict between surgical and internal medicine residents and to determine the factors associated with work-family conflict Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based survey study was conducted with 443 resident physicians working at a university hospital. A form about demographic data and a Turkish version of the Work-Family Conflict Inventory (WFCI) were used to gather data during in-person interviews. Results: Three-hundred-forty-eight residents responded (76.8%). Weekly working time was significantly more in surgical medical sciences (SMS) residents than in internal medicine sciences (IMS) residents (62.3±13.8 vs 53.2±13.6 hours respectively, p

Purpose: A potential catalyst and anchor for optimal work–family balance and well‐being

AbstractWorking parents often report difficulties in establishing optimal work–family balance, and such difficulties tend to yield poorer parent well‐being, parenting quality, and child well‐being. Despite advances in understanding of the long‐lasting and multifaceted benefits of purpose in life, up to this point, scant attention has been given to the concept of purpose as a practical means for promoting better parent well‐being and parenting quality, which also has far‐reaching impacts on child well‐being and trajectories. The goal of this paper is to discuss purpose as a potential catalyst and anchor for work–family balance and its associated outcomes of parenting well‐being, parenting quality, and child well‐being. Drawing from ecological systems, family systems, life course, and family resilience theories, this paper presents a conceptual model that depicts these relationships. Recommendations for advancing future research that supports theory building from this work as well as practice are provided.

10.N. Scientific session: Gender and parenthood: short and long-term income, career, and health inequities

Abstract Despite the last decades’ changes in the distribution of household and child-rearing tasks, its main responsibility tends to fall on women. As such, parenting may remain an important determinant of gender inequalities in income, careers, and health and well-being. In 2022, on average, European women’s gross income was 12.7% below men’s. This income gap is, in part, explained by inequalities in full-time employment: in the EU, 31.5% of women with children worked part-time, which contrasts with 20.2% of women without children, with 4.9% of men with children, and 7.2% of men without children. These income and career impacts may occur due to the persistence of some traditional conceptions of the division of paid and nonpaid labor. These conceptions, and the subsequent inequalities in career progression and income, may be reflected in women’s living conditions, work-family conflict, chronic strain, well-being, and health. Yet, it can also be posited that men, experiencing the pressure to remain the main provider in the family and the most recent expectations to comply with childrearing roles, may also see their well-being and health affected. However, countries with higher gender equity have shown better results in life expectancy and healthy life expectancy for women and men. It can be argued that women and men, especially those who have children, benefit from countries with more progressive parental policies, such as longer and more equally divided parental leaves, accessible childcare, or flexible working schemes. It could, thus, be expected that these countries present higher gender equity in paid and nonpaid work division, career progression, and income, with a higher couple balance, and healthier family environments, with health gains for women and men who are parents and their children. This workshop aims to present and open to discussion recent research outcomes on the role of parenthood on income, career, and health inequalities across European countries. It will show results from quantitative and qualitative studies that focus on analyzing these impacts in the short- and long-term. By discussing these results, researchers and public health professionals may grasp parental, labor market, or social policies or health programs to foster gender equality in access to better living conditions and health, especially during and after parenthood. Key messages • Parenthood may widen gender inequities regarding income and career progression, contributing to the gender gap in health and well-being. • By understanding the magnitude of gender inequities and their distribution across countries, public health researchers and professionals may identify policies that effectively address the gender gap.

Barriers and facilitators to remote healthcare services use: perspectives of women and providers

Abstract Background The remote health services (RHS) proliferation raises concerns regarding relatively low use among minorities. Arab women in Israel belong to a minority that experiences health disparities, stigmatization, social and economic marginalization. This study aimed to identify barriers and facilitating means to RHS use relevant to Arab women in Israel from the perspective of women, primary care physicians (PCPs), and nurses. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 25 Arab women, 18 PCPs, and 4 nurses from different parts in Israel between December 2023-March 2024. We used a positive deviance approach by interviewing 14 women who succeeded in using RHS and 11 who did not. Interviews were audiotaped, transcribed, and thematically analyzed using Atlas qualitative analysis software. Findings The data distilled three main barriers to RHS use: sociocultural- importance of close relations with PCPs, privacy concerns of revealing the body or conversing with unfamiliar physicians, strict supervision by the family (Bedouin society); logistical-limited internet access and infrastructure, personal- unawareness to RHS, digital literacy, normative conceptions of limited quality of care and believing that only some health conditions are suitable for RHS. Facilitating means to RHS use: gender roles-women’s role as family health caretakers, mothers maintaining work-family balance and younger women generation feeling responsible for the older generation RHS adoption, accessibility- wider access to care due to limited transportation. Conclusions It is important to identify facilitating conditions (e.g., training opportunities, social, technological support), cultured elements (gender roles, limited mobility), and trust to adopting RHS by minority populations. The study provide data for developing requirements to ensure more equitable access to RHS to Arab women including addressing privacy concerns, guidelines for RHS-related information dissemination, and for RHS providers. Key messages • The findings help develop approaches and means to improve RHS use for Arab women from diverse backgrounds by identifying barriers associated with access, culture, and normative conceptions. • Developing RHS systems into routine care must ensure equitable use across social groups and address economic, logistical, and sociocultural barriers and guidelines for RHS information dissemination.

Effect of psychosocial safety climate on work-family conflict and psychological health among working couples.

The purpose of the study was to look into how work-family conflict (WFC), family-work conflict (FWC), and psychological health are affected by the psychosocial safety climate (PSC). First, the study suggested that for both husband and wife, PSC moderates the relationship between job demands and WFC. Second, the study predicted FWC mediates the relationship between WFC and depressive symptoms through the "crossover" process. The study design used a multi-source sample that involved 350 teachers and their working spouses (n = 700). The analysis of mediation and moderation among job demands, WFC, FWC, PSC, and depressive symptoms was conducted using SPSS and structural equation modeling AMOS software. For the teacher's sample, based on behavioral (β = 0.166, p < 0.05) and strain-based (β = 0.170, p < 0.05) aspects, the hierarchical regression analysis revealed that the PSC moderates the relationship between physical demand and WFC. The results also showed that the relationship between time-based WFC and emotional demand is moderated by PSC (β = 0.103, p < 0.05). Next, the analysis found that PSC moderates the association between cognitive demand and WFC of strain-based (β = 0.179, p < 0.05). For the spouse's sample, according to the analysis, PSC moderates the relationship between strain-based WFC and physical demand (β = 0.091, p < 0.05). The study also revealed that FWC serves as a mediator in the relationship between WFC and depressive symptoms in both husbands (β = 0.233, p < 0.01) and wives (β = 0.135, p < 0.001). Overall, this study contributes significant insights to the current literature by examining the impact of PSC on the psychological well-being of individuals and others through the crossover process.

Exploring the mediating role of psychological distress in the relationship between psychosocial workload and work-family conflict

In the modern workplace, the imbalance between work and family roles often leads to work-family conflict, negatively impacting employees' well-being. This study examines the mediating role of psychological distress in the relationship between psychosocial workload and work-family conflict among teaching professionals in private higher education institutions in India. The Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) model was used to assess psychosocial workload and its impact on psychological distress and work-family conflict. A quantitative, cross-sectional design was employed, gathering data from 391 respondents across 35 multidisciplinary deemed universities. The data was analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Results indicate a significant positive relationship between psychosocial workload and work-family conflict, with psychological distress acting as a mediator. A high psychosocial workload was found to increase psychological distress, which, in turn, intensified work-family conflict. These findings highlight the importance of interventions such as flexible work arrangements, workload management, and supportive organizational cultures to mitigate these stressors. The study contributes to the fields of organizational psychology and employee well-being, offering practical insights for university administrators to promote work-life balance and reduce psychological distress.

Relationships between work-family conflict, infertility-related stress, resilience and social support in patients undergoing infertility treatment

ABSTRACT Fertility treatments can be physically and psychologically exhausting for those who do it due to high expectations and possible frustration with the negative results. Moreover, it demands time and high financial investment, which are sometimes stressful factors for the working patient. Two aspects that can ease this context are resilience and social support. The present article aims to investigate the levels of work-family conflict in individuals undergoing infertility treatment and their associations with stress, resilience, and social support. The survey of 242 patients addressed sociodemographic data, Infertility-Related Stress Scale-Brazil (IRSS-BP), Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale 10 (CD-RISC 10), Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS), and Work-Family Conflict Scale. Data were analyzed using R (4.3.2). Findings suggest that the level of Work-Family Conflict is higher in men (p = 0.020). The scale is also positively associated with Infertility Stress and negatively correlated with Resilience and Social Support.

Strengthening Family Resilience For Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises

Work Family Conflict (WFC) is a pressure or imbalance between roles at work and roles in the family. Entrepreneurial families are very vulnerable to WFC, even more vulnerable than working families. Even though entrepreneurs are known to have flexible working hours, in reality entrepreneurs' working hours are unlimited. This service aims to provide assistance in strengthening the resilience of entrepreneurial families by focusing on managing stress and conflict in entrepreneurial families, building effective communication and balancing the roles of husband/wife of business actors in the family. The service partners are members of the Kaliurang Connection, which is an MSME community in Yogyakarta. The service method is training and counseling from a team of psychologists according to the participants' needs and problems.

Religious coping and maternal work-conflict: uncovering the pathways to well-being

ABSTRACT Most studies examining work-family conflict have utilized quantitative methodologies, which do not provide sufficient narrative information about participants’ experiences. This qualitative descriptive study describes both the religious and non-religious coping strategies employed by Twelve (N = 12) Conservative Protestant Working Mothers with school-aged children to manage work-family conflict. The CPWM shared their experiences of how they found balance and well-being. Two research questions guided this study: How do Conservative Protestant Working Mothers with school-aged children describe their experiences of work-family conflict when transitioning between the work and home environments? How do Conservative Protestant Working Mothers with school-aged children describe the coping strategies they use to reduce or resolve work-family conflict? Prayer was found to be a coping strategy used by all of the mothers in this study, it helped to reduce their stress levels and enhance their emotional well-being.

Working conditions of commercial drivers: a scoping review of psychosocial work factors, health outcomes, and interventions

BackgroundPsychosocial work factors significantly influence both organisational and worker health. Poor management of these factors can create precarious working conditions, risking drivers’ health. This review maps evidence on the health impact of these factors and health interventions targeting the working conditions and unhealthy habits of commercial drivers.MethodThe search was conducted in four main databases (PubMed, Central, JSTOR and Dimensions Ai) and other sources like Google Scholar. In All, 28,039 articles were retrieved and through a rigorous screening process, 68 records were included in this scoping review.ResultsThis review found that drivers work in precarious conditions like long driving hours, low job resources and social support, low job control, poor remuneration, workplace abuse and sexual harassment, work-family conflict, lone driving hour, irregular shift work, lack or insufficient breaks during work hours and difficult access to social protection and sanitation facilities. These precarious working conditions may expose drivers to mental health issues, cardiovascular diseases, HIV/AIDs, stroke, chronic fatigue, kidney and bladder issues and musculoskeletal pains. Most health promotion interventions target behaviour at the individual level, such as the benefits of a healthy diet and exercise, with little effort to improving working conditions.ConclusionEmployers in the road transport sector need to implement health promotion interventions that focus on drivers’ well-being. Additionally, improving working conditions and enforcing occupational health and safety standards in the road transport sector are essential for creating a safe and healthy workplace for all commercial drivers.

The examining the relationship of telework intensity and work-family conflict: Work autonomy as moderator

Purpose: While telework offers many advantages during the COVID-19 pandemic, it can also increase pressure and lead to greater work-family conflict for workers. Work autonomy plays a key role in moderating the relationships of telework and work-family conflict. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of work autonomy on the relationship between telework intensity and work-family conflict. Method: This study involved participants from various e-commerce companies in Indonesia with a total of 86 workers who meet the criteria of working telework, married and having children under 18 years. The data of this study were analysed using hierarchical regression analysis that to assess the moderator role of work autonomy in the relationship between the telework intensity and work-family conflict. Result: The study found telework increases work-family conflict, moderated by work autonomy, with higher autonomy reducing conflict. Gender and period of work also known to influence work-family conflict. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this research, companies can help their workers to manage work-family conflict by giving more job autonomy within their telework systems.

The impact of work-family conflict on occupational fatigue among endoscopy nurses in China: a moderated mediation model.

Endoscopy nurses in China face significant work-family conflicts, where the clash between high work demands and family responsibilities markedly increases the risk of occupational fatigue. This not only affects the nurses' physical and mental health and overall well-being, but also poses a threat to the quality of care and patient safety. This study, grounded in the Conservation of Resources theory, constructs a moderated mediation model to examine the mediating role of positive coping style in the relationship between work-family conflict and occupational fatigue among endoscopy nurses in China, as well as the moderating effect of perceived social support. A convenience sampling method was employed to select 315 endoscopy nurses from 25 tertiary hospitals across 14 provinces in China. A questionnaire survey was conducted using the Fatigue Assessment Instrument, the Work-Family Conflict Scale, the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, and the Perceived Social Support Scale. The moderated mediation model was validated using Stata16.0. Our findings reveal that work-family conflict is a significant predictor of occupational fatigue, with a negative impact on positive coping style. Positive coping style, in turn, is negatively associated with occupational fatigue. Furthermore, positive coping style partially mediates the relationship between work-family conflict and occupational fatigue, accounting for 35.52% of the total effect. Additionally, perceived social support mitigates the negative effects of work-family conflict on positive coping style and occupational fatigue. There exists a moderated mediation effect between work-family conflict and occupational fatigue among endoscopy nurses in China, wherein positive coping style serve as a mediating variable. Perceived social support mitigates the negative impact of work-family conflict on positive coping style, while enhancing the alleviating effect of positive coping style on occupational fatigue. Therefore, improving endoscopy nurses' levels of perceived social support and coping strategies may help to prevent and alleviate the occurrence of occupational fatigue.

Are you happy with your work? Side effects of workloads and work–family conflict in higher education

PurposeLacking lecturers in higher education is an international issue where society faces insufficient educational services to enlighten one’s future, and lecturer work satisfaction also merits higher attention. Work satisfaction is closely associated with turnover rates, lecturer retention, overall university cohesion, lecturers’ well-being, professional teaching improvement and research and publication performances. This study aims to explore how causes of actions (work–family conflict [WFC] and workload) influence consequences (stress and burnout) which affect the overall attitude (lecturer work satisfaction).Design/methodology/approachResearchers collected data from 450 Thai lecturers from different universities via survey questionnaires. Furthermore, a structural equation model method was used to analyze the data.FindingsResults showed that lecturer stress was significantly influenced by WFC and workload. Next, stress, workload and WFC were the main predictors of lecturer burnout. Then, lecturer work satisfaction was significantly influenced by burnout, except stress. Finally, a relationship between lecturer stress and work satisfaction was mediated by burnout.Originality/valueThis research proposes a theoretical mechanism to analyze how causes of actions (WFC and workload) influence consequences (stress and burnout) which lead to a development of lecturer attitude (work satisfaction) in higher education.

Unleashing the missing link between work-family conflict and affective commitment: implications for health professionals

PurposeElucidating on the theoretical framework of conservation of resource and social identity theories, we aim to explore the association between work-family conflict (bidirectional, i.e. work-to-family conflict (WFC) and family-to-work conflict (FWC)) and affective commitment (AC) via emotional exhaustion (EE). Besides, the buffering effect of organizational identification (OI) in the bi-directional work-family conflict and EE relationship and perceived interactional justice (PIJ) between EE and AC were also tested.Design/methodology/approachA multi-time study was conducted in which data from 675 doctors working in different public hospitals across India were gathered at three-time intervals (T1, T2 and T3). The collected data were then analyzed using statistical software tools, namely AMOS 24 and SPSS v23.FindingsIt was indicated that WFC and FWC have a significant negative association with AC. EE was shown to mediate the relationship between bi-directional work-family conflict and AC. Additionally, OI buffered the relationship between WFC, FWC and EE. Moreover, PIJ was established as a moderating factor in the relationship between EE and AC.Originality/valueThis paper provides a new insight into the work-family conflict-AC relationship by examining it through the mediating role of EE. It offers a nuanced understanding by establishing the buffering effects of OI in the bi-directional WFC and EE. To our knowledge, this research represents the inaugural attempt to investigate the moderating influence of PIJ in the relationship between EE and AC.

The Impact of Green Human Resource Management Practices (GHRMPs) on Turnover Intention (TI): Moderated by Work-Health Balance (WHB) and Work-Family Balance (WFB)

This study aims to investigate the direct relationships between GHRMPs (GR, GTT, GRA and GI) and TI, the indirect relationship between GHRMPs and TI through the moderation role of each WHB and WFB. This study conducted amongst the employees of Malaysian manufacturing industry. The study employed the quantitative method with a population of 2.8 million employees in the main four manufacturing hubs in Malaysia (Penang, Kulim, Klang Valley, and Johor), the representative sample attained 403 employees from the different hubs mentioned. The data analyzed descriptively via SPSS and the hypothesis tested using AMOS. The findings of this research as there is a statistical significant and negative (Reducing TI) influence of GHRMPs (GR, GTT, GRA and GI) on TI in the Malaysian manufacturing industry. There is a statistical significant negative (Reducing TI) influence of the moderator WFB on the relationship between GHRMPs (GR, GTT, GRA and GI) and TI in the Malaysian manufacturing industry. There is a statistical significant negative (Reducing TI) influence of the moderator WHB on the relationship between GHRMPs (GR, GTT and GRA) and TI in the Malaysian manufacturing industry. While There is a statistical insignificant positive (Increasing TI) influence of the moderator WHB on the relationship between GI and TI in the Malaysian manufacturing industry.

Stressors in the work-family system and negative affect: a comparison between ethnic communities and genders

ABSTRACT The current study examined associations between stressors in the work-family system and negative affect among three ethnic communities in Israeli society. The total sample included 817 participants (65% women) consisting of 269 modern Jews, 147 ultra-Orthodox Jews and 269 Israeli Arabs. Participants completed measures of objective load in the family and work, role conflict, and negative affect. Work-family role conflict emerged as a significant mediator between objective load (experienced at work) and negative affect. Similarities and differences were found across ethnic communities and genders. The association between experiencing role conflict and negative affect is stronger among members of the modern Jewish community than among traditional ones (ultra-Orthodox Jews and Arabs). The research findings present a multifaceted picture regarding the relationship between stressors and their adverse impact on mental well-being across various ethnic communities. While some consistent patterns emerged, indicating a uniform impact of certain stressors, other findings suggest that the association between stress experienced within the family-work system and mental distress is heavily dependent on culture. Professionals are advised to develop culturally sensitive intervention programs that consider specific ethnic community cultural values at workplaces to alleviate tension in the work-family system.